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‎FanOfAscii.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

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@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
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@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
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‎FanOfAscii/Chapters/01-FanOfAscii.playgroundchapter/Pages/02-HowImagesComposed.playgroundpage/main.swift

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@@ -1,9 +1,110 @@
11
//#-hidden-code
22
//
3-
// See LICENSE folder for this template’s licensing information.
4-
//
5-
// Abstract:
6-
// The Swift file containing the source code edited by the user of this playground book.
3+
// Copyright © 2020 Bunny Wong
4+
// Created on 2019/12/18.
75
//
6+
7+
import UIKit
8+
import PlaygroundSupport
9+
import Accelerate
10+
11+
import BookCore
12+
13+
PlaygroundPage.current.needsIndefiniteExecution = true
14+
15+
//#-end-hidden-code
16+
/*:
17+
# How Images Composed
18+
19+
## Pixels
20+
21+
Images are made up of **pixels**. Think of them as tiny square blocks with a single, solid color.
22+
23+
### 🔬Pixel Discovery
24+
25+
* Experiment:
26+
Choose an image and then tap the 🔎 icon in the bottom right corner to bring up the magnifier. Drag it around to
27+
examine how pixels compose a whole image.
28+
29+
## Red, Green & Blue
30+
31+
Each pixel has a color. To store a color, we have to use a **color model** to measure them first. The **RGB Color model**
32+
is mostly used to represent colors in digital world.
33+
34+
In **RGB color model**, all colors are mixed from lights three main colors: **red, green and blue** as well as an
35+
**alpha** attribute to describe how *opaque* the color is.
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37+
![RGB Color Model](rgb-model.png)
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This model is close to the way how screens on our devices works. For old monitors with low resolution, you can
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even see lighting units in these three colors with a close-up look.
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42+
![Close-up Look of LCD Screen](lcd-screen-closeup.jpg)
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## Filters
45+
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**Filters** are used as the general technique for image processing. Mysterious it seems to be, a filter is more like a
47+
mathematical function, receiving colors per pixel, recalculates them, producing a new image as output.
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49+
### 🔨Build Your First Image Filter
50+
51+
* Experiment:
52+
* In this experiment, we'll build a simple filter which takes red, green or blue component out of the source
53+
image.
54+
* Try to read and complete the following code snippet. When you finish it, run your code and tap the **R, G
55+
and B** button below the image to see whether it works.
56+
*/
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58+
//#-code-completion(everything, hide)
59+
//#-code-completion(literal, show, float, integer)
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//#-code-completion(identifier, show, coefficientRed, coefficientGreen, coefficientBlue)
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func applyRGBFilter(redEnabled: Bool,
62+
greenEnabled: Bool,
63+
blueEnabled: Bool,
64+
image: Image) {
65+
let coefficientRed, coefficientGreen, coefficientBlue: Float
66+
coefficientRed = (redEnabled ? 1 : 0)
67+
coefficientGreen = (greenEnabled ? 1 : 0)
68+
coefficientBlue = (blueEnabled ? 1 : 0)
69+
var filterMatrix: [Float] = [
70+
/*#-editable-code*/<#T##Red##Float#>/*#-end-editable-code*/, 0, 0, 0,
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0, /*#-editable-code*/<#T##Green##Float#>/*#-end-editable-code*/, 0, 0,
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0, 0, /*#-editable-code*/<#T##Blue##Float#>/*#-end-editable-code*/, 0,
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0, 0, 0, /*#-editable-code*/<#T##Alpha##Float#>/*#-end-editable-code*/
74+
]
75+
image.multiplyByMatrix(matrix4x4: filterMatrix)
76+
}
77+
78+
/*:
79+
* Note:
80+
In this code snippet, we transform the image by multiplying it with a custom filter matrix. If you're not familiar
81+
with limier algebra, the following figure will explain how this transform matrix works.
82+
*/
83+
84+
//#-hidden-code
85+
let remoteView = remoteViewAsLiveViewProxy()
86+
let eventListener = EventListener(proxy: remoteView) { message in
87+
switch message {
88+
case .rgbFilterRequest(let redEnabled,
89+
let greenEnabled,
90+
let blueEnabled,
91+
let uiImage):
92+
guard let uiImage = uiImage,
93+
let image = Image(uiImage: uiImage) else {
94+
return
95+
}
96+
applyRGBFilter(redEnabled: redEnabled,
97+
greenEnabled: greenEnabled,
98+
blueEnabled: blueEnabled,
99+
image: image);
100+
101+
let destinationBitmapInfo = CGBitmapInfo(rawValue: CGImageAlphaInfo.premultipliedLast.rawValue)
102+
if let destCGImage = image.cgImage(bitmapInfo: destinationBitmapInfo),
103+
let destImage = try? UIImage(cgImage: destCGImage) {
104+
remoteView?.send(EventMessage.imageProcessingResponse(image: destImage).playgroundValue)
105+
}
106+
default:
107+
break
108+
}
109+
}
8110
//#-end-hidden-code
9-
let str = "Hello, playground"

‎FanOfAscii/Modules/BookCore.playgroundmodule/Sources/Core/EventListener.swift renamed to ‎FanOfAscii/Modules/BookAPI.playgroundmodule/Sources/EventListener.swift

Lines changed: 2 additions & 0 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
66
import Foundation
77
import PlaygroundSupport
88

9+
import BookCore
10+
911
public class EventListener: PlaygroundRemoteLiveViewProxyDelegate {
1012

1113
public typealias EventHandler = (EventMessage) -> Void

‎FanOfAscii/Modules/BookCore.playgroundmodule/Sources/UserInterface/Chapters/01-FanOfAscii/02-HowImagesComposed/HowImagesComposedLiveViewController.swift

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -103,13 +103,13 @@ extension HowImagesComposedViewController: PlaygroundLiveViewMessageHandler {
103103
redFilterButton.state = .selected
104104
greenFilterButton.state = .selected
105105
blueFilterButton.state = .selected
106+
requestImageFiltering()
106107
}
107108

108109
public func liveViewMessageConnectionClosed() {
109110
redFilterButton.state = .disabled
110111
greenFilterButton.state = .disabled
111112
blueFilterButton.state = .disabled
112-
requestImageFiltering()
113113
}
114114

115115
}

‎FanOfAscii/UserModules/FanOfAscii.playgroundmodule/Sources/Image.swift

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
1+
/*
2+
Copyright © 2020 Bunny Wong
3+
Created on 2019/12/18.
4+
5+
Abstract:
6+
* This file defines a class `Image` for holding raw image data and performs
7+
general processing operations, since `vImage` is not available prior to iOS13.
8+
This class is used throughout this book to abstract away conversion logic and
9+
help you focus on main concepts.
10+
* The class utilizes `Accelerate`, a framework that performs large-scale
11+
mathematical computations, utilizing hardware capabilities and optimized for
12+
high performance.
13+
*/
14+
15+
import UIKit
16+
import Accelerate
17+
18+
public class ImageFormat {
19+
20+
let width: Int
21+
let height: Int
22+
let byteForRow: Int
23+
let bitmapInfo: CGBitmapInfo
24+
25+
public init(cgImage: CGImage) {
26+
self.width = cgImage.width
27+
self.height = cgImage.height
28+
self.byteForRow = cgImage.bytesPerRow
29+
self.bitmapInfo = cgImage.bitmapInfo
30+
}
31+
32+
}
33+
34+
public class Image {
35+
36+
private let format: ImageFormat
37+
private let data: CFData
38+
39+
public func cgImage(bitmapInfo: CGBitmapInfo?) -> CGImage? {
40+
let colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB()
41+
let finalBitmapInfo = bitmapInfo ?? format.bitmapInfo
42+
guard let context = CGContext.init(data: UnsafeMutablePointer<UInt8>(mutating: CFDataGetBytePtr(data)),
43+
width: format.width,
44+
height: format.height,
45+
bitsPerComponent: 8,
46+
bytesPerRow: format.byteForRow,
47+
space: colorSpace,
48+
bitmapInfo: finalBitmapInfo.rawValue) else {
49+
return nil
50+
}
51+
return context.makeImage()
52+
}
53+
54+
public init?(uiImage: UIImage) {
55+
guard let cgImage = uiImage.cgImage,
56+
let bitmapData = cgImage.dataProvider?.data else {
57+
return nil
58+
}
59+
self.data = bitmapData
60+
self.format = ImageFormat(cgImage: cgImage)
61+
}
62+
63+
private func getBuffer() -> vImage_Buffer {
64+
let bitmapPointer =
65+
UnsafeMutablePointer<UInt8>(mutating: CFDataGetBytePtr(data))
66+
return vImage_Buffer(data: bitmapPointer,
67+
height: UInt(format.height),
68+
width: UInt(format.width),
69+
rowBytes: format.byteForRow)
70+
}
71+
72+
public func multiplyByMatrix(matrix4x4: [Float]) {
73+
let divisor: Int32 = 0x1000
74+
let fDivisor = Float(divisor)
75+
var matrixInt16 = matrix4x4.map {
76+
Int16($0 * fDivisor)
77+
}
78+
var buffer = getBuffer()
79+
vImageMatrixMultiply_ARGB8888(&buffer,
80+
&buffer,
81+
&matrixInt16,
82+
divisor,
83+
nil,
84+
nil,
85+
vImage_Flags(kvImageNoFlags))
86+
}
87+
88+
}

‎FanOfAscii/UserModules/UserModule.playgroundmodule/Sources/SharedCode.swift

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