911. Online Election

题目

In an election, the i-th vote was cast for persons[i] at time times[i].

Now, we would like to implement the following query function: TopVotedCandidate.q(int t) will return the number of the person that was leading the election at time t.

Votes cast at time t will count towards our query. In the case of a tie, the most recent vote (among tied candidates) wins.

Example 1:

Input: ["TopVotedCandidate","q","q","q","q","q","q"], [[[0,1,1,0,0,1,0],[0,5,10,15,20,25,30]],[3],[12],[25],[15],[24],[8]]
Output: [null,0,1,1,0,0,1]
Explanation: 
At time 3, the votes are [0], and 0 is leading.
At time 12, the votes are [0,1,1], and 1 is leading.
At time 25, the votes are [0,1,1,0,0,1], and 1 is leading (as ties go to the most recent vote.)
This continues for 3 more queries at time 15, 24, and 8.

Note:

1. 1 <= persons.length = times.length <= 5000
2. 0 <= persons[i] <= persons.length
3. times is a strictly increasing array with all elements in [0, 10^9].
4. TopVotedCandidate.q is called at most 10000 times per test case.
5. TopVotedCandidate.q(int t) is always called with t >= times[0].

题目大意

在选举中，第 i 张票是在时间为 times[i] 时投给 persons[i] 的。

现在，我们想要实现下面的查询函数： TopVotedCandidate.q(int t) 将返回在 t 时刻主导选举的候选人的编号。

在 t 时刻投出的选票也将被计入我们的查询之中。在平局的情况下，最近获得投票的候选人将会获胜。

提示：

1. 1 <= persons.length = times.length <= 5000
2. 0 <= persons[i] <= persons.length
3. times 是严格递增的数组，所有元素都在 [0, 10^9] 范围中。
4. 每个测试用例最多调用 10000 次 TopVotedCandidate.q。
5. TopVotedCandidate.q(int t) 被调用时总是满足 t >= times[0]。

解题思路

• 给出一个 2 个数组，分别代表第 i 人在第 t 时刻获得的票数。需要实现一个查询功能的函数，查询在任意 t 时刻，输出谁的选票领先。
• persons[] 数组里面装的是获得选票人的编号，times[] 数组里面对应的是每个选票的时刻。times[] 数组默认是有序的，从小到大排列。先计算出每个时刻哪个人选票领先，放在一个数组中，实现查询函数的时候，只需要先对 times[] 数组二分搜索，找到比查询时间 t 小的最大时刻 i，再在选票领先的数组里面输出对应时刻领先的人的编号即可。