feat(api): support an "experimental" api version

Add the ability to specify a protocol's API level as "experimental", and
to specify API calls as experimental.

The experimental API level is greater than any named API level. That
means that
- An api method that is experimental can only be used if the protocol
requests the experimental api level
- This will remain true as the max supported api version changes

api/src/opentrons/protocols/api_support/definitions.py

@@ -1,18 +1,12 @@
-from .types import APIVersion
-
-MAX_SUPPORTED_VERSION = APIVersion(2, 23)
-"""The maximum supported protocol API version in this release."""
-
-MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION = APIVersion(2, 0)
-"""The minimum supported protocol API version in this release, across all robot types."""
-
-MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION_FOR_FLEX = APIVersion(2, 15)
-"""The minimum protocol API version supported by the Opentrons Flex.
-
-It's an infrastructural requirement for this to be at least newer than 2.14. Before then,
-the protocol API is backed by the legacy non-Protocol-engine backend, which is not prepared to
-handle anything but OT-2s.
-
-The additional bump to 2.15 is because that's what we tested on, and because it adds all the
-Flex-specific features.
-"""
+from .types import (
+    MAX_SUPPORTED_VERSION,
+    MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION,
+    MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION_FOR_FLEX,
+)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "MAX_SUPPORTED_VERSION",
+    "MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION",
+    "MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION_FOR_FLEX",
+]

api/src/opentrons/protocols/api_support/types.py

@@ -1,22 +1,55 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import NamedTuple, TypedDict
+from functools import total_ordering
 
 
+@total_ordering
 class APIVersion(NamedTuple):
     major: int
     minor: int
+    experimental: bool = False
 
     @classmethod
     def from_string(cls, inp: str) -> APIVersion:
+        if inp == "experimental":
+            return cls.as_experimental()
         parts = inp.split(".")
         if len(parts) != 2:
             raise ValueError(inp)
         intparts = [int(p) for p in parts]
 
-        return cls(major=intparts[0], minor=intparts[1])
+        return cls(major=intparts[0], minor=intparts[1], experimental=False)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def as_experimental(cls) -> APIVersion:
+        return cls(
+            major=MAX_SUPPORTED_VERSION.major,
+            minor=MAX_SUPPORTED_VERSION.minor,
+            experimental=True,
+        )
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.major}.{self.minor}"
+        return f"{self.major}.{self.minor}" if not self.experimental else "experimental"
+
+    def __le__(self, other: tuple[int, int, bool] | tuple[int, int]) -> bool:  # type: ignore[override]
+        # this __le__ supports calling it against a version raw tuple or an API version;
+        # the type ignore happens because NamedTuple says its parent is tuple[int...] in this
+        # case, not tuple[int, int, bool]
+        b_maj = other[0]
+        b_min = other[1]
+        b_exp = other[2] if len(other) > 2 else False
+        # when you do a <= b, interpreter calls a.__le__(b)
+        if self.experimental and b_exp:
+            # both a and b are experimental: same version
+            return True
+        elif self.experimental:
+            # a is experimental, and b is not: a > b, a !<= b
+            return False
+        elif b_exp:
+            # a is not experimental, and b is: a < b, a <= b
+            return True
+        # both are not experimental, standard version compare
+        return (self.major, self.minor) <= (b_maj, b_min)
 
 
 class ThermocyclerStepBase(TypedDict):
@@ -30,3 +63,21 @@ class ThermocyclerStep(ThermocyclerStepBase, total=False):
 
     hold_time_seconds: float
     hold_time_minutes: float
+
+
+MAX_SUPPORTED_VERSION = APIVersion(2, 23)
+"""The maximum supported protocol API version in this release."""
+
+MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION = APIVersion(2, 0)
+"""The minimum supported protocol API version in this release, across all robot types."""
+
+MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION_FOR_FLEX = APIVersion(2, 15)
+"""The minimum protocol API version supported by the Opentrons Flex.
+
+It's an infrastructural requirement for this to be at least newer than 2.14. Before then,
+the protocol API is backed by the legacy non-Protocol-engine backend, which is not prepared to
+handle anything but OT-2s.
+
+The additional bump to 2.15 is because that's what we tested on, and because it adds all the
+Flex-specific features.
+"""

api/src/opentrons/protocols/api_support/util.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-""" Utility functions and classes for the protocol api """
+"""Utility functions and classes for the protocol api"""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections import UserDict
@@ -18,8 +19,11 @@
     cast,
     KeysView,
     ItemsView,
+    overload,
 )
 
+from typing_extensions import Literal
+
 from opentrons import types as top_types
 from opentrons.protocols.api_support.types import APIVersion
 from opentrons.hardware_control.types import Axis
@@ -303,7 +307,6 @@ def _verify_key(key: object) -> Axis:
         return checked_key
 
     def __setitem__(self, key: object, value: object) -> None:
-
         checked_key = AxisMaxSpeeds._verify_key(key)
         if value is None:
             del self[checked_key]
@@ -353,13 +356,32 @@ def clamp_value(
 FuncT = TypeVar("FuncT", bound=Callable[..., Any])
 
 
+@overload
+def requires_version(
+    major: Literal["experimental"],
+) -> Callable[[FuncT], FuncT]:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
 def requires_version(major: int, minor: int) -> Callable[[FuncT], FuncT]:
+    ...
+
+
+def requires_version(
+    major: int | Literal["experimental"], minor: int | None = None
+) -> Callable[[FuncT], FuncT]:
     """Decorator. Apply to Protocol API methods or attributes to indicate
     the first version in which the method or attribute was present.
     """
 
     def _set_version(decorated_obj: FuncT) -> FuncT:
-        added_version = APIVersion(major, minor)
+        if major == "experimental":
+            added_version = APIVersion.as_experimental()
+        else:
+            assert major is not None
+            assert minor is not None
+            added_version = APIVersion(major, minor, False)
         setattr(decorated_obj, "__opentrons_version_added", added_version)
         if hasattr(decorated_obj, "__doc__"):
             # Add the versionadded stanza to everything decorated if we can