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Payment Processing System – Explanation (Applying SOLID Principles)

This payment processing system supports multiple payment methods ( Credit Card, PayPal, Google Pay ) while ensuring scalability, flexibility, and maintainability using SOLID principles .

📌 Overview of the Code

The system consists of multiple classes, each handling a specific responsibility :

  1. PaymentService Interface → Defines a common contract for all payment methods.
  2. Payment Implementations (CreditCardPayment, PayPalPayment, GooglePayPayment) → Handle different payment methods.
  3. PaymentProcessor → Executes the payment process (authorization & completion).
  4. PaymentLogger → Logs transaction details.
  5. PaymentServiceManager → Manages payment processing, keeps main method clean.
  6. main Method → Simply triggers payment processing.

1️⃣ PaymentService Interface (OCP, ISP)

✔ Open for Extension (OCP) – New payment methods can be added without modifying existing code . ✔ Interface Segregation (ISP) – The interface only defines relevant payment-related methods.

2️⃣ Payment Implementations (LSP)

✔ Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) – CreditCardPayment, PayPalPayment, and GooglePayPayment can replace PaymentService without breaking the system.

3️⃣ PaymentProcessor (DIP, SRP)

✔ Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) – PaymentProcessor depends on an abstraction (PaymentService) instead of concrete classes. ✔ Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) – It only handles the payment process, not logging or user input .

4️⃣ PaymentLogger (SRP)

✔ SRP (Single Responsibility Principle) – This class only logs transactions , keeping logging separate from payment processing.

5️⃣ PaymentServiceManager (Manages the Payment Flow)

✔ Keeps main method clean. ✔ Manages both processing and logging in a structured way. ✔ If more functionality (like refunds) is needed, we add it here—without modifying main!

✅ How Each SOLID Principle is Applied

SOLID Principle How It Is Applied in This System
SRP (Single Responsibility Principle) PaymentProcessor handles only execution,PaymentLogger handles logging,PaymentServiceManager manages operations.
OCP (Open/Closed Principle) New payment methods (e.g.,PaytmPayment) can be added without modifying existing code .
LSP (Liskov Substitution Principle) CreditCardPayment,PayPalPayment, and GooglePayPayment can replace PaymentService without breaking the system .
ISP (Interface Segregation Principle) PaymentService onlydefines necessary methods, so classes don’t have to implement unnecessary ones.
DIP (Dependency Inversion Principle) PaymentProcessor depends on PaymentService (an abstraction), not concrete classes .

Final Benefits of This Design

✔ Modular & Maintainable – Easy to add new payment types without modifying existing classes . ✔ Flexible & Extensible – We can extend functionality (e.g., refunds, multiple currencies) without breaking the system . ✔ Testable & Scalable – Each class can be tested separately , making debugging easier. ✔ Adheres to Best Practices – The main method is clean , and concerns are well-separated.

💯 This design ensures a flexible, extensible, and scalable payment processing system following all SOLID principles.