squaresOfASortedArray.java

Given an array of integers A sorted in non-decreasing order, 
return an array of the squares of each number, also in sorted non-decreasing order.

Example 1:

Input: [-4,-1,0,3,10]
Output: [0,1,9,16,100]
Example 2:

Input: [-7,-3,2,3,11]
Output: [4,9,9,49,121]


NAIVE SOLUTION - USE SORTING
//TC: O(NLOGN) for sorting 
//SC: O(N) for result

class Solution {
    public int[] sortedSquares(int[] A) {
        int N = A.length;
        int[] ans = new int[N];
        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
            ans[i] = A[i] * A[i];

        Arrays.sort(ans);
        return ans;
    }
}

BEST SOLUTION USE TWO POINTERS 

//TC: O(N) use two pointers to iterate on the array
//SC: O(N) space for the output array 
class Solution {
    public int[] sortedSquares(int[] A) {
        int n = A.length;
        int[] result = new int[n];
        int i = 0, j = n - 1;
        for (int p = n - 1; p >= 0; p--) {
            if (Math.abs(A[i]) > Math.abs(A[j])) {
                result[p] = A[i] * A[i];
                i++;
            } else {
                result[p] = A[j] * A[j];
                j--;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}