test_data/utf-8.html

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<title>UTF-8 Sampler</title>

<meta charset='utf-8'/>
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         color:black;
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<body>

<h1><tt>UTF-8 SAMPLER</tt></h1>

<big><big>&nbsp;&nbsp;¥&nbsp;·&nbsp;£&nbsp;·&nbsp;€&nbsp;·&nbsp;$&nbsp;·&nbsp;¢&nbsp;·&nbsp;₡&nbsp;·&nbsp;₢&nbsp;·&nbsp;₣&nbsp;·&nbsp;₤&nbsp;·&nbsp;₥&nbsp;·&nbsp;₦&nbsp;·&nbsp;₧&nbsp;·&nbsp;₨&nbsp;·&nbsp;₩&nbsp;·&nbsp;₪&nbsp;·&nbsp;₫&nbsp;·&nbsp;₭&nbsp;·&nbsp;₮&nbsp;·&nbsp;₯&nbsp;·&nbsp;&#8377</big></big>


<p>
<blockquote>
Frank da Cruz<br>
<a href="index.html">The Kermit Project</a><br>
New York City<br>
<a href="mailto:fdc@kermitproject.org">fdc@kermitproject.org</a>

<p>
<i>Last update:</i>
Fri Mar  9 20:07:14 2018

</blockquote>
<p>
<hr>
[&nbsp;<a href="http://www.columbia.edu/~fdc/pace/">PEACE</a>&nbsp;]
[&nbsp;<a href="#poetry">Poetry</a>&nbsp;]
[&nbsp;<a href="#glass">I Can Eat Glass</a>&nbsp;]
[&nbsp;<a href="#quickbrownfox">Pangrams</a>&nbsp;]
[&nbsp;<a href="#html">HTML Features</a>&nbsp;]
[&nbsp;<a href="#credits">Credits, Tools, Commentary</a>&nbsp;]
<p>

<big><big>U</big>TF-8</big> is an ASCII-preserving encoding method for
<a href="unicode.html">Unicode</a> (ISO 10646), the Universal Character Set
(UCS).  The UCS encodes most of the world's writing systems in a single
character set, allowing you to mix languages and scripts within a document
without needing any tricks for switching character sets.  This web page is
encoded directly in UTF-8.

<p>

As shown <a href="glass.html">HERE</a>,
Columbia University's <a href="k95.html">Kermit 95</a> terminal emulation
software can display UTF-8 plain text in Windows 95, 98, ME, NT, XP, Vista,
or Windows 7/8/10 when using a monospace Unicode font like <a
href="http://www.monotype.com">Andale Mono WT J</a> or <a
href="http://www.evertype.com/emono/">Everson Mono Terminal</a>, or the lesser
populated Courier New, Lucida Console, or Andale Mono.  <a
href="ckermit.html">C-Kermit</a> can handle it too,
<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html">if you have a Unicode
display</a>.  As many languages as are representable in your font can be seen
on the screen at the same time.

<p>

This, however, is a Web page, which started out as a kind of stress test for
UTF-8 support in Web browsers, which was spotty when this page was first
created in the 1990s but which has become standard in all modern browsers.
The problem now is mainly the fonts and the browser's (or font's) support
for the nonzero Unicode planes (as in, e.g., the <a href="#braille">Braille</a>
and <a href="#gothic">Gothic</a> examples
below).  And to some extent the rendition of combining sequences,
right-to-left rendition (<a href="#arabic">Arabic</a>,
<a href="#hebrew">Hebrew</a>), and so
on.  <a href="http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/fonts.html">CLICK HERE</a> for
a survey of Unicode fonts for Windows.

<p>

The subtitle above shows currency symbols of many lands.  If they don't
appear as blobs, we're off to a good start!
<!--  (The one on the end is the
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign">new Indian Rupee
sign</a> which won't show up in fonts for a while.) -->

<h3><a name="poetry">Poetry</a></h3>

From the Anglo-Saxon <a href="http://www.ragweedforge.com/poems.html"><cite>Rune Poem</cite></a> (Rune version):
<p><blockquote>
  ᚠᛇᚻ᛫ᛒᛦᚦ᛫ᚠᚱᚩᚠᚢᚱ᛫ᚠᛁᚱᚪ᛫ᚷᛖᚻᚹᛦᛚᚳᚢᛗ<br>
  ᛋᚳᛖᚪᛚ᛫ᚦᛖᚪᚻ᛫ᛗᚪᚾᚾᚪ᛫ᚷᛖᚻᚹᛦᛚᚳ᛫ᛗᛁᚳᛚᚢᚾ᛫ᚻᛦᛏ᛫ᛞᚫᛚᚪᚾ<br>
  ᚷᛁᚠ᛫ᚻᛖ᛫ᚹᛁᛚᛖ᛫ᚠᚩᚱ᛫ᛞᚱᛁᚻᛏᚾᛖ᛫ᛞᚩᛗᛖᛋ᛫ᚻᛚᛇᛏᚪᚾ᛬<br>
</blockquote>
<p>

From Laȝamon's<i> <a href="http://mesl.itd.umich.edu/b/brut/">Brut</a></i>
(<i>The Chronicles of England</i>, Middle English, West Midlands, ca.1190):
<p>
<blockquote>
An preost wes on leoden, Laȝamon was ihoten<br>
He wes Leovenaðes sone -- liðe him be Drihten.<br>
He wonede at Ernleȝe at æðelen are chirechen,<br>
Uppen Sevarne staþe, sel þar him þuhte,<br>
Onfest Radestone, þer he bock radde.
</blockquote>
<p>

(The third letter in the author's name is Yogh, missing from many fonts;
<a href="st-erkenwald.html">CLICK HERE</a> for another Middle English sample
with some explanation of letters and encoding).

<p>

From the <cite>Tagelied</cite> of 

<a href="http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/autoren/eschenba.htm">
<b>Wolfram von Eschenbach</b></a> (Middle High German):
<p><blockquote>
Sîne klâwen durh die wolken sint geslagen,<br>
er stîget ûf mit grôzer kraft,<br>
ich sih in grâwen tägelîch als er wil tagen,<br>
den tac, der im geselleschaft<br>
erwenden wil, dem werden man,<br>
den ich mit sorgen în verliez.<br>
ich bringe in hinnen, ob ich kan.<br>
sîn vil manegiu tugent michz leisten hiez.<br>
</blockquote><p>

Some lines of 
<a href="http://users.hol.gr/~artemis/odysseas_elytis.htm">
<b>Odysseus Elytis</b></a> (Greek):

<blockquote>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr>
<td valign="top" style="padding-right:16">
Monotonic:
<p>
Τη γλώσσα μου έδωσαν ελληνική<br>
το σπίτι φτωχικό στις αμμουδιές του Ομήρου.<br>
Μονάχη έγνοια η γλώσσα μου στις αμμουδιές του Ομήρου.<br>
<p>
από το Άξιον Εστί<br>
του Οδυσσέα Ελύτη

<td valign="top">
Polytonic:
<p>
Τὴ γλῶσσα μοῦ ἔδωσαν ἑλληνικὴ<br/>
τὸ σπίτι φτωχικὸ στὶς ἀμμουδιὲς τοῦ Ὁμήρου.<br/>
Μονάχη ἔγνοια ἡ γλῶσσα μου στὶς ἀμμουδιὲς τοῦ Ὁμήρου.<br/>
<p>
ἀπὸ τὸ Ἄξιον ἐστί<br/>
τοῦ Ὀδυσσέα Ἐλύτη<br/>


</table>
</blockquote>

<p>

The first stanza of 
<a href="http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/%7Eleong/Russkaya%20Literatura/Aleksandr%20Sergeevich%20Pushkin.htm"><b>Pushkin</b></a>'s <cite>Bronze Horseman</cite> (Russian):<br>
<p><blockquote>
На берегу пустынных волн<br>
Стоял он, дум великих полн,<br>
И вдаль глядел.  Пред ним широко<br>
Река неслася; бедный чёлн<br>
По ней стремился одиноко.<br>
По мшистым, топким берегам<br>
Чернели избы здесь и там,<br>
Приют убогого чухонца;<br>
И лес, неведомый лучам<br>
В тумане спрятанного солнца,<br>
Кругом шумел.<br>
</blockquote><p>

<a href="http://www.compling.hu-berlin.de/~johannes/mxedruli/"><b>Šota Rustaveli</b></a>'s Veṗxis Ṭq̇aosani,
̣︡Th, <cite>The Knight in the Tiger's Skin</cite> (Georgian):<p>
<blockquote>
ვეპხის ტყაოსანი
შოთა რუსთაველი
<p>
ღმერთსი შემვედრე, ნუთუ კვლა დამხსნას სოფლისა შრომასა,
ცეცხლს, წყალსა და მიწასა, ჰაერთა თანა მრომასა;
მომცნეს ფრთენი და აღვფრინდე, მივჰხვდე მას ჩემსა ნდომასა,
დღისით და ღამით ვჰხედვიდე მზისა ელვათა კრთომაასა.
</blockquote>
<p>

Tamil poetry of Subramaniya Bharathiyar:

சுப்ரமணிய பாரதியார் (1882-1921):

<p>
<blockquote>

யாமறிந்த மொழிகளிலே தமிழ்மொழி போல் இனிதாவது எங்கும் காணோம், <br>
பாமரராய் விலங்குகளாய், உலகனைத்தும் இகழ்ச்சிசொலப் பான்மை கெட்டு, <br>
நாமமது தமிழரெனக் கொண்டு இங்கு வாழ்ந்திடுதல் நன்றோ? சொல்லீர்!<br>
தேமதுரத் தமிழோசை உலகமெலாம் பரவும்வகை செய்தல் வேண்டும்.

</blockquote>
<p>
Kannada poetry by Kuvempu &mdash; ಬಾ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಭವಿಸು

<p>
<blockquote>


ಬಾ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಭವಿಸು ಇಂದೆನ್ನ ಹೃದಯದಲಿ
<br>

ನಿತ್ಯವೂ ಅವತರಿಪ ಸತ್ಯಾವತಾರ

<p>


ಮಣ್ಣಾಗಿ ಮರವಾಗಿ ಮಿಗವಾಗಿ ಕಗವಾಗೀ...

<br>

ಮಣ್ಣಾಗಿ ಮರವಾಗಿ ಮಿಗವಾಗಿ ಕಗವಾಗಿ

<br>

ಭವ ಭವದಿ ಭತಿಸಿಹೇ ಭವತಿ ದೂರ

<br>

ನಿತ್ಯವೂ ಅವತರಿಪ ಸತ್ಯಾವತಾರ || ಬಾ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ||


</blockquote>

<h3><a name="glass">I Can Eat Glass</a></h3>

And from the sublime to the ridiculous, here is a
<a href="#notes">certain phrase&sup1;</a> in an assortment of languages:

<p>
<ol>
<li><b>Sanskrit</b>: ﻿काचं शक्नोम्यत्तुम् । नोपहिनस्ति माम् ॥

<li><b>Sanskrit</b> <i>(standard transcription):</i> kācaṃ śaknomyattum; nopahinasti mām.
<li><b>Classical Greek</b>: ὕαλον ϕαγεῖν δύναμαι· τοῦτο οὔ με βλάπτει.
<li><b>Greek</b> (monotonic): Μπορώ να φάω σπασμένα γυαλιά χωρίς να πάθω τίποτα.
<li><b>Greek</b> (polytonic): Μπορῶ νὰ φάω σπασμένα γυαλιὰ χωρὶς νὰ πάθω τίποτα.

<br><b>Etruscan</b>: (NEEDED)
<li><b>Latin</b>:  Vitrum edere possum; mihi non nocet.
<li><b>Old French</b>: Je puis mangier del voirre.  Ne me nuit.
<li><b>French</b>: Je peux manger du verre, ça ne me fait pas <!--de--> mal.
<li><b>Provençal / Occitan</b>: Pòdi manjar de veire, me nafrariá pas.
<li><b>Québécois</b>: J'peux manger d'la vitre, ça m'fa pas mal.
<li><b>Walloon</b>: Dji pou magnî do vêre, çoula m' freut nén må.
<br><b>Champenois</b>: (NEEDED)
<br><b>Lorrain</b>: (NEEDED)
<li><b>Picard</b>: Ch'peux mingi du verre, cha m'foé mie n'ma.
<br><b>Corsican/Corsu</b>: (NEEDED)
<br><b>J&egrave;rriais</b>: (NEEDED)
<li><b>Kreyòl Ayisyen</b> (Hait&iuml;):    Mwen kap manje vè, li pa blese'm.
<li><b>Basque</b>: Kristala jan dezaket, ez dit minik ematen.
<li><b>Catalan / Català</b>: Puc menjar vidre, que no em fa mal.
<li><b>Spanish</b>: Puedo comer vidrio, no me hace daño.
<li><b>Aragon&eacute;s</b>: Puedo minchar beire, no me'n fa mal .
<br><b>Aran&eacute;s</b>: (NEEDED)
<br><b>Mallorquín</b>: (NEEDED)
<li><b>Galician</b>: Eu podo xantar cristais e non cortarme.
<li><b>European Portuguese</b>: Posso comer vidro, não me faz mal.
<li><b>Brazilian Portuguese</b> (<a href="#notes">8</a>):
 Posso comer vidro, não me machuca.
<li><b>Caboverdiano/Kabuverdianu</b> (Cape Verde): M' podê cumê vidru, ca ta maguâ-m'.
<li><b>Papiamentu</b>: Ami por kome glas anto e no ta hasimi daño.
<li><b>Italian</b>:  Posso mangiare il vetro e non mi fa male.
<li><b>Milanese</b>: Sôn bôn de magnà el véder, el me fa minga mal.
<li><b>Roman</b>: Me posso magna' er vetro, e nun me fa male.
<li><b>Napoletano</b>: M' pozz magna' o'vetr, e nun m' fa mal.
<li><b>Venetian</b>: Mi posso magnare el vetro, no'l me fa mae.
<li><b>Zeneise</b> <i>(Genovese):</i> Pòsso mangiâ o veddro e o no me fà mâ.
<li><b>Sicilian</b>: Puotsu mangiari u vitru, nun mi fa mali.
<br><b>Campinadese</b> (Sardinia): (NEEDED)
<br><b>Lugudorese</b> (Sardinia): (NEEDED)
<li><b>Romansch (Grischun)</b>: Jau sai mangiar vaider, senza che quai fa donn a mai.
<br><b>Romany / Tsigane</b>: (NEEDED)
<li><b>Romanian</b>: Pot să mănânc sticlă și ea nu mă rănește.
<li><b>Esperanto</b>: Mi povas manĝi vitron, ĝi ne damaĝas min.
<br><b>Pictish</b>: (NEEDED)
<br><b>Breton</b>: (NEEDED)
<li><b>Cornish</b>: Mý a yl dybry gwéder hag éf ny wra ow ankenya.
<li><b>Welsh</b>: Dw i'n gallu bwyta gwydr, 'dyw e ddim yn gwneud dolur i mi.
<li><b>Manx Gaelic</b>: Foddym gee glonney agh cha jean eh gortaghey mee.
<li><b>Old Irish</b> <i>(Ogham):</i> ᚛᚛ᚉᚑᚅᚔᚉᚉᚔᚋ ᚔᚈᚔ ᚍᚂᚐᚅᚑ ᚅᚔᚋᚌᚓᚅᚐ᚜
<li><b>Old Irish</b> <i>(Latin):</i> Con·iccim ithi nglano. Ním·géna.

<li><b>Irish</b>: Is féidir liom gloinne a ithe. Ní dhéanann sí dochar ar bith dom.
<li><b>Ulster Gaelic</b>: Ithim-sa gloine agus ní miste damh é.
<li><b>Scottish Gaelic</b>: S urrainn dhomh gloinne ithe; cha ghoirtich i mi.
<li><b>Anglo-Saxon</b> <i>(Runes):</i>
ᛁᚳ᛫ᛗᚨᚷ᛫ᚷᛚᚨᛋ᛫ᛖᚩᛏᚪᚾ᛫ᚩᚾᛞ᛫ᚻᛁᛏ᛫ᚾᛖ᛫ᚻᛖᚪᚱᛗᛁᚪᚧ᛫ᛗᛖ᛬
<li><b>Anglo-Saxon</b> <i>(Latin):</i> Ic mæg glæs eotan ond hit ne hearmiað me.
<li><b>Middle English</b>: Ich canne glas eten and hit hirtiþ me nouȝt.
<li><b>English</b>: I can eat glass and it doesn't hurt me.
<li><b>English</b> <i>(IPA):</i> [aɪ kæn iːt glɑːs ænd ɪt dɐz nɒt hɜːt miː] (Received Pronunciation)
<li id="braille"><b>English</b> <i>(Braille):</i> ⠊⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠑⠁⠞⠀⠛⠇⠁⠎⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠙⠕⠑⠎⠝⠞⠀⠓⠥⠗⠞⠀⠍⠑
<li><b>Jamaican</b>: Mi kian niam glas han i neba hot mi.
<li><b>Lalland Scots / Doric</b>: Ah can eat gless, it disnae hurt us.
<br><b>Glaswegian</b>: (NEEDED)
<li id="gothic"><b>Gothic</b> (<a href="#notes">4</a>):
𐌼𐌰𐌲
𐌲𐌻𐌴𐍃
𐌹̈𐍄𐌰𐌽,
𐌽𐌹
𐌼𐌹𐍃
𐍅𐌿
𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽
𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌸.
<li><b>Old Norse</b> <i>(Runes):</i>  ᛖᚴ ᚷᛖᛏ ᛖᛏᛁ
ᚧ ᚷᛚᛖᚱ ᛘᚾ 
ᚦᛖᛋᛋ ᚨᚧ ᚡᛖ
ᚱᚧᚨ ᛋᚨᚱ

<li><b>Old Norse</b> <i>(Latin):</i>  Ek get etið gler án þess að verða sár.

<li><b>Norsk / Norwegian (Nynorsk):</b> Eg kan eta glas utan å skada meg.
<li><b>Norsk / Norwegian (Bokmål):</b> Jeg kan spise glass uten å skade meg.
<li><b>Føroyskt / Faroese</b>: Eg kann eta glas, skaðaleysur.
<!-- <br><b>Føroyskt / Faroese</b>:  Eg kann eta glas, uttan á nakran hátt at meinslast av hesum. -->
<li><b>Íslenska / Icelandic</b>: Ég  get etið gler án þess að meiða mig.
<li><b>Svenska / Swedish</b>: Jag kan äta glas utan att skada mig.
<li><b>Dansk / Danish</b>: Jeg kan spise glas, det gør ikke ondt på mig.
<li><b>S&oslash;nderjysk</b>: Æ ka æe glass uhen at det go mæ naue.
<li><b>Frysk / Frisian</b>: Ik kin glês ite, it docht me net sear.
<!-- <li><b>Nederlands / Dutch</b>: Ik kan glas eten, het doet mĳ geen pĳn. -->
<!-- <li><b>Nederlands / Dutch</b>: Ik kan glas eten zonder dat het
mĳ 
schaadt. -->
<!-- <li><tt>Dutch: Ik kan glas eten, maar dat doet mĳ geen kwaad.</tt> -->
<li><b>Nederlands / Dutch</b>: Ik kan glas eten, het doet
mĳ 
geen kwaad.


<LI><B>Kirchröadsj/Bôchesserplat</B>: Iech ken glaas èèse, mer 't deet miech
jing pieng.</LI>

<li><b>Afrikaans</b>: Ek kan glas eet, maar dit doen my nie skade nie.
<li><b>Lëtzebuergescht / Luxemburgish</b>: Ech kan Glas iessen, daat deet mir nët wei.
<li><b>Deutsch / German</b>: Ich kann Glas essen, ohne mir zu schaden.
<li><b>Ruhrdeutsch</b>: Ich kann Glas verkasematuckeln, ohne dattet mich wat jucken tut.
<li><b>Langenfelder Platt</b>:
Isch kann Jlaas kimmeln, uuhne datt mich datt weh dääd.
<li><b>Lausitzer Mundart</b> ("Lusatian"): Ich koann Gloos assn und doas
dudd merr ni wii.
<li><b>Odenwälderisch</b>: Iech konn glaasch voschbachteln ohne dass es mir ebbs daun doun dud.
<li><b>Sächsisch / Saxon</b>: 'sch kann Glos essn, ohne dass'sch mer wehtue.
<li><b>Pfälzisch</b>: Isch konn Glass fresse ohne dasses mer ebbes ausmache dud.
<li><b>Schwäbisch / Swabian</b>: I kå Glas frässa, ond des macht mr nix!
<li><b>Deutsch (Voralberg)</b>: I ka glas eassa, ohne dass mar weh tuat.
<li><b>Bayrisch / Bavarian</b>: I koh Glos esa, und es duard ma ned wei.
<li><b>Allemannisch</b>: I kaun Gloos essen, es tuat ma ned weh.

<li><b>Schwyzerdütsch</b> (Zürich): Ich chan Glaas ässe, das schadt mir nöd. 
<li><b>Schwyzerdütsch</b> (Luzern):  Ech cha Glâs ässe, das schadt mer ned. 

<br><b>Plautdietsch</b>: (NEEDED)
<li><b>Hungarian</b>: Meg tudom enni az üveget, nem lesz tőle bajom.
<li><b>Suomi / Finnish</b>: Voin syödä lasia, se ei vahingoita minua.
<li><b>Sami (Northern)</b>: Sáhtán borrat lása, dat ii leat bávččas.
<li><b>Erzian</b>: Мон ярсан 
суликадо, ды 
зыян 
эйстэнзэ а 
ули.
<li><b>Northern Karelian</b>: Mie voin syvvä lasie ta minla ei ole kipie.
<li><b>Southern Karelian</b>: Minä voin syvvä st'oklua dai minule ei ole kibie.
<br><b>Vepsian</b>: (NEEDED)
<br><b>Votian</b>: (NEEDED)
<br><b>Livonian</b>: (NEEDED)
<li><b>Estonian</b>: Ma võin klaasi süüa, see ei tee mulle midagi.
<li><b>Latvian</b>: Es varu ēst stiklu, tas man nekaitē.
<li><b>Lithuanian</b>: Aš galiu valgyti stiklą ir jis manęs nežeidžia
<br><b>Old Prussian</b>: (NEEDED)
<br><b>Sorbian</b> (Wendish): (NEEDED)
<li><b>Czech</b>: Mohu jíst sklo, neublíží mi.
<li><b>Slovak</b>: Môžem jesť sklo. Nezraní ma.
<li><b>Polska / Polish</b>: Mogę jeść szkło i mi nie szkodzi.
<li><b>Slovenian:</b> Lahko jem steklo, ne da bi mi škodovalo.

<!--
<li><b>Croatian</b>: Ja mogu jesti staklo i ne boli me.
Serbian translation is very poor. Infinitive used and sound as: "I can 
eating glass".
<li><b>Serbian</b> <i>(Latin):</i> Mogu jesti staklo a da mi ne škodi.
<li><b>Serbian</b> <i>(Cyrillic):</i> Могу јести стакло 
а
да ми 
не 
шкоди.
<li><b>Serbian</b> <i>(Latin):</i> Ja mogu da jedem staklo.
<li><b>Serbian</b> <i>(Cyrillic)</i>: Ја могу да једем стакло.
<li><b>Macedonian:</b> Можам да јадам стакло, а не ме штета.
-->
<li><b>Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian</b> <i>(Latin)</i>: Ja mogu jesti staklo, i to mi ne šteti.

<li><b>Bosnian, Montenegrin and Serbian</b> <i>(Cyrillic)</i>:  Ја могу јести стакло, и то ми не штети.

<li><b>Macedonian:</b> Можам да јадам стакло, а не ме штета.
<li><b>Russian</b>: Я могу есть стекло, оно мне не вредит.
<li><b>Belarusian</b> <i>(Cyrillic):</i> Я магу есці шкло, яно мне не шкодзіць.
<li><b>Belarusian</b> <i>(Lacinka):</i> Ja mahu jeści škło, jano mne ne škodzić.
<!--
<li><b>Ukrainian</b>: Я можу їсти шкло, й воно мені не пошкодить.
-->
<li><b>Ukrainian</b>: Я можу їсти скло, і воно мені не зашкодить.

<!-- <li><b>Bulgarian</b>: Мога да ям стъкло и не ме боли. -->
<li><b>Bulgarian</b>: Мога да ям стъкло, то не ми вреди.

<li><b>Georgian</b>: მინას ვჭამ და არა მტკივა.
<li><b>Armenian</b>: Կրնամ ապակի ուտել և ինծի անհանգիստ չըներ։
<li><b>Albanian</b>: Unë mund të ha qelq dhe nuk më gjen gjë.
<li><b>Turkish</b>: Cam yiyebilirim, bana zararı dokunmaz.
<li><b>Turkish</b> <i>(Ottoman):</i> جام  ييه بلورم  بڭا  ضررى  طوقونمز
<li><b>Tatar</b>: Алам да бар, пыяла, әмма бу ранит мине.

<li><b>Uzbek</b> / <b>O&#8217;zbekcha:</b> <i>(Roman):</i>  Men shisha yeyishim mumkin, ammo u menga zarar keltirmaydi.
<li><b>Uzbek</b> / <b>Ўзбекча</b> <i>(Cyrillic)</i>: 
Мен шиша ейишим мумкин, аммо у менга зарар келтирмайди.

<li><b>Bangla / Bengali</b>:
আমি কাঁচ খেতে পারি, তাতে আমার কোনো ক্ষতি হয় না। 
<li><b>Marathi</b>: मी काच खाऊ शकतो, मला ते दुखत नाही.

<!--
<li><b>Hindi</b>: मैं काँच खा सकता हूँ, मुझे उस से कोई पीडा नहीं होती.
-->

<li><b>Kannada</b>:


ನನಗೆ ಹಾನಿ ಆಗದೆ, ನಾನು ಗಜನ್ನು ತಿನಬಹುದು


<!--

 (ಕನ್ನಡ): ಎಲ್ಲಾದರೂ ಇರು, ಎಂತಾದರು ಇರು, ಎಂದೆಂದಿಗೂ ನೀ ಕನ್ನಡವಾಗಿರು, ಕನ್ನಡವೇ ಸತ್ಯ.. ಕನ್ನಡವೇ ನಿತ್ಯ..

-->

<li><b>Hindi</b>: मैं काँच खा सकता हूँ और मुझे उससे कोई चोट नहीं पहुंचती.


<li><b>Malayalam</b>:

എനിക്ക് ഗ്ലാസ് തിന്നാം. അതെന്നെ വേദനിപ്പിക്കില്ല.


<li><b>Tamil</b>: நான் கண்ணாடி சாப்பிடுவேன், அதனால் எனக்கு ஒரு கேடும் வராது.


<li><b>Telugu</b>: నేను గాజు తినగలను మరియు అలా చేసినా నాకు  ఏమి ఇబ్బంది  లేదు


<li><b>Sinhalese</b>: මට වීදුරු කෑමට හැකියි. එයින් මට කිසි හානියක් සිදු නොවේ.

<li><b>Urdu</b><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: <span dir="RTL" lang=UR>
 میں کانچ کھا سکتا ہوں اور مجھے تکلیف نہیں ہوتی ۔</span>
<li><b>Pashto</b><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: زه شيشه خوړلې شم، هغه ما نه خوږوي
<li><b>Farsi / Persian</b><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: .من می توانم بدونِ احساس درد شيشه بخورم
<li id="arabic"><b>Arabic</b><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: <span dir="RTL" lang=AR>أنا قادر على أكل الزجاج و هذا لا يؤلمني.</span>

<br><B>Aramaic</B>: (NEEDED)
<li><b>Maltese</b>: Nista' niekol il-&#295;&#289;ie&#289; u ma jag&#295;milli xejn.
<li id="hebrew"><B>Hebrew</B><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: <SPAN dir=rtl lang=HE>אני יכול לאכול זכוכית וזה לא מזיק לי.</SPAN>
<li><B>Yiddish</B><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: <SPAN dir=rtl lang=JI>איך קען עסן גלאָז און עס טוט מיר נישט װײ.</SPAN>
<br><b>Judeo-Arabic</b>: (NEEDED)
<br><b>Ladino</b>: (NEEDED)
<br><b>Gǝʼǝz</b>: (NEEDED)
<br><b>Amharic</b>: (NEEDED)
<li><b>Twi</b>: Metumi awe tumpan, ɜnyɜ me hwee.
<li><b>Hausa</b> (<i>Latin</i>): Inā iya taunar gilāshi kuma in gamā lāfiyā.
<li><b>Hausa</b> (<i>Ajami</i>) <a href="#notes">(2)</a>: <SPAN dir=rtl lang=HA>
إِنا إِىَ تَونَر غِلَاشِ كُمَ إِن غَمَا لَافِىَا</SPAN>
<li><b>Yoruba</b><a href="#notes">(4)</a>: Mo lè je̩ dígí, kò ní pa mí lára.
<li><b>Lingala</b>: Nakokí kolíya biténi bya milungi, ekosála ngáí mabé tɛ́.

<!--
<li><b>Lingala</b>: Nakokí kolíya biténi bya milungi, ekosála ngáí mabé tɛ́.
-->
<li><b>(Ki)Swahili</b>: Naweza kula bilauri na sikunyui.

<li><b>Malay</b>: Saya boleh makan kaca dan ia tidak mencederakan saya.
<li><b>Tagalog</b>: Kaya kong kumain nang bubog at hindi ako masaktan.
<li><b>Chamorro</b>: Siña yo' chumocho krestat, ti ha na'lalamen yo'.
<li><b>Fijian</b>: Au rawa ni kana iloilo, ia au sega ni vakacacani kina.
<li><b>Javanese</b>: Aku isa mangan beling tanpa lara.
<li><b>Burmese</b> (Unicode 4.0):
က္ယ္ဝန္‌တော္‌၊က္ယ္ဝန္‌မ မ္ယက္‌စားနုိင္‌သည္‌။ ၎က္ရောင္‌့
ထိခုိက္‌မ္ဟု မရ္ဟိပာ။
(9)

<li><b>Burmese</b> (Unicode 5.0):
ကျွန်တော် ကျွန်မ မှန်စားနိုင်တယ်။ ၎င်းကြောင့် ထိခိုက်မှုမရှိပါ။
(9)

<li><B>Vietnamese (quốc  ngữ)</B>: Tôi có thể ăn thủy tinh mà không hại gì.
<li><B>Vietnamese (nôm)</B> (<a href="#notes">4</a>): 些 𣎏 世 咹 水 晶 𦓡 空 𣎏 害 咦
<li><b>Khmer</b>:
ខ្ញុំអាចញុំកញ្ចក់បាន
ដោយគ្មានបញ្ហារ


<li><b>Lao</b>:
ຂອ້ຍກິນແກ້ວໄດ້ໂດຍທີ່ມັນບໍ່ໄດ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ຂອ້ຍເຈັບ.


<li><b>Thai</b>: ฉันกินกระจกได้ แต่มันไม่ทำให้ฉันเจ็บ
<li><b>Mongolian</b> <i>(Cyrillic):</i>   Би шил идэй чадна, надад хортой биш
<li><b>Mongolian</b> <i>(Classic)</i> (<a href="#notes">5</a>):
  ᠪᠢ  ᠰᠢᠯᠢ  ᠢᠳᠡᠶᠦ  ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠂ ᠨᠠᠳᠤᠷ  ᠬᠣᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠢ  ᠪᠢᠰᠢ
<br><b>Dzongkha</b>: (NEEDED)
<li><b>Nepali</b>: ﻿म काँच खान सक्छू र मलाई केहि नी हुन्‍न् ।

<li><b>Tibetan</b>: ཤེལ་སྒོ་ཟ་ནས་ང་ན་གི་མ་རེད།
<li><b>Chinese</b>: <span lang=zh>我能吞下玻璃而不伤身体。</span>
<li><b>Chinese</b> (Traditional):   我能吞下玻璃而不傷身體。

<li><b>Taiwanese</b><a href="#notes">(6)</a>: Góa ē-tàng chia̍h po-lê, mā bē tio̍h-siong.
<li><b>Japanese</b>: <span lang=ja>私はガラスを食べられます。それは私を傷つけません。</span>
<li><b>Korean</b>:  <span lang=ko>나는 유리를 먹을 수 있어요. 그래도 아프지 않아요</span>
<li><b>Bislama</b>: Mi save kakae glas, hemi no save katem mi.<br>
<li><b>Hawaiian</b>:  Hiki iaʻu ke ʻai i ke aniani; ʻaʻole nō lā au e ʻeha.<br>
<li><b>Marquesan</b>: E koʻana e kai i te karahi, mea ʻā, ʻaʻe hauhau.
<li><b>Inuktitut</b> (10): ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᓂᕆᔭᕌᖓᒃᑯ ᓱᕋᙱᑦᑐᓐᓇᖅᑐᖓ
 
<li><b>Chinook Jargon:</b> Naika məkmək kakshət labutay, pi weyk ukuk munk-sik nay.
<li><b>Navajo</b>: Tsésǫʼ yishą́ągo bííníshghah dóó doo shił neezgai da.
<br><b>Cherokee</b> <i>(and Cree, Chickasaw, Cree, Micmac, Ojibwa, Lakota,
N&aacute;huatl, Quechua, Aymara,
and other American languages):</i> (NEEDED)
<br><b>Garifuna</b>: (NEEDED)
<br><b>Gullah</b>: (NEEDED)
<li><b>Lojban</b>: mi kakne le nu citka le blaci .iku'i le se go'i na xrani mi
<li><b>Nórdicg</b>: Lj&#339;r ye caudran créneþ ý jor c&#7811;ran.
</ol>
<p>

<i>(Additions, corrections, completions,</i>
<a href="mailto:kermit@kermitproject.org"><i>gratefuly accepted</i></a><i>.)</i>

<p>
For testing purposes, some of these are repeated in a <b>monospace font</b>&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
<p>
<ol>
<li><tt>Euro Symbol: €.</tt>
<li><tt>Greek: Μπορώ να φάω σπασμένα γυαλιά χωρίς να πάθω τίποτα.</tt>

<li><tt>Íslenska / Icelandic: Ég  get etið gler án þess að meiða mig.</tt>

<li><tt>Polish: Mogę jeść szkło, i mi nie szkodzi.</tt>
<li><tt>Romanian: Pot să mănânc sticlă și ea nu mă rănește.</tt>
<li><tt>Ukrainian: Я можу їсти шкло, й воно мені не пошкодить.</tt>
<li><tt>Armenian: Կրնամ ապակի ուտել և ինծի անհանգիստ չըներ։</tt>
<li><tt>Georgian: მინას ვჭამ და არა მტკივა.</tt>
<li><tt>Hindi: मैं काँच खा सकता हूँ, मुझे उस से कोई पीडा नहीं होती.</tt>
<li><tt>Hebrew<a href="#notes">(2)</a>: <SPAN dir=rtl lang=HE>אני יכול לאכול זכוכית וזה לא מזיק לי.</SPAN></tt>
<li><tt>Yiddish<a href="#notes">(2)</a>: <SPAN dir=rtl lang=JI>איך קען עסן גלאָז און עס טוט מיר נישט װײ.</SPAN></tt>
<li><tt>Arabic<a href="#notes">(2)</a>: <span dir="RTL" lang=AR>أنا قادر على أكل الزجاج و هذا لا يؤلمني.</span></tt>
<li><tt>Japanese: <span lang=ja>私はガラスを食べられます。それは私を傷つけません。</span></tt>
<li><tt>Thai: ฉันกินกระจกได้ แต่มันไม่ทำให้ฉันเจ็บ</tt>
</ol>
<p>

<b><a name="notes">Notes:</a></b>

<p>
<ol>

<li>The "I can eat glass" phrase and initial translations (about 30 of them)
were borrowed from Ethan Mollick's <a
href="http://hcs.harvard.edu/~igp/glass.html">I Can Eat Glass</a> page
(which disappeared on or about June 2004) and converted to UTF-8.  Since
Ethan's original page is gone, I should mention that his purpose was to offer
travelers a phrase they could use in any country that would command a
certain kind of respect, or at least get attention.  See <a
href="#credits">Credits</a> for the many additional contributions since
then.  When submitting new entries, the word "hurt" (if you have a choice)
is used in the sense of "cause harm", "do damage", or "bother", rather than
"inflict pain" or "make sad".  In this vein Otto Stolz comments (as do
others further down; personally I think it's better for the purpose of this
page to have extra entries and/or to show a greater repertoire of characters
than it is to enforce a strict interpretation of the word "hurt"!):

<p>
<blockquote>

This is the meaning I have translated to the Swabian dialect.

However, I just have noticed that most of the German variants
translate the "inflict pain" meaning. The German example should 
read:

<p>
<blockquote>
"Ich kann Glas essen ohne mir zu schaden."
</blockquote>
<p>

rather than:

<p>
<blockquote>
"Ich kann Glas essen, ohne mir weh zu tun."
</blockquote>
<p>

(The comma fell victim to the 1996 orthographic reform,
cf. <a href="http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76"><tt>http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76</tt></a>.

<p>

You may wish to contact the contributors of the following translations
to correct them:

<p>
<ul>

<li> Lëtzebuergescht / Luxemburgish: Ech kan Glas iessen, daat deet mir nët wei.
<li> Lausitzer Mundart ("Lusatian"): Ich koann Gloos assn und doas dudd merr ni wii.
<li> Sächsisch / Saxon: 'sch kann Glos essn, ohne dass'sch mer wehtue.
<li> Bayrisch / Bavarian: I koh Glos esa, und es duard ma ned wei.
<li> Allemannisch: I kaun Gloos essen, es tuat ma ned weh.
<li> Schwyzerdütsch: Ich chan Glaas ässe, das tuet mir nöd weeh.
</ul>
<p>

In contrast, I deem the following translations *alright*:

<p>
<ul>

<li> Ruhrdeutsch: Ich kann Glas verkasematuckeln, ohne dattet mich wat jucken tut.
<li> Pfälzisch: Isch konn Glass fresse ohne dasses mer ebbes ausmache dud.
<li> Schwäbisch / Swabian: I kå Glas frässa, ond des macht mr nix!
</ul>
<p>

(However, you could remove the commas, on account of
<a href="http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76"><tt>http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76</tt></a>
and

<a href="http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P72"><tt>http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P72</tt></a>, respectively.)

<p>

I guess, also these examples translate the <i>wrong</i> sense of "hurt",
though I do not know these languages well enough to assert them
definitely:

<p>
<ul>

<li> Nederlands / Dutch: Ik kan glas eten; het doet mĳ geen
pĳn. <i>(This one has been changed)</i>
<li> Kirchröadsj/Bôchesserplat: Iech ken glaas èèse, mer 't deet miech jing pieng.

</ul>
<p>

In the Romanic languages, the variations on "fa male" (it) are probably
wrong, whilst the variations on "hace daño" (es) and "damaĝas" (Esperanto) are probably correct; "nocet" (la) is definitely right.

<p>

The northern Germanic variants of "skada" are probably right, as are
the Slavic variants of "škodi/шкоди" (se); however the Slavic variants
of " boli" (hv) are probably wrong, as "bolena" means "pain/ache", IIRC.

</blockquote>
<p>
That was from July 2004.  In December 2007, Otto writes again:

<p>
<blockquote>
<small>
Hello Frank,

in days of yore, I had written:<br>
&gt;     "Ich kann Glas essen ohne mir zu schaden." <br>
&gt; (The comma fell victim to the 1996 orthographic reform,
<p>
cf. <a href="http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76">http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76</a>. 
<p>

The latest revision (2006) of the official German orthography
has revived the comma around infinitive clauses commencing with
<i>ohne</i>, or 5 other conjunctions, or depending from a noun or
from an announcing demonstrative
(<a href="http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/regeln2006.pdf">http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/regeln2006.pdf</a>, &sect;75).
So, it's again: <i>Ich kann Glas essen, ohne mir zu schaden.</i>
<p>
Best wishes,<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Otto Stolz
</small>
</blockquote>
<p>

<li>The numbering of the samples is arbitrary, done only to keep track of how
many there are, and can change any time a new entry is added.  The
arrangement is also arbitrary but with some attempt to group related
examples together.  Note: All languages not listed are wanted, not just the
ones that say (NEEDED).

<p>

<li><a name="note1">Correct right-to-left display of these languages
depends on the capabilities of your browser.</a>  The period should
appear on the left.  In the monospace Yiddish example, the Yiddish digraphs
should occupy one character cell.

<p>

<li>Yoruba: The third word is Latin letter small 'j' followed by
small 'e' with U+0329, Combining Vertical Line Below.  This displays
correctly only if your Unicode font includes the U+0329 glyph and your
browser supports combining diacritical marks.  The Lingala and Indic examples
also include combining sequences.  

<p>

<li>Includes Unicode 3.1 (or later) characters beyond Plane 0.

<p>

<li>The Classic Mongolian example should be vertical, top-to-bottom and 
left-to-right.  But such display is almost impossible.  Also no font yet
exists which provides the proper ligatures and positional variants for the
characters of this script, which works somewhat like Arabic.

<p>

<li>Taiwanese is also known as Holo or Hoklo, and is related to Southern
Min dialects such as Amoy.
Contributed by Henry H. Tan-Tenn, who comments, "The above is
the romanized version, in a script current among Taiwanese Christians since
the mid-19th century.  It was invented by British missionaries and saw use in
hundreds of published works, mostly of a religious nature.  Most Taiwanese did
not know Chinese characters then, or at least not well enough to read.  More
to the point, though, a written standard using Chinese characters has never
developed, so a significant minority of words are represented with different
candidate characters, depending on one's personal preference or etymological
theory.  In this sentence, for example, "-tàng", "chia̍h",
"mā" and "bē" are problematic using Chinese characters.
"Góa" (I/me) and "po-lê" (glass) are as written in other Sinitic
languages (e.g. Mandarin, Hakka)."

<p>

<li>Wagner Amaral of Pinese &amp; Amaral Associados notes that
the Brazilian Portuguese sentence for
"I can eat glass" should be identical to the Portuguese one, as the word
"machuca" means "inflict pain", or rather "injuries". The words "faz 
mal" would more correctly translate as "cause harm".

<p>

<li>Burmese: In English the first person pronoun "I" stands for both
genders, male and female.  In Burmese (except in the central part of Burma)
kyundaw (<font
 size="+1"
 face="Padauk">က္ယ္ဝန္‌တော္‌</font>) for male and kyanma (<font 
 size="+1" face="Padauk">က္ယ္ဝန္‌မ</font>) for female.
Using here a fully-compliant Unicode Burmese font -- sadly one and only one
Padauk Graphite font exists -- rendering using graphite engine.
<!--GONE
<a href="http://h1.ripway.com/bamarsar/">CLICK HERE</a> to test Burmese
characters. 
-->
Unicode 4.0 or older standard did not have some medial and vowel character;
the second example has them.

<p>

<li><i>From Louise Hope, 22 November 2010:</i>&nbsp;
I decided to have a go at an Inuktitut rendering, mainly in hopes of shaming someone who actually knows the language into coming up with something better.
Meanwhile, try this:
<p>
ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᓂᕆᔭᕌᖓᒃᑯ ᓱᕋᙱᑦᑐᓐᓇᖅᑐᖓ
<br>
aliguq nirijaraangakku suranngittunnaqtunga
<p>
Loosely: I am able not to hurt myself whenever I eat glass.
<p>
aliguq &gt;&gt; glass (uninflected because it is the patient of a transitive verb in an ergative language)<br>
nirijaraangakku &gt;&gt; "I eat him/her/it" in Frequentative mood (all one verb with inflectional ending, no affixes whatsoever)<br>
suranngittunnaqtunga &gt;&gt; suraq (do permanent harm) + nngit (verb-negator) + tunnaq (ability) + tunga (intransitive ending, making the verb passive or reflexive)
<p>
See above about someone who knows the language, et cetera.
<p>
Script trivia: the syllable ᙱ is a single unicode character
representing the two elements ᓐ (syllable-final n) and ᖏ
(syllable ngi). I think they just did it that way because it looks tidier
than the expected ᓐᖏ. If your operating system didn't come
with <a href="http://www.ffonts.net/Euphemia-UCAS.font">Euphemia</a> (all-purpose UCAS font), you can download <a href="http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/inuk/our-boots/piq_font.php">Pigiarniq</a>. It comes with a jolly little inuksuk ᐀ that the Unicode Consortium is trying to make into a squatter.
<p>

<!--
ᓯᖁᒥᐅᒪᓐᖏᒃᑯᓂ ᓈᒪᖕᓇᓐᖏᔾᔪᒃ
<br>
siqumiumanngikkuni naamangnanngijjuk.
-->

</ol>

<h3><a name="quickbrownfox">The Quick Brown Fox... Pangrams</a></h3>

The "I can eat glass" sentences do not necessarily show off the orthography of
each language to best advantage.  In many alphabetic written languages it is
possible to include all (or most) letters (or "special" characters) in
a single (often nonsense) <i>pangram</i>.  These were traditionally used in
typewriter instruction; now they are useful for stress-testing computer fonts
and keyboard input methods.  Here are a few examples (SEND MORE):

<p>
<ol>

<li><b>English:</b> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
<li><b>Jamaican:</b> Chruu, a kwik di kwik brong fox a jomp huova di liezi daag de, yu no siit?
<li><b>Irish:</b> "An ḃfuil do ċroí ag bualaḋ ó ḟaitíos an ġrá a ṁeall lena ṗóg éada ó
ṡlí do leasa ṫú?"
"D'ḟuascail Íosa Úrṁac na hÓiġe Beannaiṫe pór Éava agus Áḋaiṁ."
<li><b>Dutch:</b> Pa's wĳze lynx bezag vroom het fikse aquaduct.
<li><b>German: </b>  Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden
größeren Zwerg.  (1)
<li><b>German: </b> <span lang=da>Im finſteren Jagdſchloß am offenen Felsquellwaſſer patzte der affig-flatterhafte kauzig-höf‌liche Bäcker über ſeinem verſifften kniffligen C-Xylophon.</span> (2)
<li><b>Norwegian:</b> Blåbærsyltetøy ("blueberry jam", includes every
extra letter used in Norwegian).
<li><b>Swedish:</b>  Flygande bäckasiner söka strax hwila på mjuka tuvor.
<li><b>Icelandic:</b> Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt.
<li><b>Finnish:</b> (5) Törkylempijävongahdus (This is a perfect pangram, every letter appears only once. Translating it is an art on its own, but I'll say "rude lover's yelp". :-D)
<li><b>Finnish:</b> (5) Albert osti fagotin ja töräytti puhkuvan melodian. (Albert bought a bassoon and hooted an impressive melody.)
<li><b>Finnish:</b> (5) On sangen hauskaa, että polkupyörä on maanteiden jokapäiväinen ilmiö. (It's pleasantly amusing, that the bicycle is an everyday sight on the roads.)
<li><b>Polish:</b> Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub osiem skrzyń fig.
<li><b>Czech:</b> Příliš
žluťoučký kůň úpěl
ďábelské kódy.
<li><b>Slovak:</b> Starý kôň na hŕbe
kníh žuje tíško povädnuté
ruže, na stĺpe sa ďateľ
učí kvákať novú ódu o
živote.

<li><b>Slovenian:</b>
Šerif bo za domačo vajo spet kuhal žgance.

<li><b>Greek</b> (monotonic):
ξεσκεπάζω την ψυχοφθόρα βδελυγμία

<li><b>Greek</b> (polytonic):
ξεσκεπάζω τὴν ψυχοφθόρα βδελυγμία


<li><b>Russian:</b>
Съешь же ещё этих мягких французских булок да выпей чаю.

<li><b>Russian:</b>
В чащах юга жил-был цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! ёъ.

<li><b>Bulgarian:</b> Жълтата дюля беше щастлива, че пухът, който цъфна, замръзна като гьон.

<li><b>Sami (Northern):</b> Vuol Ruoŧa geđggiid leat máŋga luosa ja čuovžža.
<li><b>Hungarian:</b> Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép.
<li><b>Spanish:</b> El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro.
<li><b>Spanish:</b> Volé cigüeña que jamás cruzó París, exhibe flor de kiwi y atún.
<li><b>Portuguese:</b> O próximo vôo à noite sobre o Atlântico, põe freqüentemente o único médico. (3)
<li><b>French:</b> Les naïfs ægithales hâtifs pondant à Noël où il gèle sont sûrs d'être 
déçus en voyant leurs drôles d'œufs abîmés.

<li><b>Esperanto:</b> Eĥoŝanĝo
ĉiuĵaŭde.

<li><b>Hebrew:</b> <span dir="RTL" lang=HE>זה כיף סתם לשמוע איך תנצח קרפד עץ טוב בגן.</span>

<li><b>Japanese</b> (Hiragana):<blockquote>
いろはにほへど　ちりぬるを<br>
わがよたれぞ　つねならむ<br>
うゐのおくやま　けふこえて<br>
あさきゆめみじ　ゑひもせず
(4)
</blockquote>

</ol>
<p id="oechtringen">
<a name="notes2"><b>Notes:</b></a>
<p>
<ol>

<li>Other phrases commonly used in Germany include: "Ein wackerer Bayer
vertilgt ja bequem zwo Pfund Kalbshaxe" and, more recently, "Franz jagt im
komplett verwahrlosten Taxi quer durch Bayern", but both lack umlauts and
esszet.  Previously, going for the shortest sentence that has all the
umlauts and special characters, I had
"Grüße aus Bärenhöfe
(und Óechtringen)!"
Acute accents are not used in native German words, so I was surprised to
discover "Óechtringen" in the Deutsche Bundespost 
Postleitzahlenbuch:
<p>
<blockquote>
<a href="http://www.columbia.edu/~fdc/misc/oechtringen.jpg"><img
 src="http://kermitproject.org/oechtringen-sm.jpg" alt="Click for full-size image (2.8MB)"></a>
</blockquote>
<p>
It's a small village in eastern Lower Saxony.
The "oe" in this case
turns out to be the Lower Saxon "lengthening e" (Dehnungs-e), which makes the
previous vowel long (used in a number of Lower Saxon place names such as Soest
and Itzehoe), not the "e" that indicates umlaut of the preceding vowel.
Many thanks to the Óechtringen-Namenschreibungsuntersuchungskomitee
(Alex Bochannek, Manfred Erren, Asmus Freytag, Christoph P&auml;per, plus
Werner Lemberg who serves as
Óechtringen-Namenschreibungsuntersuchungskomiteerechtschreibungsprüfer)

for their relentless pursuit of the facts in this case. Conclusion: the
accent almost certainly does not belong on this (or any other native German)
word, but neither can it be dismissed as dirt on the page.  To add to the
mystery, it has been reported that other copies of the same edition of the
PLZB do not show the accent!  UPDATE (March 2006): David Krings was
intrigued enough by this report to contact the mayor of Ebstorf, of which
Oechtringen is a borough, who responded:

<p>
<blockquote style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:80%">
Sehr geehrter Mr. Krings,<br>
wenn Oechtringen irgendwo mit einem Akzent auf dem O geschrieben wurde,
dann kann das nur ein Fehldruck sein. Die offizielle Schreibweise lautet
jedenfalls „Oechtringen“.<br>
Mit freundlichen Grüssen<br>
Der Samtgemeindebürgermeister<br>
i.A. Lothar Jessel

</blockquote>


<p>
<li>From Karl Pentzlin (Kochel am See, Bavaria, Germany):
"This German phrase is suited for display by a Fraktur (broken letter)
font. It contains: all common three-letter ligatures: ffi ffl fft and all
two-letter ligatures required by the Duden for Fraktur typesetting: ch ck ff
fi fl ft ll ſch ſi ſſ ſt tz (all in a
manner such they are not part of a three-letter ligature), one example of f-l
where German typesetting rules prohibit ligating (marked by a ZWNJ), and all
German letters a...z, ä,ö,ü,ß, ſ [long s]
(all in a manner such that they are not part of a two-letter Fraktur
ligature)."

Otto Stolz notes that "'Schloß' is now spelled 'Schloss', in
contrast to 'größer' (example 4) which has kept its
'ß'.  Fraktur has been banned from general use, in 1942, and long-s
(ſ) has ceased to be used with Antiqua (Roman) even earlier (the
latest Antiqua-ſ I have seen is from 1913, but then
I am no expert, so there may well be a later instance."  Later Otto confirms
the latter theory, "Now I've run across a book “Deutsche
Rechtschreibung” (edited by Lutz Mackensen) from 1954 (my reprint
is from 1956) that has kept the Antiqua-ſ in its dictionary part (but
neither in the preface nor in the appendix)."

<p>

<li>Diaeresis is not used in Iberian Portuguese.  Also this pangram
is missing a-tilde (&atilde;) so it's a p&aelig;npangram.

<p>

<li>From Yurio Miyazawa: "This poetry contains all the sounds in the
Japanese language and used to be the first thing for children to learn in
their Japanese class. The Hiragana version is particularly neat because it
covers every character in the phonetic Hiragana character set."  Yurio also
sent the Kanji version:

<p>
<blockquote>
色は匂へど 散りぬるを<br>
我が世誰ぞ 常ならむ<br>
有為の奥山 今日越えて<br>
浅き夢見じ 酔ひもせず
</blockquote>

<li>Finnish pangrams from Mikko Ristilä.

</ol>
<p>
<b>Accented Cyrillic:</b>
<p>

<i>(This section contributed by Vladimir Marinov.)</i>

<p>

In Bulgarian it is desirable, customary, or in some cases required to
write accents over vowels.  Unfortunately, no computer character sets
contain the full repertoire of accented Cyrillic letters.  With Unicode,
however, it is possible to combine any Cyrillic letter with any combining
accent.  The appearance of the result depends on the font and the rendering
engine.  Here are two examples.

<p>
<ol>

<li>Той видя бялата коса́ по главата и́ и ко́са на рамото и́, и ре́че да и́
рече́: "Пара́та по́ па́ри от па́рата, не ща пари́!", но си поми́сли: "Хей,
помисли́ си! А́ и́ река, а́ е скочила в тази река, която щеше да тече́,
а не те́че."

<p>

<li>По пъ́тя пъту́ват кю́рди и югославя́ни.  

</ol>

<h3><a name="html">HTML Features</a></h3>

Here is the Russian alphabet (uppercase only) coded in three
different ways, which should look identical:

<p>
<ol>
<li>АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ
&nbsp; <i>(Literal UTF-8)</i>
<li>&#1040;&#1041;&#1042;&#1043;&#1044;&#1045;&#1046;&#1047;&#1048;&#1049;&#1050;&#1051;&#1052;&#1053;&#1054;&#1055;&#1056;&#1057;&#1058;&#1059;&#1060;&#1061;&#1062;&#1063;&#1064;&#1065;&#1066;&#1067;&#1068;&#1069;&#1070;&#1071;
&nbsp; <i>(Decimal numeric character reference)</i>
<li>&#x0410;&#x0411;&#x0412;&#x0413;&#x0414;&#x0415;&#x0416;&#x0417;&#x0418;&#x0419;&#x041a;&#x041b;&#x041c;&#x041d;&#x041e;&#x041f;&#x0420;&#x0421;&#x0422;&#x0423;&#x0424;&#x0425;&#x0426;&#x0427;&#x0428;&#x0429;&#x042a;&#x042b;&#x042c;&#x042d;&#x042e;&#x042f;
&nbsp; <i>(Hexadecimal numeric character reference)</i>
</ol>

<p>

In another test, we use HTML language tags to distinguish Bulgarian, Russian,
and <a href="http://www.tiro.com/transfer/Serbian_Rendering.pdf">Serbian</a>, 
which have different italic forms for lowercase
б, г, д, п, and/or т:
<p>
<blockquote>
<table>
<tr>
<td><b>Bulgarian</b>: &nbsp;
<td><span lang=BG>[&nbsp;бгдпт</span>&nbsp;] &nbsp;
<td><span lang=BG>[&nbsp;<i>бгдпт</i></span>&nbsp;] &nbsp;
<td><span lang=BG><i> Мога да ям стъкло и не ме боли.</i></span>
<tr>
<td><b>Russian</b>:
<td><span lang=RU>[&nbsp;бгдпт</span>&nbsp;] &nbsp;
<td><span lang=RU>[&nbsp;<i>бгдпт</i></span>&nbsp;] &nbsp;
<td><span lang=RU><i>Я могу есть стекло, это мне не вредит.</i></span>
<tr>
<td><b>Serbian</b>:
<td><span lang=SR>[&nbsp;бгдпт</span>&nbsp;] &nbsp;
<td><span lang=SR>[&nbsp;<i>бгдпт</i></span>&nbsp;] &nbsp;
<td> <span lang=SR><i>Могу јести стакло 
а
да ми 
не 
шкоди.</i></span>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p>

<!-- acknowledgments -->
<h3><a name="credits">Credits, Tools, and Commentary</a></h3>

<dl>
<dt><b>Credits:</b></dt>
<dd>
The "I can eat glass" phrase and the initial collection of translations:
<a href="http://hcs.harvard.edu/~igp/glass.html">Ethan Mollick</a>.
Transcription / conversion to UTF-8: Frank da&nbsp;Cruz.
<b>Albanian:</b> Sindi Keesan.
<b>Afrikaans:</b> Johan Fourie, Kevin Poalses.
<b>Anglo Saxon:</b> Frank da&nbsp;Cruz.
<b>Arabic:</b> Najib Tounsi.
<b>Armenian:</b> Vaçe Kundakçı.
<b>Belarusian:</b> Alexey Chernyak, Patricia Clausnitzer.
<b>Bengali:</b> Somnath Purkayastha, Deepayan Sarkar.
<b>Bislama:</b> Dan McGarry.
<b>Bosnian:</b> Dmitrij D. Czarkoff.
<b>Braille:</b> Frank da&nbsp;Cruz.
<b>Bulgarian:</b> Sindi Keesan, Guentcho Skordev, Vladimir Marinov.
<b>Burmese:</b> "cetanapa", Sithu Thwin.
<b>Cabo Verde Creole:</b> Cláudio Alexandre Duarte.
<b>Catal&aacute;n:</b>  Jordi Bancells.
<b>Chinese:</b> Jack Soo, Wong Pui Lam.
<b>Chinook Jargon:</b> David Robertson.
<b>Cornish:</b> Chris Stephens.
<b>Croatian:</b> Dmitrij D. Czarkoff, Marjan Baće.
<b>Czech:</b> Stanislav Pecha, Radovan Garabík.
<b>Danish:</b> Morten Due Jorgensen.
<b>Dutch:</b> Peter Gotink. Pim Blokland, Rob Daniel, Rob de Wit.
<b>Erzian:</b> Jack Rueter.
<b>Esperanto:</b> Franko Luin, Radovan Garabík.
<b>Estonian:</b> Meelis Roos.
<b>Faroese:</b> J&oacute;n Gaasedal.
<b>Farsi/Persian:</b> Payam Elahi.
<b>Fijian:</b> Paul Cannon.
<b>Finnish:</b> Sampsa Toivanen, Mikko Ristilä.
<b>French:</b> Luc Carissimo, Anne Colin du&nbsp;Terrail, Sean M. Burke, Theo Morelli.
<b>Galician:</b> Laura Probaos.
<b>Georgian:</b> Giorgi Lebanidze.
<b>German:</b> Christoph Päper, Otto Stolz, Karl Pentzlin, David Krings,
Frank da&nbsp;Cruz, Peter Keel (Seegras), Elias Glantschnig.
<b>Gothic:</b> Aur&eacute;lien Coudurier.
<b>Greek:</b> Ariel Glenn, Constantine Stathopoulos, Siva Nataraja, Christos Georgiou.
<b>Hebrew:</b> Jonathan Rosenne, Tal Barnea.
<b>Hausa:</b> Malami Buba, Tom Gewecke.
<b>Hawaiian:</b> na Hauʻoli Motta, Anela de&nbsp;Rego, Kaliko Trapp.
<b>Hindi:</b> Shirish Kalele, Nitin Dahra.
<b>Hungarian:</b> András Rácz, Mark Holczhammer.
<b>Icelandic:</b> Andrés Magnússon, Sveinn Baldursson.
<b>International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA):</b> Siva Nataraja / Vincent Ramos.
<b>Inuktitut</b>: Louise Hope.
<b>Irish:</b> Michael Everson, Marion Gunn, James Kass, Curtis Clark.
<b>Italian:</b> Thomas De Bellis.
<b>Jamaican:</b> Stephen J. Cherin.
<b>Japanese:</b> Makoto Takahashi, Yurio Miyazawa.
<b>Kannada:</b> Sridhar&nbsp;R&nbsp;N, Alok G. Singh.
<b>Karelian:</b> Aleksandr Semakov.
<b>Khmer:</b> Tola Sann.
<b>Kirchröadsj:</b> Roger Stoffers.
<b>Kreyòl:</b> Sean M. Burke.
<b>Korean:</b> Jungshik Shin.
<b>Langenfelder Platt:</b> David Krings.
<b>Lao:</b> Tola Sann.
<b>Lëtzebuergescht:</b> Stefaan Eeckels.
<b>Lingala:</b> <a href="http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo">Denis Moyogo Jacquerye</a>
(<a href="http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/">Nkóta ya Kɔ́ngɔ míbalé </a>)
(Nkóta ya Kɔ́ngɔ míbal).
<b>Lithuanian:</b> Gediminas Grigas.
<b>Lojban:</b> Edward Cherlin.
<b>Lusatian:</b> Ronald Schaffhirt.
<b>Macedonian:</b> Sindi Keesan.
<b>Malay:</b> Zarina Mustapha.
<b>Malayalam:</b> Anil Matthews, Bobby Jacob.
<b>Maltese:</b> Kenneth Joseph Vella.
<b>Manx:</b> &Eacute;anna &Oacute; Br&aacute;daigh.
<b>Marathi:</b> Shirish Kalele.
<b>Marquesan:</b> Kaliko Trapp.
<b>Middle English:</b> Frank da&nbsp;Cruz.
<b>Milanese:</b> Marco Cimarosti.
<b>Mongolian:</b> Tom Gewecke.
<b>Montenegran:</b> Dmitrij D. Czarkoff.
<b>Napoletano:</b> Diego Quintano.
<b>Navajo:</b> Tom Gewecke.
<a href="http://www.langmaker.com/db/mdl_nordicg.htm"><b>Nórdicg</b></a>:
Y&#7811;lyan Rott.
<b>Nepali:</b> Ujjwol Lamichhane, Rabi Tripathi.
<b>Norwegian:</b> Herman Ranes, Håvard Kvålen.
<b>Odenwälderisch:</b> Alexander He&szlig;.
<b>Old Irish:</b> Michael Everson.
<b>Old Norse:</b> Andrés Magnússon.
<b>Papiamentu:</b> Bianca and Denise Zanardi.
<b>Pashto:</b> N.R. Liwal.
<b>Pfälzisch:</b> Dr. Johannes Sander.
<b>Picard:</b> Philippe Mennecier.
<b>Polish:</b> Juliusz Chroboczek, Paweł Przeradowski, Wlodzislaw Kostecki.
<b>Portuguese:</b> "Cláudio" Alexandre Duarte, Bianca and Denise
Zanardi, Pedro Palhoto Matos, Wagner Amaral.
<b>Québécois:</b> Laurent Detillieux.
<b>Roman:</b> Pierpaolo Bernardi.
<b>Romanian:</b> Juliusz Chroboczek, Ionel Mugurel.
<b>Romansch:</b> Alexandre Suter.
<b>Ruhrdeutsch:</b> "Timwi".
<b>Russian:</b> Alexey Chernyak, Serge Nesterovitch.
<b>Sami:</b> Anne Colin du&nbsp;Terrail, Luc Carissimo.
<b>Sanskrit:</b> Siva Nataraja / Vincent Ramos.
<b>Sächsisch:</b> André Müller.
<b>Schwäbisch:</b> Otto Stolz.
<b>Scots:</b> Jonathan Riddell.
<b>Serbian:</b> Dmitrij D. Czarkoff, Sindi Keesan, Ranko Narancic, Boris Daljevic, Szilvia Csorba,
O.&nbsp;Dag. 
<b>Sinhalese:</b> Abdul-Ahad (ASM).
<b>Slovak:</b> G. Adam Stanislav, Radovan Garabík.
<b>Slovenian:</b> Albert Kolar, Primož Gabrijelčič.
<b>Spanish:</b> <a href="http://www.aleida.net">Aleida Morel</a>,
Laura Probaos, Ricardo Cancho Niemietz.
<b>Swahili:</b> Ronald Schaffhirt.
<b>Swedish:</b> Christian Rose, Bengt Larsson.
<b>Taiwanese:</b> Henry H. Tan-Tenn.
<b>Tagalog:</b> Jim Soliven.
<b>Tamil:</b> Vasee Vaseeharan, Vetrivel P.
<b>Tatar:</b> Timur.
<b>Telugu:</b> Arjuna Rao Chavala.
<b>Tibetan:</b> D. Germano, Tom Gewecke.
<b>Thai:</b> Alan Wood's wife.
<b>Turkish:</b> Vaçe Kundakçı, Tom Gewecke, Merlign Olnon.
<b>Ukrainian:</b> Michael Zajac, Oleg Podsadny.
<b>Ulster Gaelic:</b> Ciarán Ó Duibhín.
<b>Uzbek:</b> Daniyar Nurgaliev.

<b>Urdu:</b> Mustafa Ali.
<a href="http://nomfoundation.org/"><b>Vietnamese</b></a>: Dixon Au,
[James] Đỗ Bá Phước
<font face="PMingLiU">&#x675c; &#x4f2f; &#x798f;</font>.
<b>Walloon:</b> Pablo Saratxaga.
<b>Welsh:</b> Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (Andrew).
<b>Yiddish:</b> Mark David.
<b>Zeneise:</b> Angelo Pavese.

<p>

<dt><b>Tools Used to Create This Web Page:</b></dt>

<dd>The UTF8-aware <a href="k95.html">Kermit 95</a> terminal emulator on
Windows, to a Unix host with the <a
href="http://www.gnu.org/directory/emacs.html">EMACS</a> text editor.  Kermit
95 displays UTF-8 and also allows keyboard entry of arbitrary Unicode BMP
characters as 4 hex digits, as shown <a href="glass.html">HERE</a>.  Hex codes
for Unicode values can be found in <a
href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/uni2book/u2.html">The Unicode
Standard</a> (recommended) and the <a
href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/">online code charts</a>.  When
submissions arrive by email encoded in some other character set (Latin-1,
Latin-2, KOI, various PC code pages, JEUC, etc), I use the TRANSLATE command
of <a href="ckermit.html">C-Kermit</a> on the Unix host (<a
href="safe.html">where I read my mail</a>) to convert the character set to
UTF-8 (I could also use Kermit 95 for this; it has the same TRANSLATE
command).  That's it -- no "Web authoring" tools, no locales, no "smart"
anything.  It's just plain text, nothing more.  By the way, there's nothing
special about EMACS -- any text editor will do, providing it allows entry of
arbitrary 8-bit bytes as text, including the 0x80-0x9F "C1" range.  EMACS 21.1
and later actually support UTF-8; earlier versions don't know about it and display the
octal codes; either way is OK for this purpose.

<p>

<dt><b>Commentary:</b>
<dd>Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2002 13:21:59 +0100<br>
From: "Bruno DEDOMINICIS" <tt>&lt;b.dedominicis@cite-sciences.fr&gt;</tt><br>
Subject: Je peux manger du verre, cela ne me fait pas mal.

<p>

I just found out your website and it makes me feel like proposing an
interpretation of the choice of this peculiar phrase.

<p>

Glass is transparent and can hurt as everyone knows. The relation between
people and civilisations is sometimes effusional and more often rude. The
concept of breaking frontiers through globalization, in a way, is also an
attempt to deny any difference.  Isn't "transparency" the flag of modernity?
Nothing should be hidden any more, authority is obsolete, and the new powers
are supposed to reign through loving and smiling and no more through
coercion...

<p>

Eating glass without pain sounds like a very nice metaphor of this attempt.
That is, frontiers should become glass transparent first, and be denied by
incorporating them.  On the reverse, it shows that through globalization,
frontiers undergo a process of displacement, that is, when they are not any
more speakable, they become repressed from the speech and are therefore
incorporated and might become painful symptoms, as for example what happens
when one tries to eat glass.

<p>

The frontiers that used to separate bodies one from another tend to divide
bodies from within and make them suffer....  The chosen phrase then appears
as a denial of the symptom that might result from the destitution of
traditional frontiers.

<p>
Best,<br>
Bruno De Dominicis, Paris, France
</dl>

<p>
<b>Other Unicode pages onsite:</b>
<ul>
<li><a href="postal.html">Frank's Compulsive Guide to Postal Addresses</a>
(especially the <a href="postal.html#index">Index</a>)
<li><a href="http://www.columbia.edu/~fdc/pace/">Peace in All Languages</a>
<li><a href="sshclient-be.html">Kermit 95 кліента SSH</a>
(Kermit 95 SSH Client documentation in Belarusian)
<li><a href="st-erkenwald.html">Representing Middle English on the Web with UTF-8</a>
<li><a href="biblio.html">The Kermit Bibliography</a> (in UTF-8)
<li><a href="accents.html">Interchange of Non-English Computer Text</a>
(UTF-8 math and box-drawing)
<li><a href="utf8-t1.html">Unicode Table</a> (in UTF-8)
</ul>
<p>
<b>Unicode samplers and resources offsite:</b>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://rishida.net/scripts/uniview/conversion">Unicode Code
Converter</a> (converts among different Unicode
encoding forms and notations).

<li><a href="http://unicode.org/cldr/utility/confusables.jsp?a=paypal&n=on&x=on">Confusables</a> (every silver lining has a cloud).
<li><a href="http://www.seigniorage.de/">Seigniorage</a> (Central Banks worldwide).
<li>Michael Everson's
<a href="http://www.evertype.com/scriptbib.html">Bibliography of Typography
and Scripts</a>
<li><a href="http://www.code2000.net/englishtestutf.htm">Does your browser
support Unicode English?</a> (James Kass)
<li><a href="http://crism.maden.org/dunno.html">I don't know, I only work here</a>
<li><a href="http://www.trigeminal.com/samples/provincial.html">Anyone
can be provincial!</a>
<!-- defunct
<li><a href="http://www.macchiato.com/unicode/Unicode_transcriptions.html">Transcriptions of "Unicode"</a>
-->
<li><a href="http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode-example.html">Example
Unicode Usage for Business Applications</a>
<li><a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#apps">UTF-8 and
Unicode FAQ for Unix/Linux</a>
</ul>
<p>
<b>Unicode fonts:</b>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.code2000.net/">Code 2000</a> (James Kass)

<li><a href="http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/fonts.html">Unicode Fonts
for Windows Computers</a> (Alan Wood)
<li><a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs-fonts.html">Unicode Fonts and
Tools for X11</a> (Markus Kuhn)
<li><a href="http://www.evertype.com/emono/">Everson Mono</a> (Michael
Everson)
<li><a href="http://www.monotype.com">Agfa Monotype</a> (now fonts.com)
</ul>

<p>
[ <a href="k95.html">Kermit 95</a> ]
[ <a href="glass.html">K95 Screen Shots</a> ]
[ <a href="ckermit.html">C-Kermit</a> ]
[ <a href="index.html">Kermit Home</a> ]
[ <a href="http://www.unicode.org/help/display_problems.html">Display Problems?</a> ]
[ <a href="http://www.unicode.org">The Unicode Consortium</a> ]
<hr>
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