xep-0283.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE xep SYSTEM 'xep.dtd' [
  <!ENTITY % ents SYSTEM 'xep.ent'>
  <!ENTITY MOVED "&lt;moved/&gt;">
%ents;
]>
<?xml-stylesheet type='text/xsl' href='xep.xsl'?>
<xep>
<header>
  <title>Moved</title>
  <abstract>This document defines an XMPP protocol extension that enables a user to inform its contacts about a change in JID.</abstract>
  &LEGALNOTICE;
  <number>0283</number>
  <status>Experimental</status>
  <type>Standards Track</type>
  <sig>Standards</sig>
  <approver>Council</approver>
  <dependencies>
    <spec>XMPP Core</spec>
  </dependencies>
  <supersedes>
  </supersedes>
  <supersededby/>
  <shortname>moved</shortname>
  &mwild;
  <revision>
    <version>0.2.0</version>
    <date>2021-07-20</date>
    <initials>mw</initials>
    <remark><p>Re-write the flow with a more focused approach.</p></remark>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <version>0.1.1</version>
    <date>2018-08-06</date>
    <initials>pep</initials>
    <remark><p>Fix trivial typo</p></remark>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <version>0.1</version>
    <date>2010-06-16</date>
    <initials>psa</initials>
    <remark><p>Initial published version.</p></remark>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <version>0.0.7</version>
    <date>2010-06-09</date>
    <initials>tp</initials>
    <remark>
      <p>Modified syntax to use 'old' and 'new' attributes.</p>
    </remark>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <version>0.0.6</version>
    <date>2010-06-07</date>
    <initials>tp</initials>
    <remark>
      <ul>
        <li>Update ordering so that it recommends sending the unsubscribe/unsubscribed, before, sending the subscribe</li>
        <li>Add section documenting what happens when a contact is offline when the unsubscribe/unsubscribed/subscribe stanzas are sent.</li>
        <li>Added an example about a hacker sending an unsolicited subscribe by guessing a roster entry.</li>
      </ul>
    </remark>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <version>0.0.5</version>
    <date>2010-06-02</date>
    <initials>tp</initials>
    <remark>
      <p>Added one-way subscription section</p>
    </remark>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <version>0.0.4</version>
    <date>2010-05-30</date>
    <initials>tp</initials>
    <remark>
      <p>Change MUST NOT to SHOULD NOT for clients auto-subscribing back; differentiate between inbound and outbound subscriptions.</p>
    </remark>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <version>0.0.3</version>
    <date>2010-06-02</date>
    <initials>tp</initials>
    <remark><p>Add one-way subscription comments.</p></remark>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <version>0.0.2</version>
    <date>2010-05-25</date>
    <initials>tp</initials>
    <remark><p>Minor tweaks.</p></remark>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <version>0.0.1</version>
    <date>2010-05-22</date>
    <initials>tp</initials>
    <remark><p>First draft.</p></remark>
  </revision>
</header>
<section1 topic='Introduction' anchor='intro'>
  <p>There are a variety of reasons why a user may wish to change
  their JID. For example, a surname change because of marriage or simply
  an easier JID to remember. Another common reason is that the provider goes
  out of service (with a notice).</p>

  <p>This XEP defines an approach for communicating that your JID has
  moved to a new JID, extending the existing subscription protocol documented
  in &xmppim;. The steps outlined here may be done either through a client
  or automated by a server.</p>
</section1>

<section1 topic='Requirements' anchor='reqs'>
  <p>This document aims to satisfy the following requirements:</p>
  <ul>
    <li>Users should be able to notify their contacts of a change of address.</li>
    <li>Contacts should be able to verify that such a notification is legitimate, to prevent malicious actors from spoofing notifications.</li>
    <li>It should be possible for a contact's server to automatically update the contact's roster for seamless migrations.</li>
    <li>In the absence of a contact's support for this protocol, it should fall back to a simple manual subscription approval.</li>
  </ul>
</section1>

<section1 topic='Glossary' anchor='glossary'>
  <dl>
    <di>
      <dt>Moved notification</dt>
      <dd>An XML &lt;moved/&gt; element sent to a contact to inform them that
          the user is moving to a new address.
      </dd>
    </di>
    <di>
      <dt>Moved statement</dt>
      <dd>An XML &lt;moved/&gt; element published by the user on their old
          account. It is used by contacts to verify that moved notifications
          are genuine.
      </dd>
    </di>
  </dl>
</section1>

<section1 topic='Use Cases' anchor='usecases'>
  <p>We start with the situation where the user, let's call them Juliet, has two accounts -
     her original account <tt>juliet@im.example.net</tt> and a shiny new account on her personal
     domain, <tt>juliet@capulet.example</tt>.</p>
  <p>Juliet would like to migrate all her data and contacts to her new account, with minimal
     disruption.</p>
  <section2 topic='User publishes moved statement' anchor='publish-statement'>
    <p>Before notifying contacts of the move, Juliet must connect to her old
       account and publish a "statement" that the account is no longer in
       use. This statement includes the address of her new account.
    </p>
    <p>The statement should be posted to a PEP node with the name 'urn:xmpp:moved:1'. The
       payload should be a &lt;moved/&gt; element in the 'urn:xmpp:moved:1' namespace. This
       element should in turn contain a single &lt;new-jid/&gt; element with the user's new JID
       as its text content.</p>

    <example caption='Juliet&apos;s client publishes a moved statement on her old account'><![CDATA[
<iq from='juliet@im.example.net/VR0sAGae'
    type='set'
    id='pub1'>
  <pubsub xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/pubsub'>
    <publish node='urn:xmpp:moved:1'>
      <item id='current'>
        <moved xmlns='urn:xmpp:moved:1'>
          <new-jid>juliet@capulet.example</new-jid>
        </moved>
      </item>
    </publish>
  </pubsub>
</iq>
]]></example>
  </section2>
  <section2 topic='User notifies contacts of move' anchor='publish-notification'>
    <p>After publishing a moved statement on her old account, Juliet proceeds
       to notify her contacts about the move.</p>

    <p>Juliet connects to her new account, and sends a subscription request to
       each of her contacts. These subscription requests MUST contain a &lt;moved/&gt;
       element in the 'urn:xmpp:moved:1' namespace. This element contains a single
       &lt;old-jid/&gt; element with the old JID as its text content.&gt;</p>

    <example caption='Juliet sends a subscription request to Romeo from her new account'><![CDATA[
<presence type='subscribe' to='romeo@montague.example' id='sub1'>
  <moved xmlns='urn:xmpp:moved:1'>
    <old-jid>juliet@im.example.net</old-jid>
  </moved>
</presence>
]]></example>
  </section2>

  <section2 topic='Contact receives subscription request with moved notification' anchor='receive-notification-client'>
    <p>Juliet's contact, Romeo, receives the subscription request from Juliet's
       new JID. At this point Romeo has not verified that the new account
       actually belongs to Juliet, and MUST perform such verification before
       acting on the request any differently to usual.</p>

    <p>If the value of &lt;old-jid/&gt; is not in the roster with an approved
       incoming subscription ('from' or 'both'), the &lt;moved/&gt; element
       MUST be ignored entirely.</p>

    <p>To verify the request, Romeo makes a request to the JID specified in
       &lt;old-jid/&gt; (which MUST be a bare JID) to fetch a published move
       statement.</p>

    <example caption='Romeo requests a moved statement from Juliet&apos;s old account'><![CDATA[
<iq type='get'
    from='romeo@capulet.example/laptop'
    to='juliet@im.example.net'
    id='83hKgF'>
  <pubsub xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/pubsub'>
    <items node='urn:xmpp:moved:1'>
      <item id='current'/>
    </items>
  </pubsub>
</iq>
]]></example>

    <p>On success, Juliet's server will return the moved statement that Juliet published.</p>

    <example caption='Juliet&apos;s old server returns the published moved statement to Romeo'><![CDATA[
<iq type='result'
    from='juliet@im.example.net'
    to='romeo@capulet.example/laptop'
    id='83hKgF'>
  <pubsub xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/pubsub'>
    <items node='urn:xmpp:moved:1'>
      <item id='current'>
        <moved xmlns='urn:xmpp:moved:1'>
          <new-jid>juliet@capulet.example</new-jid>
        </moved>
      </item>
    </items>
  </pubsub>
</iq>
]]></example>

    <p>Romeo MUST now verify that the received subscription request was from
       the same bare JID contained in the &lt;new-jid/&gt; element in the moved
       statement. If the JIDs do not match, or if there was an error fetching
       the moved statement (except for "gone" - see note below), the
       &lt;moved/&gt; element in the incoming subscription request MUST be
       ignored entirely.</p>

    <p class="box">
      <strong>Note:</strong> As a special case, if the attempt to retrieve the
      moved statement results in an error with the &lt;gone/&gt; condition as
      defined in RFC 6120, and that &lt;gone/&gt; element contains a valid
      XMPP URI (e.g. <tt>xmpp:user@example.com</tt>), then the error response
      MUST be handled equivalent to a &lt;moved/&gt; statement containing a
      &lt;new-jid/&gt; element with the JID provided in the URI (e.g.
      <tt>user@example.com</tt>).
    </p>


    <p>Upon successful verification, Romeo's client may present an appropriate
       user interface, informing about Juliet's change of address, and a prompt
       to accept the subscription request from the new address. On the user's
       approval of such a subscription request, the client will typically want
       to also send a subscription request to the contact's new JID to establish
       a mutual subscription.</p>

    <p>Due to the potential for races between multiple clients connected to
       the same account, it is NOT RECOMMENDED for a client to automatically
       act upon migration notifications, but instead await manual interaction
       from the user. As with any inbound subscription request it SHOULD pay
       attention to roster pushes related to the contact, and update the UI
       appropriately if the new contact address is authorized from another
       device.</p>
  </section2>

  <section2 topic='Server-side processing of inbound moved notification' anchor='receive-notification-server'>
    <p>It is not required for Romeo's server to support this specification.
       However if Romeo's server does understand this extension, it SHOULD
       handle the inbound subscription request on behalf of Romeo's clients.
       This improves the user experience for Romeo, especially when he has
       multiple devices.</p>

    <p>Broadly the server should follow exactly the same process as a client
       would. Specifically:
    </p>
    <ol>
       <li>Receive subscription request with 'moved' payload.</li>
       <li>Verify that the old JID has an approved subscription to the user (i.e. a subscription of 'both' or 'from').</li>
       <li>Request moved statement from the old account JID.</li>
       <li>Verify that the new JID in the moved statement matches the 'from' of the subscription request.</li>
    </ol>

    <example caption='Romeo&apos;s server requests a moved statement from Juliet&apos;s old account'><![CDATA[
<iq type='get'
    from='romeo@capulet.example'
    to='juliet@im.example.net'
    id='83hKgF'>
  <pubsub xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/pubsub'>
    <items node='urn:xmpp:moved:1'>
      <item id='current'/>
    </items>
  </pubsub>
</iq>
]]></example>

    <example caption='Juliet&apos;s old server returns the published moved statement to Romeo&apos;s server'><![CDATA[
<iq type='result'
    from='juliet@im.example.net'
    to='romeo@capulet.example/laptop'
    id='83hKgF'>
  <pubsub xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/pubsub'>
    <items node='urn:xmpp:moved:1'>
      <item id='current'>
        <moved xmlns='urn:xmpp:moved:1'>
          <new-jid>juliet@capulet.example</new-jid>
        </moved>
      </item>
    </items>
  </pubsub>
</iq>
]]></example>

    <p>If verification fails (e.g. due to a missing or incorrect moved
       statement), the server MUST ignore the &lt;moved/&gt; element in the
       subscription request, and process the stanza as a normal subscription
       request. It MUST NOT strip the &lt;moved/&gt; element before forwarding,
       even if verification fails.</p>

    <p>Upon successful verification, the server MUST NOT forward the stanza to
       Romeo's clients, but instead MUST create a roster entry for the new JID
       with a subscription of 'from' (sending out the appropriate roster push),
       and then auto-reply to the subscription request with a presence of type
       'subscribed'.</p>

    <example caption='Romeo&apos;s server notifies Romeo about the new roster entry'><![CDATA[
<iq id='a78b4q6ha463'
    to='romeo@montague.example/orchard'
    type='set'>
  <query xmlns='jabber:iq:roster'>
    <item jid='juliet@capulet.example''
          subscription='from'/>
  </query>
</iq>
]]></example>

    <p>After authorizing the new JID, the server should revoke the presence
       subscription of the old account.</p>

    <example caption='Romeo&apos;s server notifies Juliet&apos;s old account about unsubscription'><![CDATA[
<presence to='juliet@im.example.net' type='unsubscribed'/>
]]></example>

    <example caption='Romeo&apos;s server notifies Romeo&apos;s clients about the old roster entry'><![CDATA[
<iq id='a78b4q6ha463'
    to='romeo@montague.example/orchard'
    type='set'>
  <query xmlns='jabber:iq:roster'>
    <item jid='juliet@im.example.net''
          subscription='to'/>
  </query>
</iq>
]]></example>

    <p>Finally, if the old JID was in the user's roster with a subscription of 'both', the
       server MUST also send a presence of type 'subscribe' to the new JID in
       order to seek establishment of a mutual subscription.</p>

    <example caption='Romeo&apos;s server sends subscription request to Juliet&apos;s new JID'><![CDATA[
<presence type='subscribe' id='uc51xs63' from='romeo@montague.example' to='juliet@capulet.example'/>
]]></example>

  </section2>

</section1>

<section1 topic='Implementation Notes' anchor='impl'>
  <section2 topic='Lifetime of moved statement' anchor='impl-lifetime'>
    <p>The moved statement is required for contacts to automatically verify
       the authenticity of moved notifications. After publishing a moved
       statement, the user should keep the statement published and the account
       active for long enough for contacts to switch to the user's new account.</p>
    <p>It is not necessary to remain connected to the old account during the
       transition period. However the account must not be deleted, and the
       server must be available.</p>
    <p>In the event that the move statement is unpublished, the account is deleted,
       or the server becomes unavailable, any contacts that have not yet transitioned
       to the user's new JID will be unable to verify the migration. Those contacts
       will have to manually approve the subscription from the user's new address.</p>
    <p>Migration progress of contacts is obervable through subscription revocations to
       the old account, and subscription approvals to the new account.</p>
  </section2>
  <section2 topic='Alternative verification methods' anchor='impl-alt-verify'>
    <p>Future revisions of this document, or alternative documents, may define
       alternative verification methods. Such methods SHOULD be communicated via
       child elements of &lt;moved/&gt; in an appropriate namespace. As is usual
       throughout XMPP, entities MUST ignore unknown child elements of
       &lt;moved/&gt; in unrecognised namespaces.</p>
  </section2>
</section1>

<section1 topic='Security Considerations' anchor='security'>
  <section2 topic='User considerations' anchor='security-user'>
    <p>The following are considerations for the user (exemplified by Juliet in this document):</p>
    <ul>
      <li>A malicious client or other entity with access to the user's account
          can perform a migration, potentially against the user's will and/or
          without their knowledge. Although this is a concern, any malicious
          actor with access to a user's account can abuse that access in many
          ways. Servers that support granting restricted access to accounts
          should consider blocking attempts to publish to the
          'urn:xmpp:moved:1' PEP node from restricted entities.</li>
      <li>To avoid leaking the user's new JID to non-contacts, the PEP node
          containing the moved statement SHOULD be configured to use the
          "presence" access model (this is the default access model defined
          by PEP).</li>
    </ul>
  </section2>
  <section2 topic='Contact considerations' anchor='security-contact'>
    <p>The following are considerations for the contact (exemplified by Romeo in this document), and the contact's server:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>A presence subscription with a &lt;moved/&gt; is trivial for a
          malicious third-party to spoof. The verification methods discussed
          in this document MUST be followed to prevent accepting rogue
          subscription requests.</li>
      <li>It is important to verify that the original JID of the migrating
          user was already authorized to view presence before processing a
          migration.</li>
      <li>After successfully processing a migration, the original account
          should have its presence subscription revoked. This ensures that
          each JID may only be migrated once. Without this precaution the
          migration mechanism can be abused to introduce unlimited arbitrary
          JIDs to contacts' rosters. This precaution also ensures, if the
          old account ends up owned by a new entity, that they will not
          unexpectedly inherit a presence subscription.</li>
    </ul>
  </section2>
</section1>

<section1 topic='IANA Considerations' anchor='iana'>
  <p>This document requires no interaction with &IANA;.</p>
</section1>

<section1 topic='XMPP Registrar Considerations' anchor='registrar'>
  <p>This specification defines the following XML namespace:</p>
  <ul>
    <li>urn:xmpp:moved:1</li>
  </ul>
</section1>

<section1 topic='Design Considerations' anchor='design'>
  <section2 topic='Verification methods' anchor='design-verification'>
    <p>There are two general approaches for verification - network-based
       verification, or cryptographic verification. Network-based verification
       (as described in this document) requests a verification statement from
       the user's old account. Cryptographic verification would check a move
       notification against a previously-established cryptographic identify of
       the user.</p>
    <p>Network-based verification:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>Pro: Simple and easy to implement</li>
      <li>Con: depends on the original server being available and supporting PEP</li>
    </ul>
    <p>Cryptographic verification:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>Pro: Can work even if the original server goes offline or begins blocking
          migration attempts.</li>
      <li>Con: More complex implementation.</li>
      <li>Con: Requires user and contacts to manage/track cryptographic keys and
          identies. It may be possible to piggyback on top of an existing cryptographic
          layer, e.g. OMEMO. However this would eliminate the server-side assistance,
          and OMEMO support is not universal among clients.</li>
    </ul>

    <p>Ultimately this document defines a network-based verification method, but
       leaves an obvious path to extend the protocol with alternative verification
       methods (either in an update to this document, or defined by other
       documents).</p>
  </section2>
</section1>

<section1 topic='XML Schema' anchor='schema'>
        <p>To be done upon advancement to Draft.</p>
</section1>

<section1 topic='Acknowledgements' anchor='ack'>
  <p>This document was formerly driven by Tory Patnoe with the support and feedback provided by Doug Abbink, Mikhail Belov, Peter Saint-Andre, and Peter Sheu.</p>
  <p>It has since been taken over by the current author who thanks Kim Alvefur, Maxime Buquet and Jonas Schäfer for their input and feedback on this specification.</p>
</section1>
</xep>