mysql_secure_installation.1

'\" t
.\"     Title: mysql_secure_installation
.\"    Author: [FIXME: author] [see http://docbook.sf.net/el/author]
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 10/11/2024
.\"    Manual: MySQL Database System
.\"    Source: MySQL 9.0
.\"  Language: English
.\"
.TH "MYSQL_SECURE_INSTALLATION" "1" "10/11/2024" "MySQL 9\&.0" "MySQL Database System"
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.SH "NAME"
mysql_secure_installation \- improve MySQL installation security
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.HP \w'\fBmysql_secure_installation\fR\ 'u
\fBmysql_secure_installation\fR
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.PP
This program enables you to improve the security of your MySQL installation in the following ways:
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
You can set a password for
root
accounts\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
You can remove
root
accounts that are accessible from outside the local host\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
You can remove anonymous\-user accounts\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
You can remove the
test
database (which by default can be accessed by all users, even anonymous users), and privileges that permit anyone to access databases with names that start with
test_\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBmysql_secure_installation\fR
helps you implement security recommendations similar to those described at
Section\ \&2.9.4, \(lqSecuring the Initial MySQL Account\(rq\&.
.PP
Normal usage is to connect to the local MySQL server; invoke
\fBmysql_secure_installation\fR
without arguments:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql_secure_installation
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
When executed,
\fBmysql_secure_installation\fR
prompts you to determine which actions to perform\&.
.PP
The
validate_password
component can be used for password strength checking\&. If the plugin is not installed,
\fBmysql_secure_installation\fR
prompts the user whether to install it\&. Any passwords entered later are checked using the plugin if it is enabled\&.
.PP
Most of the usual MySQL client options such as
\fB\-\-host\fR
and
\fB\-\-port\fR
can be used on the command line and in option files\&. For example, to connect to the local server over IPv6 using port 3307, use this command:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql_secure_installation \-\-host=::1 \-\-port=3307
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
\fBmysql_secure_installation\fR
supports the following options, which can be specified on the command line or in the
[mysql_secure_installation]
and
[client]
groups of an option file\&. For information about option files used by MySQL programs, see
Section\ \&6.2.2.2, \(lqUsing Option Files\(rq\&.
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-help\fR,
\fB\-?\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--help
T}
.TE
.sp 1
Display a help message and exit\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-defaults\-extra\-file=\fR\fB\fIfile_name\fR\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--defaults-extra-file=file_name
T}
T{
Type
T}:T{
File name
T}
.TE
.sp 1
Read this option file after the global option file but (on Unix) before the user option file\&. If the file does not exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs\&. If
\fIfile_name\fR
is not an absolute path name, it is interpreted relative to the current directory\&.
.sp
For additional information about this and other option\-file options, see
Section\ \&6.2.2.3, \(lqCommand-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-defaults\-file=\fR\fB\fIfile_name\fR\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--defaults-file=file_name
T}
T{
Type
T}:T{
File name
T}
.TE
.sp 1
Use only the given option file\&. If the file does not exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs\&. If
\fIfile_name\fR
is not an absolute path name, it is interpreted relative to the current directory\&.
.sp
For additional information about this and other option\-file options, see
Section\ \&6.2.2.3, \(lqCommand-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-defaults\-group\-suffix=\fR\fB\fIstr\fR\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--defaults-group-suffix=str
T}
T{
Type
T}:T{
String
T}
.TE
.sp 1
Read not only the usual option groups, but also groups with the usual names and a suffix of
\fIstr\fR\&. For example,
\fBmysql_secure_installation\fR
normally reads the
[client]
and
[mysql_secure_installation]
groups\&. If this option is given as
\fB\-\-defaults\-group\-suffix=_other\fR,
\fBmysql_secure_installation\fR
also reads the
[client_other]
and
[mysql_secure_installation_other]
groups\&.
.sp
For additional information about this and other option\-file options, see
Section\ \&6.2.2.3, \(lqCommand-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-host=\fR\fB\fIhost_name\fR\fR,
\fB\-h \fR\fB\fIhost_name\fR\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--host
T}
.TE
.sp 1
Connect to the MySQL server on the given host\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-no\-defaults\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--no-defaults
T}
.TE
.sp 1
Do not read any option files\&. If program startup fails due to reading unknown options from an option file,
\fB\-\-no\-defaults\fR
can be used to prevent them from being read\&.
.sp
The exception is that the
\&.mylogin\&.cnf
file is read in all cases, if it exists\&. This permits passwords to be specified in a safer way than on the command line even when
\fB\-\-no\-defaults\fR
is used\&. To create
\&.mylogin\&.cnf, use the
\fBmysql_config_editor\fR
utility\&. See
mysql_config_editor(1)\&.
.sp
For additional information about this and other option\-file options, see
Section\ \&6.2.2.3, \(lqCommand-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-password=\fR\fB\fIpassword\fR\fR,
\fB\-p \fR\fB\fIpassword\fR\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l
lB l
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--password=password
T}
T{
Type
T}:T{
String
T}
T{
Default Value
T}:T{
[none]
T}
.TE
.sp 1
This option is accepted but ignored\&. Whether or not this option is used,
\fBmysql_secure_installation\fR
always prompts the user for a password\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-port=\fR\fB\fIport_num\fR\fR,
\fB\-P \fR\fB\fIport_num\fR\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l
lB l
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--port=port_num
T}
T{
Type
T}:T{
Numeric
T}
T{
Default Value
T}:T{
3306
T}
.TE
.sp 1
For TCP/IP connections, the port number to use\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-print\-defaults\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--print-defaults
T}
.TE
.sp 1
Print the program name and all options that it gets from option files\&.
.sp
For additional information about this and other option\-file options, see
Section\ \&6.2.2.3, \(lqCommand-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-protocol={TCP|SOCKET|PIPE|MEMORY}\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l
lB l
lB l
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--protocol=type
T}
T{
Type
T}:T{
String
T}
T{
Default Value
T}:T{
[see text]
T}
T{
Valid Values
T}:T{
.PP
TCP
.PP
SOCKET
.PP
PIPE
.PP
MEMORY
T}
.TE
.sp 1
The transport protocol to use for connecting to the server\&. It is useful when the other connection parameters normally result in use of a protocol other than the one you want\&. For details on the permissible values, see
Section\ \&6.2.7, \(lqConnection Transport Protocols\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-socket=\fR\fB\fIpath\fR\fR,
\fB\-S \fR\fB\fIpath\fR\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--socket={file_name|pipe_name}
T}
T{
Type
T}:T{
String
T}
.TE
.sp 1
For connections to
localhost, the Unix socket file to use, or, on Windows, the name of the named pipe to use\&.
.sp
On Windows, this option applies only if the server was started with the
named_pipe
system variable enabled to support named\-pipe connections\&. In addition, the connection must be a member of the Windows group specified by the
named_pipe_full_access_group
system variable\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-ssl*\fR
Options that begin with
\fB\-\-ssl\fR
specify whether to connect to the server using encryption and indicate where to find SSL keys and certificates\&. See
the section called \(lqCommand Options for Encrypted Connections\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-ssl\-fips\-mode={OFF|ON|STRICT}\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l
lB l
lB l
lB l
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--ssl-fips-mode={OFF|ON|STRICT}
T}
T{
Deprecated
T}:T{
Yes
T}
T{
Type
T}:T{
Enumeration
T}
T{
Default Value
T}:T{
OFF
T}
T{
Valid Values
T}:T{
.PP
OFF
.PP
ON
.PP
STRICT
T}
.TE
.sp 1
Controls whether to enable FIPS mode on the client side\&. The
\fB\-\-ssl\-fips\-mode\fR
option differs from other
\fB\-\-ssl\-\fR\fB\fIxxx\fR\fR
options in that it is not used to establish encrypted connections, but rather to affect which cryptographic operations to permit\&. See
Section\ \&8.8, \(lqFIPS Support\(rq\&.
.sp
These
\fB\-\-ssl\-fips\-mode\fR
values are permitted:
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
OFF: Disable FIPS mode\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
ON: Enable FIPS mode\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
STRICT: Enable
\(lqstrict\(rq
FIPS mode\&.
.RE
.sp
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBNote\fR
.ps -1
.br
If the OpenSSL FIPS Object Module is not available, the only permitted value for
\fB\-\-ssl\-fips\-mode\fR
is
OFF\&. In this case, setting
\fB\-\-ssl\-fips\-mode\fR
to
ON
or
STRICT
causes the client to produce a warning at startup and to operate in non\-FIPS mode\&.
.sp .5v
.RE
This option is deprecated\&. Expect it to be removed in a future version of MySQL\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-tls\-ciphersuites=\fR\fB\fIciphersuite_list\fR\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--tls-ciphersuites=ciphersuite_list
T}
T{
Type
T}:T{
String
T}
.TE
.sp 1
The permissible ciphersuites for encrypted connections that use TLSv1\&.3\&. The value is a list of one or more colon\-separated ciphersuite names\&. The ciphersuites that can be named for this option depend on the SSL library used to compile MySQL\&. For details, see
Section\ \&8.3.2, \(lqEncrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-tls\-sni\-servername=\fR\fB\fIserver_name\fR\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--tls-sni-servername=server_name
T}
T{
Type
T}:T{
String
T}
.TE
.sp 1
When specified, the name is passed to the
libmysqlclient
C API library using the
MYSQL_OPT_TLS_SNI_SERVERNAME
option of
mysql_options()\&. The server name is not case\-sensitive\&. To show which server name the client specified for the current session, if any, check the
Tls_sni_server_name
status variable\&.
.sp
Server Name Indication (SNI) is an extension to the TLS protocol (OpenSSL must be compiled using TLS extensions for this option to function)\&. The MySQL implementation of SNI represents the client\-side only\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-tls\-version=\fR\fB\fIprotocol_list\fR\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l
lB l
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--tls-version=protocol_list
T}
T{
Type
T}:T{
String
T}
T{
Default Value
T}:T{
.PP
TLSv1,TLSv1.1,TLSv1.2,TLSv1.3
(OpenSSL 1.1.1 or higher)
.PP
TLSv1,TLSv1.1,TLSv1.2
(otherwise)
T}
.TE
.sp 1
The permissible TLS protocols for encrypted connections\&. The value is a list of one or more comma\-separated protocol names\&. The protocols that can be named for this option depend on the SSL library used to compile MySQL\&. For details, see
Section\ \&8.3.2, \(lqEncrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-use\-default\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--use-default
T}
T{
Type
T}:T{
Boolean
T}
.TE
.sp 1
Execute noninteractively\&. This option can be used for unattended installation operations\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-user=\fR\fB\fIuser_name\fR\fR,
\fB\-u \fR\fB\fIuser_name\fR\fR
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB l
lB l.
T{
Command-Line Format
T}:T{
--user=user_name
T}
T{
Type
T}:T{
String
T}
.TE
.sp 1
The user name of the MySQL account to use for connecting to the server\&.
.RE
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.br
.PP
Copyright \(co 1997, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
.PP
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it only under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
.PP
This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
.PP
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with the program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
.sp
.SH "SEE ALSO"
For more information, please refer to the MySQL Reference Manual,
which may already be installed locally and which is also available
online at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.
.SH AUTHOR
Oracle Corporation (http://dev.mysql.com/).