Fix errors not being emitted when debugger breaks on script errors

[mihe]

Fixes #107662.

This does the following:

1. Errors are now emitted when the built-in debugger breaks on a script error, allowing Logger to intercept such errors.
2. Effectively changes the location of this emitted error (which applies to the "Ignore Error Breaks" scenario as well) from RemoteDebugger::debug to instead be the actual script location.

[akien-mga]

Makes sense to me.

We looked into it in depth with @mihe and @reduz and couldn't really find why this was written to not emit errors on debugger breaks.

Now that we know it actually prevents proper logging of errors when using a debugger, I think it's time to reconsider this behavior.

CC @raulsntos - does C# support this kind of debugger breaks, and would it affect its behavior?

[raulsntos]

does C# support this kind of debugger breaks, and would it affect its behavior?

No, C# exceptions/errors don't break the debugger. There's very little, if any, integration with the Godot debugger. We may want to change that in the future, but I don't think we'd want a different behavior.

[Repiteo]

Thanks!