docs.rst

Implemented algorithms

The core concept in adaptive is that of a learner. A learner samples a function at the best places in its parameter space to get maximum “information” about the function. As it evaluates the function at more and more points in the parameter space, it gets a better idea of where the best places are to sample next.

Of course, what qualifies as the “best places” will depend on your application domain! adaptive makes some reasonable default choices, but the details of the adaptive sampling are completely customizable.

The following learners are implemented:

• ~adaptive.Learner1D, for 1D functions f: ℝ → ℝ^N,
• ~adaptive.Learner2D, for 2D functions f: ℝ^2 → ℝ^N,
• ~adaptive.LearnerND, for ND functions f: ℝ^N → ℝ^M,
• ~adaptive.AverageLearner, For stochastic functions where you want to average the result over many evaluations,
• ~adaptive.IntegratorLearner, for when you want to intergrate a 1D function f: ℝ → ℝ.

Meta-learners (to be used with other learners):

• ~adaptive.BalancingLearner, for when you want to run several learners at once, selecting the “best” one each time you get more points,
• ~adaptive.DataSaver, for when your function doesn't just return a scalar or a vector.

In addition to the learners, adaptive also provides primitives for running the sampling across several cores and even several machines, with built-in support for concurrent.futures, ipyparallel and distributed.

Examples

Here are some examples of how Adaptive samples vs. homogeneous sampling. Click on the Play :fa:`play` button or move the sliders.

.. jupyter-execute::
    :hide-code:

    import itertools
    import adaptive
    from adaptive.learner.learner1D import uniform_loss, default_loss
    import holoviews as hv
    import numpy as np
    adaptive.notebook_extension(_inline_js=False)
    %output holomap='scrubber'

adaptive.Learner1D

.. jupyter-execute::
    :hide-code:

    %%opts Layout [toolbar=None]
    def f(x, offset=0.07357338543088588):
        a = 0.01
        return x + a**2 / (a**2 + (x - offset)**2)

    def plot_loss_interval(learner):
        if learner.npoints >= 2:
            x_0, x_1 = max(learner.losses, key=learner.losses.get)
            y_0, y_1 = learner.data[x_0], learner.data[x_1]
            x, y = [x_0, x_1], [y_0, y_1]
        else:
            x, y = [], []
        return hv.Scatter((x, y)).opts(style=dict(size=6, color='r'))

    def plot(learner, npoints):
        adaptive.runner.simple(learner, lambda l: l.npoints == npoints)
        return (learner.plot() * plot_loss_interval(learner))[:, -1.1:1.1]

    def get_hm(loss_per_interval, N=101):
        learner = adaptive.Learner1D(f, bounds=(-1, 1),
                                     loss_per_interval=loss_per_interval)
        plots = {n: plot(learner, n) for n in range(N)}
        return hv.HoloMap(plots, kdims=['npoints'])

    (get_hm(uniform_loss).relabel('homogeneous samping')
     + get_hm(default_loss).relabel('with adaptive'))

adaptive.Learner2D

.. jupyter-execute::
    :hide-code:

    def ring(xy):
        import numpy as np
        x, y = xy
        a = 0.2
        return x + np.exp(-(x**2 + y**2 - 0.75**2)**2/a**4)

    def plot(learner, npoints):
        adaptive.runner.simple(learner, lambda l: l.npoints == npoints)
        learner2 = adaptive.Learner2D(ring, bounds=learner.bounds)
        xs = ys = np.linspace(*learner.bounds[0], learner.npoints**0.5)
        xys = list(itertools.product(xs, ys))
        learner2.tell_many(xys, map(ring, xys))
        return (learner2.plot().relabel('homogeneous grid')
                + learner.plot().relabel('with adaptive')
                + learner2.plot(tri_alpha=0.5).relabel('homogeneous sampling')
                + learner.plot(tri_alpha=0.5).relabel('with adaptive')).cols(2)

    learner = adaptive.Learner2D(ring, bounds=[(-1, 1), (-1, 1)])
    plots = {n: plot(learner, n) for n in range(4, 1010, 20)}
    hv.HoloMap(plots, kdims=['npoints']).collate()

adaptive.AverageLearner

.. jupyter-execute::
    :hide-code:

    def g(n):
        import random
        random.seed(n)
        val = random.gauss(0.5, 0.5)
        return val

    learner = adaptive.AverageLearner(g, atol=None, rtol=0.01)

    def plot(learner, npoints):
        adaptive.runner.simple(learner, lambda l: l.npoints == npoints)
        return learner.plot().relabel(f'loss={learner.loss():.2f}')

    plots = {n: plot(learner, n) for n in range(10, 10000, 200)}
    hv.HoloMap(plots, kdims=['npoints'])

adaptive.LearnerND

.. jupyter-execute::
    :hide-code:

    def sphere(xyz):
        import numpy as np
        x, y, z = xyz
        a = 0.4
        return np.exp(-(x**2 + y**2 + z**2 - 0.75**2)**2/a**4)

    learner = adaptive.LearnerND(sphere, bounds=[(-1, 1), (-1, 1), (-1, 1)])
    adaptive.runner.simple(learner, lambda l: l.npoints == 3000)

    learner.plot_3D()

see more in the :ref:`Tutorial Adaptive`.

.. mdinclude:: ../../AUTHORS.md