examples: Add a notebook demonstrating curvilinear FD

[EdCaunt]

Currently WIP but looking for reviews. Will supersede #1900.

[review-notebook-app]

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Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 91.99%. Comparing base (c05fabb) to head (3ce3225).
Report is 8 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2404      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   91.92%   91.99%   +0.06%     
==========================================
  Files         245      245              
  Lines       48461    48495      +34     
  Branches     4255     4261       +6     
==========================================
+ Hits        44547    44612      +65     
+ Misses       3238     3202      -36     
- Partials      676      681       +5     

Flag	Coverage Δ
pytest-gpu-aomp-amdgpuX	72.55% <ø> (+0.03%)	⬆️
pytest-gpu-nvc-nvidiaX	73.61% <ø> (+0.03%)	⬆️

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