[NodeJS][CBL-Mariner]: Support NodeJS 20, 22 and 24

[SpicyNoodless]

The latest NodeJS version that CBL-Mariner image provides is v18.20-cm2, which is reach end of life
https://mcr.microsoft.com/en-us/artifact/mar/cbl-mariner/base/nodejs/tags

https://nodejs.org/en/about/previous-releases