Assembly Language

Introduction

• About and History of Assembly Language
• ARM vs x86-64 Instruction set
• Von Neumann Architecture
• Major Elements of Multi-core Computers
• Computer Components Top-level View
• Instruction Fetch and Execute Cycle
• Program flow of control without and with interrupts
• Bus Interconnection scheme

Arithmetic and Logic

• The Decimal System
• Positional Number System
• The Binary System
• Convert between binary and decimal
• The Arithmetic and Logic Unit
• Boolean Algebra
• Logic Gates
• Data Organization: Bits, Nibbles, Words, Double Words, Quad Words and Long Words
• Logical Operation on Bits
• Sign Extension, Zero Extension, Contraction and Saturation
• Shift and Rotates
• The ASCII character encoding
• The Unicode Character Set
• hexadecimal compare table to decimal and binary

Memory and Registors

• 80x86 Addressing Modes
• Transistors and Memory in Computing
• How Transistors works
• IA-32 Architecture
• stack
• Heap
• 80x86 Register Addressing Mode
• Machine Instruction Characteristics
• Types of Operands
• The code section
• The static section
• The Read only data section
• The Storage Section
• The Var section
• The Basic Push Instruction
• The Basic pop Instruction
• Dynamic Memory Allocation and the Heap Segment
• Registors
• • General-Purpose Registers
  • Special-purpose registers
  • Flags Registers
  • Index Register
  • Segment Register
  • control registors
• instruction code handling
• Constant Types
• String and Character Literal Constants
• Modifying val Objects at Arbitrary Points in Your Programs
• Using Pointers in Assembly Language
• Declaring Arrays in Your HLA Programs
• Accessing Elements of a Single-Dimensional Array
• Sorting an Array of Values
• Record Constants
• Unions
• Saving the State of the Machine
• Local and Global Symbol Types
• Pass by Value
• Pass by Reference
• Passing Parameters in Registers
• Passing Parameters on the Stack
• The mul and imul Instructions
• The div and idiv Instructions
• The cmp Instruction

Example Programs

• ASM program - moving immediate data
• Multiplying by a power of two
• Multiplication of Two Variables
• Multiplication of a Variable by a Constant
• Division by a Power of Two
• Arbitrary Base to Decimal
• Decimal to Arbitrary Base
• Interpreting Fixed-Point Numbers
• Fixed-Point Addition and Subtraction
• Fixed Point Multiplication
• Formats for the Powers of x
• Load-Store Single Register
• Load-Store Multiple Registers
• Moving Between Two VFP Registers
• Moving Between VFP Register and One Integer Register
• Sine Function Using Scalar Mode
• Sine Function Using Vector Mode
• Load or Store Single Structure Using One Lane
• Change Size of Elements in a Vector
• Bitwise Logical Operations
• Bitwise Logical Operations with Immediate Data
• Shift Left by Immediate
• Shift Left or Right by Variable
• Pulse Density Modulation
• Building the Interrupt-Driven Program