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<h3 class="pb-3 pt-3">C++ Pointers to Structure</h3>
<p>In this tutorial we are going to learn about how to use pointers to access
data from structure.</p>
<p>A pointer can have data type other than predefined data types (i.e int, float,
char or double etc.). Pointers can have user defined data types also like
Structure.</p>
<p>Let us take an example:
</p>
<pre>#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Student {
int roll;
char grade;
float per;
};
int main() {
Student S;
Student *p;
p=&S;
return 0;
}
</pre>
<p>This program creates a pointer <code>p</code> of type structure <code>student</code> which is pointing
to the memory address of variable <code>s</code> of type structure <code>student</code>.</p>
<hr />
<p><strong>Example 1 :</strong> Pointer to Structure</p>
<pre>#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Student
{
int roll;
char grade;
float per;
};
int main()
{
Student S;
Student *p;
p = &S;
cout << "Enter roll: ";
cin >> (*p).roll;
cout << "Enter grade: ";
cin >> (*p).grade;
cout << "Enter percentage: ";
cin >> (*p).per;
cout << "Displaying information." << endl;
cout << "roll = " << (*p).roll << " grade " << (*p).grade <<
"percentage"<<(*p).per;
return 0;
}
</pre>
<p>There are two ways for accessing the members of the structure through
pointer:</p>
<ol>
<li>(*p).data_member;</li>
<li>p->data_member;</li>
</ol>
<p>The second way (i.e. p->data_member) is the most easy and widely
used way with structure as well as class. So the above example can
also be written as:</p>
<pre>#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Student
{
int roll;
char grade;
float per;
};
int main()
{
Student S;
Student *p;
p = &S;
cout << "Enter roll: ";
cin >> p->roll;
cout << "Enter grade: ";
cin >> p->grade;
cout << "Enter percentage: ";
cin >> p->per;
cout << "Displaying information." << endl;
cout << "roll = " << p->roll << endl << "grade " << p->grade << endl
<<"percentage"<< p->per;
return 0;
}
</pre>
<p><strong>Output :</strong></p>
<pre>Enter roll: 10
Enter grade: A
Enter percentage: 90
Displaying information.
roll: 10
grade: A
percentage: 90</pre>
<p>In this program, a pointer variable p and normal variable <code>s</code> of type
structure <code>Student</code> is defined.</p>
<p>The address of variable <code>s</code> is stored to pointer variable, that is, <code>p</code> is pointing
to the memory address of variable <code>s</code>. Then, the member function of
variable <code>s</code> is accessed using pointer.</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Since pointer <code>p</code> is pointing to the memory address of variable <code>s</code> in this
program, <code>p->roll</code> and <code>s.roll</code> is exact same cell.</p>
<p>Similarly,<br>
<code>p->grade</code> and <code>s.grade</code> is exact same cell.<br>
<code>p->per</code> and <code>s.per</code> is exact same cell.</p>
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