isValidURL.js

// Check if a JavaScript string is a URL
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5717093/check-if-a-javascript-string-is-a-url

function isValidURL(string) {
  var res = string.match(/(http(s)?:\/\/.)?(www\.)?[-a-zA-Z0-9@:%._\+~#=]{2,256}\.[a-z]{2,6}\b([-a-zA-Z0-9@:%_\+.~#?&//=]*)/g);
  return (res !== null)
};

// below function FAILED to testCase1, testCase2, testCase8
function isValidURL(str) {
  var pattern = new RegExp('^(https?:\\/\\/)?'+ // protocol
    '((([a-z\\d]([a-z\\d-]*[a-z\\d])*)\\.)+[a-z]{2,}|'+ // domain name
    '((\\d{1,3}\\.){3}\\d{1,3}))'+ // OR ip (v4) address
    '(\\:\\d+)?(\\/[-a-z\\d%_.~+]*)*'+ // port and path
    '(\\?[;&a-z\\d%_.~+=-]*)?'+ // query string
    '(\\#[-a-z\\d_]*)?$','i'); // fragment locator
  return !!pattern.test(str);
}

var testCase1 = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procter_&_Gamble";
console.log(isValidURL(testCase1)); // return true

var testCase2 = "http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&docid=nIv5rk2GyP3hXM&tbnid=isiOkMe3nCtexM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fanimalcrossing.wikia.com%2Fwiki%2FLion&ei=ygZXU_2fGKbMsQTf4YLgAQ&bvm=bv.65177938,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNEpBfKnal9kU7Zu4n7RnEt2nerN4g&ust=1398298682009707";
console.log(isValidURL(testCase2)); // return true

var testCase3 = "https://sdfasd";
console.log(isValidURL(testCase3)); // return false

var testCase4 = "dfdsfdsfdfdsfsdfs";
console.log(isValidURL(testCase4)); // return false

var testCase5 = "magnet:?xt=urn:btih:123";
console.log(isValidURL(testCase5)); // return false

var testCase6 = "https://stackoverflow.com/";
console.log(isValidURL(testCase6)); // return true

var testCase7 = "https://w";
console.log(isValidURL(testCase7)); // return false

var testCase8 = "https://sdfasdp.ppppppppppp";
console.log(isValidURL(testCase8)); // return false

var testCase9 = "google.com"
console.log(isValidURL(testCase9)); // return true

var testCase10 = "google.co"
console.log(isValidURL(testCase10)); // return true