HomeClimate - Climate Monitoring System

This project is an IoT-based Home Climate Monitoring System that leverages an ESP32 microcontroller to collect, analyze, and publish sensor data to a Mosquitto MQTT broker running as an add-on in Home Assistant. The system integrates multiple environmental sensors and peripherals to provide real-time monitoring and alerts for various environmental parameters. Additionally an OLED display (SH1106) is used to visualize sensor readings directly on the device.

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Overview

The Home Climate Monitoring System gathers data using the following sensors and modules:

• BME680: Measures temperature, humidity, pressure, and gas resistance.
• MQ-2: Detects levels of LPG, Carbon Monoxide (CO), and smoke.
• KY-038: Captures sound levels to detect loud noises.
• NeoPixels: Displays status visually using LEDs.
• Buzzer: Provides audible alerts for abnormal conditions.
• SH1106 OLED Display: Displays real-time sensor readings and status information directly on the device.

The collected data is sent to Home Assistant using the MQTT protocol for integration into a centralized smart home system. The system also provides real-time alerts through NeoPixels, a buzzer, and on-screen OLED updates when unsafe thresholds are detected.

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Features

1. Sensors and Modules

Component	Functionality
BME680	- Measures temperature, humidity, pressure, and gas resistance. - Detects air quality and altitude.
MQ-2	- Detects the presence of gases such as LPG, CO, and smoke. - Monitors air pollution and fire risks.
KY-038	- Detects sound levels in decibels (dB). - Monitors noise pollution or sudden loud noises.
SH1106 OLED	- Displays sensor readings directly on the device. - Shows animations for user feedback.
NeoPixels	- Visual status indicator for safe, warning, and danger levels. - Displays animations and status changes.
Buzzer	- Audible alerts for warnings and dangers. - Triggers for abnormal conditions.

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2. MQTT Integration

• The system uses an MQTT broker (Mosquitto) as part of the Home Assistant ecosystem to enable real-time monitoring and control.
• Key Features:
  • Publishes sensor data to structured MQTT topics.
  • Enables Home Assistant to visualize data and create automations.
  • Triggers alerts and actions based on sensor readings.

MQTT Topic Structure

The following hierarchical structure is used for MQTT topics, organized by sensor type:

• BME680 Sensor Topics:

  • home/sensors/bme680/temperature
  • home/sensors/bme680/humidity
  • home/sensors/bme680/pressure
  • home/sensors/bme680/gas
  • home/sensors/bme680/altitude

• MQ-2 Sensor Topics:

  • home/sensors/mq2/lpg
  • home/sensors/mq2/co
  • home/sensors/mq2/smoke

• KY-038 Sensor Topics:

  • home/sensors/ky038/sound

Home Assistant Integration

• The system is configured in Home Assistant to visualize sensor data and manage automations:
  • Dashboards are designed for real-time monitoring of environmental data.
  • Alerts and notifications are triggered for:
    • Unsafe gas concentrations (e.g., high LPG or CO levels).
    • Excessive sound levels detected by the KY-038 sensor.
• Automations can activate actions such as:
  • Sending notifications to mobile devices.
  • Activating ventilation systems or alarms when thresholds are exceeded.

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3. Alerts and Notifications

• Visual Alerts:
  • NeoPixels:
    • Blue: Safe.
    • Green: Warning.
    • Red: Danger.
• Audible Alerts:
  • Buzzer sounds for warning and danger levels.
• OLED Display Alerts:
  • Real-time sensor data is displayed.
  • Animations indicate system status and updates.

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Hardware Components

Component	Specification
Microcontroller	ESP32-WROOM-32E
Sensors	BME680, MQ-2, KY-038
Peripherals	SH1106 OLED Display, NeoPixels (5 LEDs), Buzzer
Power Supply	5V USB-C

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Software Requirements

1. Firmware:

   • Developed using PlatformIO in VS Code.
   • Arduino framework.

2. MQTT Broker:

   • Mosquitto MQTT broker running as a Home Assistant add-on.

3. Home Assistant:

   • Running on a self-hosted server.
   • Used to visualize and manage sensor data.

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