Pattern: Redirection overrides pipe input
Issue: -
A process only has a single standard input stream. Pipes and input redirections both overwrite it, so you can't use both at the same time. If you try, the redirection takes precedence and the input pipe is closed.
Many commands support specifying multiple filenames, where one can be stdin (canonically by specifying - as a filename, or alternatively by using /dev/stdin). In these cases, you can rewrite the command to use one piped input, and as many extra files (or process substitutions) as you want.
For commands that only process a single input stream (like tr), you can also concatenate multiple commands or files into a single stream using a { command group; } as in the example.
Example of incorrect code:
gzcat yesterday.log.gz | grep "$USER" < today.logExample of correct code:
# Specify non-piped inputs as filenames
gzcat yesterday.log.gz | grep "$USER" - today.log
# Or merge multiple inputs into a single stream
{ gzcat yesterday.log.gz; cat today.log; } | grep "$USER"