Remove 'archlinux-latest' from sage-the-distro CI tests

[tobiasdiez]

Since we now recommend to simply install via meson, this CI run fails and is no longer needed.

📝 Checklist

• The title is concise and informative.
• The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
• I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
• I have created tests covering the changes.
• I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation preview.

⌛ Dependencies

[antonio-rojas]

When was this being run? And is the meson build being tested instead?

[github-actions]

Documentation preview for this PR (built with commit b81ec6d; changes) is ready! 🎉
This preview will update shortly after each push to this PR.

[tobiasdiez]

When was this being run?

After every release.

And is the meson build being tested instead?

This is added in #40142 (also run after each release).

[tobiasdiez]

Thanks!