`wasm-tools`

A Bytecode Alliance project

CLI and Rust libraries for low-level manipulation of WebAssembly modules

Installation

Precompiled artifacts built on CI are available for download for each release.

If you'd prefer to build from source then first install Rust for your platform and then use the included Cargo package manager to install:

$ cargo install wasm-tools

Installation can be confirmed with:

$ wasm-tools --version

Subcommands can be explored with:

$ wasm-tools help

Examples

Basic validation/printing:

# Validate a WebAssembly file
$ wasm-tools validate foo.wasm

# Validate a WebAssembly module in the text format, automatically converting to
# binary.
$ wasm-tools validate foo.wat

# Validate a WebAssembly file enabling an off-by-default feature
$ wasm-tools validate foo.wasm --features=exception-handling

# Validate a WebAssembly file with a default-enabled feature disabled
$ wasm-tools validate foo.wasm --features=-simd

# Print the text format of a module to stdout
$ wasm-tools print foo.wasm

# Convert a binary module to text
$ wasm-tools print foo.wasm -o foo.wat

Simple mutation as well as piping commands together:

# Mutate a WebAssembly module and print its text representation to stdout
$ wasm-tools mutate foo.wasm -t

# Mutate a WebAssembly module with a non-default seed and validate that the
# output is a valid module.
$ wasm-tools mutate foo.wasm --seed 192 | wasm-tools validate

# Demangle Rust/C++ symbol names in the `name` section, strip all other custom
# sections, and then print out what binary sections remain.
$ wasm-tools demangle foo.wasm | wasm-tools strip | wasm-tools objdump

Working with components:

# Print the WIT interface of a component
$ wasm-tools component wit component.wasm

# Convert WIT text files to a binary-encoded WIT package, printing the result to
# stdout
$ wasm-tools component wit ./wit -t

# Convert a WIT document to JSON
$ wasm-tools component wit ./wit --json

# Round trip WIT through the binary-encoded format to stdout.
$ wasm-tools component wit ./wit --wasm | wasm-tools component wit

# Convert a core WebAssembly binary into a component. Note that this requires
# WIT metadata having previously been embedded in the core wasm module.
$ wasm-tools component new my-core.wasm -o my-component.wasm

# Convert a core WebAssembly binary which uses WASI to a component.
$ wasm-tools component new my-core.wasm -o my-component.wasm --adapt wasi_snapshot_preview1.reactor.wasm

CLI Conventions

There are a few conventions that all CLI commands adhere to:

All subcommands print "short help" with -h and "long help" with --help.
Input is by default read from stdin if no file input is specified (when applicable).
Output is by default sent to stdout if a -o or --output flag is not provided. Binary WebAssembly is not printed to a tty by default, however.
Commands which output WebAssembly binaries all support a -t or --wat flag to generate the WebAssembly text format instead.
A -v or --verbose flag can be passed to enable log messages throughout the tooling. Verbosity can be turned up by passing the flag multiple times such as -vvv.
Color in error messages and console output is enabled by default for TTY based outputs and can be configured with a --color argument.

Tools included

The wasm-tools binary internally contains a number of subcommands for working with wasm modules and component. Many subcommands also come with Rust crates that can be use programmatically as well:

CLI	Rust Crate	Description
`wasm-tools validate`	wasmparser	Validate a WebAssembly file
`wasm-tools parse`	wat and wast	Translate the WebAssembly text format to binary
`wasm-tools print`	wasmprinter	Translate the WebAssembly binary format to text
`wasm-tools smith`	wasm-smith	Generate a valid WebAssembly module from an input seed
`wasm-tools mutate`	wasm-mutate	Mutate an input wasm file into a new valid wasm file
`wasm-tools shrink`	wasm-shrink	Shrink a wasm file while preserving a predicate
`wasm-tools dump`		Print debugging information about the binary format
`wasm-tools objdump`		Print debugging information about section headers
`wasm-tools strip`		Remove custom sections from a WebAssembly file
`wasm-tools demangle`		Demangle Rust and C++ symbol names in the `name` section
`wasm-tools compose`	wasm-compose	Compose wasm components together
`wasm-tools component new`	wit-component	Create a component from a core wasm binary
`wasm-tools component wit`		Extract a `*.wit` interface from a component
`wasm-tools component embed`		Embed a `component-type` custom section in a core wasm binary
`wasm-tools metadata show`	wasm-metadata	Show name and producer metadata in a component or module
`wasm-tools metadata add`		Add name or producer metadata to a component or module
`wasm-tools addr2line`		Translate wasm offsets to filename/line numbers with DWARF
`wasm-tools completion`		Generate shell completion scripts for `wasm-tools`
`wasm-tools json-from-wast`		Convert a `*.wast` file into JSON commands

The wasm-tools CLI contains useful tools for debugging WebAssembly modules and components. The various subcommands all have --help explainer texts to describe more about their functionality as well.

Libraries

As mentioned above many of the tools of the wasm-tools CLI have libraries implemented in this repository as well. These libraries are:

wasmparser - a library to parse WebAssembly binaries
wat - a library to parse the WebAssembly text format
wast - like wat, except provides an AST
wasmprinter - prints WebAssembly binaries in their string form
wasm-mutate - a WebAssembly test case mutator
wasm-shrink - a WebAssembly test case shrinker
wasm-smith - a WebAssembly test case generator
wasm-encoder - a crate to generate a binary WebAssembly module
wit-parser - a crate to parse and manage *.wit files and interfaces.
wit-component - a crate to create components from core wasm modules.
wasm-metadata - a crate to manipulate name and producer metadata (custom sections) in a wasm module or component.

It's recommended to use the libraries directly rather than the CLI tooling when embedding into a separate project.

C/C++ bindings

Using the CMakeLists.txt in crates/c-api, wasm-tools can be used from the wasm-tools.h header. Note that these bindings do not comprehensively cover all the functionality of this repository at this time, but please feel free to contribute more if you find functions useful!

Versioning and Releases

This repository has both a CLI and a suite of crates that is published to crates.io (Rust's package manager). The versioning scheme used by this repository looks like:

wasm-tools - the CLI follows the versioning pattern of 1.X.Y. Frequently Y is 0 and X is bumped as part of a release for this repository.
wat - this Rust crate is versioned at 1.X.Y as well and matches the wasm-tools version.
wast - this Rust crate is versioned as X.0.Y. The X here matches the X in 1.X.Y of wasm-tools.
All other crates - all other crates in this repository are versioned at 0.X.Y where X matches the 1.X.Y of wasm-tools.

Note that the Y of all the versions above will also match for any release of this repository. This versioning scheme is intended to reflect the stable nature of the CLI and the wat crate in terms of API stability. Other crates, however, all receive a major version bump that are not automatically considered API compatible on all releases. This reflects how WebAssembly itself is an evolving standard which is not an unchanging foundation. All of the crates in this repository are suitable for "production use" but be aware that API stability is not guaranteed over time. If you have difficulty upgrading versions please feel free to file an issue and we can help out.

Also, this repository does not currently have a strict release cadence. Releases are done on an as-needed basis. If you'd like a release done please feel free to reach out on Zulip, file an issue, leave a comment on a PR, or otherwise contact a maintainer.

For maintainers, the release process looks like:

Go to this link
Click on "Run workflow" in the UI.
Use the default bump argument and hit "Run workflow"
Wait for a PR to be created by CI. You can watch the "Actions" tab for if things go wrong.
When the PR opens, close it then reopen it. Don't ask questions.
Review the PR, approve it, then queue it for merge.

That should be it, but be sure to keep an eye on CI in case anything goes wrong.

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md for more information about contributing to this repository.

License

This project is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license with the LLVM exception. See LICENSE for more details.

Contribution

Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in this project by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.

License

Mossaka/wasm-tools-fork

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