|
11 | 11 | \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Terrorism_Database}{Global
|
12 | 12 | Terrorism Database (GTD)}
|
13 | 13 | "is a database of incidents of terrorism
|
14 |
| - from 1970 onward". Through 2015, this |
15 |
| - database contains information on 141,966 |
| 14 | + from 1970 onward". Through 2020, this |
| 15 | + database contains information on 209,706 |
16 | 16 | incidents.
|
17 | 17 |
|
18 | 18 | \code{terrorism} provides a few summary
|
|
37 | 37 | \code{incidents.byCountryYr} and
|
38 | 38 | \code{nkill.byCountryYr} are matrices giving
|
39 | 39 | the numbers of incidents and numbers of deaths
|
40 |
| - by year and by location of the event for 206 |
| 40 | + by year and by location of the event for 204 |
41 | 41 | countries (rows) and for all years between
|
42 |
| - 1970 and 2016 (columns) except for 1993, for |
| 42 | + 1970 and 2060 (columns) except for 1993, for |
43 | 43 | which the entries are all NA, because the raw
|
44 | 44 | data previously collected was lost (though
|
45 | 45 | the total for that year is available in
|
|
64 | 64 | containing the following:
|
65 | 65 |
|
66 | 66 | \describe{
|
67 |
| - \item{year}{integer year, 1970:2016.} |
| 67 | + \item{year}{integer year, 1970:2020.} |
68 | 68 | \item{methodology}{
|
69 | 69 | an \code{\link{ordered}} factor giving the
|
70 | 70 | methodology / organization responsible for
|
|
85 | 85 | partial years are ignored, so
|
86 | 86 | \code{methodology} = \code{CEDIS} for
|
87 | 87 | 1998:2007, \code{ISVG} for 2008:2011, and
|
88 |
| - \code{START} for 2012:2014. |
| 88 | + \code{START} for more recent data. |
89 | 89 | }
|
90 | 90 | \item{method}{
|
91 | 91 | a character vector consisting of
|
|
100 | 100 |
|
101 | 101 | NOTE:
|
102 | 102 | \code{sum(terrorism[["incidents"]])} =
|
103 |
| - 146920 = 141966 in the GTD database |
| 103 | + 214660 = 209706 in the GTD database |
104 | 104 | plus 4954 for 1993, for which the
|
105 | 105 | incident-level data were lost.
|
106 | 106 | }
|
|
212 | 212 | and in the US, according to the World
|
213 | 213 | Bank; see "Sources" below. This World
|
214 | 214 | Bank data set includes \code{USdeathRate}
|
215 |
| - for each year from 1900 to 2014. |
| 215 | + for each year from 1900 to 2020. |
216 | 216 |
|
217 |
| - The \code{worldDeathRate} numbers here were |
218 |
| - read manually from a plot on |
219 |
| - \href{https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CDRT.IN?end=2014&start=1960&view=chart}{that web page,} |
220 |
| - except for the the number for 2015, which was |
221 |
| - estimated as a reduction of 0.73 percent from |
222 |
| - 2014, which was the average rate of decline |
223 |
| - (ratio of two successive years) for 1990 to |
224 |
| - 2014. The same method was used to estimate |
225 |
| - the \code{USdeathRate} for 2015 as the same |
226 |
| - as for 2014. |
227 |
| - |
228 |
| - NOTE: \code{USdeathRate} is to two |
229 |
| - significant digits only, unlike |
230 |
| - \code{worldDeathRate}, which has four |
231 |
| - significant digits. |
| 217 | + NOTE: \code{USdeathRate} to 2009 is to |
| 218 | + two significant digits only. Other death |
| 219 | + rates carry more significant digits. |
232 | 220 | }
|
233 | 221 | \item{worldDeaths, USdeaths}{
|
234 | 222 | number of deaths by year in the world and
|
|
247 | 235 | terrorism deaths per million
|
248 | 236 | population worldwide and in the US =
|
249 | 237 |
|
250 |
| - \code{0.001 * nkill / worldPopulation} |
| 238 | + \code{nkill / (0.001*worldPopulation)} |
| 239 | +
|
| 240 | + \code{nkill.us / (0.001*USpopulation)} |
251 | 241 | }
|
252 | 242 | \item{pkill, pkill.us}{
|
253 | 243 | terrorism deaths as a proportion of
|
|
283 | 273 | it suggests larger problems.
|
284 | 274 | }
|
285 | 275 | \source{
|
286 |
| - National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START). (2017). Global Terrorism Database [Data file]. Retrieved from \url{https://start.umd.edu/gtd} [accessed 2018-04-08]. |
| 276 | + National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START). (2017). Global Terrorism Database [Data file]. Retrieved from \url{https://start.umd.edu/gtd} [accessed 2022-10-08]. |
287 | 277 |
|
288 | 278 | See also the \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Terrorism_Database}{Global Terrorism Database} maintained by the \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Consortium_for_the_Study_of_Terrorism_and_Responses_to_Terrorism}{National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism} (START, 2015), \url{https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd}.
|
289 | 279 |
|
290 | 280 | The world and US population figures came from
|
291 |
| -"Total Population - Both Sexes", World Population |
292 |
| -Prospects 2015, published by the Population Division |
293 |
| -of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of |
294 |
| -the United Nations accessed 2016-09-05 (at a web link |
295 |
| -that has since changed: No longer at |
296 |
| -\code{https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population}, as it was when the data current used here was |
297 |
| -downloaded, 2016-09-05. Fortunately, as of |
298 |
| -2020-02-09, such data seem to be available at |
299 |
| -\url{https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/}. |
| 281 | +"Total Population - Both Sexes", \href{https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/}{World Population Prospects 2022}, published by the Population Division, World Population Prospects, of |
| 282 | +the United Nations, accessed 2022-10-09. |
300 | 283 |
|
301 |
| - \href{https://www.mortality.org}{Human Mortality Database. University of California, Berkeley (USA), and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (Germany).} |
| 284 | + \href{https://www.mortality.org}{Human Mortality Database. University of California, Berkeley (USA), and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (Germany)}, accessed 2022-10-11. |
302 | 285 | }
|
303 | 286 | \references{
|
304 | 287 | Robert Pape, Keven Ruby, Vincent Bauer and
|
305 |
| - Gentry Jenkins, \href{https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/08/11/how-to-fix-the-flaws-in-the-global-terrorism-database-and-why-it-matters/}{"How to fix |
306 |
| - the flaws in the Global Terrorism Database |
307 |
| - and why it matters"}, |
| 288 | + Gentry Jenkins, \href{https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/08/11/how-to-fix-the-flaws-in-the-global-terrorism-database-and-why-it-matters/}{"How to fix the flaws in the Global Terrorism Database and why it matters"}, |
308 | 289 | \emph{The Washington Post}, August 11,
|
309 | 290 | 2014 (accessed 2016-01-09).
|
310 | 291 | }
|
|
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