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<h3 class="pb-3 pt-3">Inheritance Access Control</h3>
<h5 class="pt-3 pb-3">What is inheritance access control?</h5>
<ul>
<li>
When creating a derived class from a base class then, you can use different access specifiers to
inherit the data members of the base class.
</li>
<li>
The derived class can access all the non-private members of its base class. And the base class
members that are not accessible to the member functions of derived classes should be declared
private in the base class.
</li>
<li>
The access specifiers that are used are <strong>public</strong>, <strong>private</strong> and
<strong>protected</strong>.
</li>
<li>
When deriving a class from a base class, the base class may be inherited through public, private and
protected inheritance.
</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p><strong>Let us have a brief description about
these specifiers:</strong></p>
<h5 class="pt-3 pb-3">Public Inheritance</h5>
<p>When inheriting a class from a public parent class, public members of the parent class become public
members of the child class and protected members of the parent class become protected members of the
child class.</p>
<p>The parent class private members cannot be accessible directly from a child class but can be accessible
through public and protected members of the parent class.</p>
<h5 class="pt-3 pb-3">Private Inheritance</h5>
<p>When we derive from a private parent class, then public and protected members of the parent class become
private members of the child class.</p>
<h5 class="pt-3 pb-3">Protected Inheritance</h5>
<p>When deriving from a protected parent class, then public and protected members of the parent
class become protected members of the child class.</p>
<p>For example,</p>
<pre>#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class base
{
.... ... ....
};
class derived : access_specifier base
{
.... ... ....
};</pre>
<p><strong>Note: </strong>Either <strong>public</strong>, <strong>protected</strong> or
<strong>private</strong> keyword is used in place of “access_specifier” term used
in the above code.</p>
<hr />
<p class="pt-3 pb-3">Example of public, protected and private inheritance:-</p>
<pre>class base
{
public:
int a;
protected:
int b;
private:
int c;
};
class public Derived: public base
{
// a is public
// b is protected
// c is not accessible from publicDerived
};
class protectedDerived: protected base
{
// a is protected
// b is protected
// c is not accessible from protectedDerived
};
class privateDerived: private base
{
// a is private
// b is private
// c is not accessed from privateDerived
}</pre>
<p>In the above example, we observe the following things :</p>
<ol>
<li>
<code>Base</code> has three member variables: a, b and c which are “public, protected and
private” member respectively.
</li>
<li>
<code>publicDerived</code> inherits variables “a and b” as <code>public</code> and
<code>protected</code>. “C” is not
inherited as it is a private member variable of base.
</li>
<li>
<code>protecteDerived</code> inherits variables a and b. Both variables become protected. c is
not inherited
If we make a class <strong>“derivedFromProtectedDerived”</strong> from
<strong>“protectedDerived”</strong>,
variables a and b are also inherited to the derived class.
</li>
<li>
<code>privateDerived</code> inherits variables a and b. Both variables become private. c is not
inherited
If we derive a class <strong>“derivedFromPrivateDerived”</strong> from <strong>privateDerived</strong>, variables
a and b are not inherited because they are private variables of <code>privateDerived</code>.
</li>
</ol>
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