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                    <h1 id="find-dbainstance">Find-DbaInstance</h1>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Author</strong></td>
<td>Scott Sutherland, 2018 NetSPI , Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Availability</strong></td>
<td>Windows, Linux, macOS</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p>Want to see the source code for this command? Check out <a href="https://github.com/dataplat/dbatools/blob/master/public/Find-DbaInstance.ps1">Find-DbaInstance</a> on GitHub.
<br>
Want to see the Bill Of Health for this command? Check out <a href="https://dataplat.github.io/boh#Find-DbaInstance">Find-DbaInstance</a>.</p>
<h2 id="synopsis">Synopsis</h2>
<p>Search for SQL Server Instances.</p>
<h2 id="description">Description</h2>
<p>This function searches for SQL Server Instances.</p>
<p>It supports a variety of scans for this purpose which can be separated in two categories:</p>
<ul>
<li>Discovery</li>
<li>Scan</li>
</ul>
<p>Discovery:<br />
This is where it compiles a list of computers / addresses to check.<br />
It supports several methods of generating such lists (including Active Directory lookup or IP Ranges), but also supports specifying a list of computers to check.</p>
<ul>
<li>For details on discovery, see the documentation on the '-DiscoveryType' parameter</li>
<li>For details on explicitly providing a list, see the documentation on the '-ComputerName' parameter</li>
</ul>
<p>Scan:<br />
Once a list of computers has been provided, this command will execute a variety of actions to determine any instances present for each of them.<br />
This is described in more detail in the documentation on the '-ScanType' parameter.<br />
Additional parameters allow more granular control over individual scans (e.g. Credentials to use).</p>
<p>Note on logging and auditing:<br />
The Discovery phase is un-problematic since it is non-intrusive, however during the scan phase, all targeted computers may be accessed repeatedly.<br />
This may cause issues with security teams, due to many logon events and possibly failed authentication.<br />
This action constitutes a network scan, which may be illegal depending on the nation you are in and whether you own the network you scan.<br />
If you are unsure whether you may use this command in your environment, check the detailed description on the '-ScanType' parameter and contact your IT security team for advice.</p>
<h2 id="syntax">Syntax</h2>
<pre><code>Find-DbaInstance
    [-Credential &lt;PSCredential&gt;]
    [-SqlCredential &lt;PSCredential&gt;]
    [-ScanType {TCPPort | SqlConnect | SqlService | DNSResolve | SPN | Browser | Ping | Default | All}]
    [-DomainController &lt;String&gt;]
    [-TCPPort &lt;Int32[]&gt;]
    [-MinimumConfidence {None | Low | Medium | High}]
    [-EnableException]
    [&lt;CommonParameters&gt;]

Find-DbaInstance -ComputerName &lt;DbaInstanceParameter[]&gt;
    [-Credential &lt;PSCredential&gt;]
    [-SqlCredential &lt;PSCredential&gt;]
    [-ScanType {TCPPort | SqlConnect | SqlService | DNSResolve | SPN | Browser | Ping | Default | All}]
    [-DomainController &lt;String&gt;]
    [-TCPPort &lt;Int32[]&gt;]
    [-MinimumConfidence {None | Low | Medium | High}]
    [-EnableException]
    [&lt;CommonParameters&gt;]

Find-DbaInstance -DiscoveryType {IPRange | DomainSPN | Domain | DataSourceEnumeration | DomainServer | All}
    [-Credential &lt;PSCredential&gt;]
    [-SqlCredential &lt;PSCredential&gt;]
    [-ScanType {TCPPort | SqlConnect | SqlService | DNSResolve | SPN | Browser | Ping | Default | All}]
    [-IpAddress &lt;String[]&gt;]
    [-DomainController &lt;String&gt;]
    [-TCPPort &lt;Int32[]&gt;]
    [-MinimumConfidence {None | Low | Medium | High}]
    [-EnableException]
    [&lt;CommonParameters&gt;]

</code></pre>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
<p> </p>
<h5 id="example-1">Example:  1</h5>
<pre><code>PS C:\&gt; Find-DbaInstance -DiscoveryType Domain, DataSourceEnumeration
</code></pre>
<p>Performs a network search for SQL Instances by:<br></p>
<ul>
<li>Looking up the Service Principal Names of computers in Active Directory<br></li>
<li>Using the UDP broadcast based auto-discovery of SSMS<br>
After that it will extensively scan all hosts thus discovered for instances.<br></li>
</ul>
<h5 id="example-2">Example:  2</h5>
<pre><code>PS C:\&gt; Find-DbaInstance -DiscoveryType All
</code></pre>
<p>Performs a network search for SQL Instances, using all discovery protocols:<br></p>
<ul>
<li>Active directory search for Service Principal Names<br></li>
<li>SQL Instance Enumeration (same as SSMS does)<br></li>
<li>All IPAddresses in the current computer's subnets of all connected network interfaces<br>
Note: This scan will take a long time, due to including the IP Scan<br></li>
</ul>
<h5 id="example-3">Example:  3</h5>
<pre><code>PS C:\&gt; Get-ADComputer -Filter &quot;*&quot; | Find-DbaInstance
</code></pre>
<p>Scans all computers in the domain for SQL Instances, using a deep probe:<br></p>
<ul>
<li>Tries resolving the name in DNS<br></li>
<li>Tries pinging the computer<br></li>
<li>Tries listing all SQL Services using CIM/WMI<br></li>
<li>Tries discovering all instances via the browser service<br></li>
<li>Tries connecting to the default TCP Port (1433)<br></li>
<li>Tries connecting to the TCP port of each discovered instance<br></li>
<li>Tries to establish a SQL connection to the server using default windows credentials<br></li>
<li>Tries looking up the Service Principal Names for each instance<br></li>
</ul>
<h5 id="example-4">Example:  4</h5>
<pre><code>PS C:\&gt; Get-Content .\servers.txt | Find-DbaInstance -SqlCredential $cred -ScanType Browser, SqlConnect
</code></pre>
<p>Reads all servers from the servers.txt file (one server per line),<br>
then scans each of them for instances using the browser service<br>
and finally attempts to connect to each instance found using the specified credentials.<br>
then scans each of them for instances using the browser service and SqlService<br></p>
<h5 id="example-5">Example:  5</h5>
<pre><code>PS C:\&gt; Find-DbaInstance -ComputerName localhost | Get-DbaDatabase | Format-Table -Wrap
</code></pre>
<p>Scans localhost for instances using the browser service, traverses all instances for all databases and displays all information in a formatted table.<br></p>
<h5 id="example-6">Example:  6</h5>
<pre><code>PS C:\&gt; $databases = Find-DbaInstance -ComputerName localhost | Get-DbaDatabase
PS C:\&gt; $results = $databases | Select-Object SqlInstance, Name, Status, RecoveryModel, SizeMB, Compatibility, Owner, LastFullBackup, LastDiffBackup, LastLogBackup
PS C:\&gt; $results | Format-Table -Wrap
</code></pre>
<p>Scans localhost for instances using the browser service, traverses all instances for all databases and displays a subset of the important information in a formatted table.<br>
Using this method regularly is not recommended. Use Get-DbaService or Get-DbaRegServer instead.<br></p>
<h3 id="required-parameters">Required Parameters</h3>
<h5 id="computername">-ComputerName</h5>
<p>The computer to scan. Can be a variety of input types, including text or the output of Get-ADComputer.<br />
Any extra instance information (such as connection strings or live sql server connections) beyond the computername will be discarded. <br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>True</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>true (ByValue)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="discoverytype">-DiscoveryType</h5>
<p>The mechanisms to be used to discover instances.<br />
Supports any combination of:</p>
<ul>
<li>Service Principal Name lookup ('DomainSPN'; from Active Directory)</li>
<li>SQL Instance Enumeration ('DataSourceEnumeration'; same as SSMS uses)</li>
<li>IP Address range ('IPRange'; all IP Addresses will be scanned)</li>
<li>Domain Server lookup ('DomainServer'; from Active Directory)</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<ul>
<li><p>SPN Lookup</p>
<p>The function tries to connect active directory to look up all computers with registered SQL Instances.<br />
Not all instances need to be registered properly, making this not 100% reliable.<br />
By default, your nearest Domain Controller is contacted for this scan.<br />
However it is possible to explicitly state the DC to contact using its DistinguishedName and the '-DomainController' parameter.<br />
If credentials were specified using the '-Credential' parameter, those same credentials are used to perform this lookup, allowing the scan of other domains.</p>
</li>
<li><p>SQL Instance Enumeration</p>
<p>This uses the default UDP Broadcast based instance enumeration used by SSMS to detect instances.<br />
Note that the result from this is not used in the actual scan, but only to compile a list of computers to scan.<br />
To enable the same results for the scan, ensure that the 'Browser' scan is enabled.</p>
</li>
<li><p>IP Address range:</p>
<p>This 'Discovery' uses a range of IPAddresses and simply passes them on to be tested.<br />
See the 'Description' part of help on security issues of network scanning.<br />
By default, it will enumerate all ethernet network adapters on the local computer and scan the entire subnet they are on.<br />
By using the '-IpAddress' parameter, custom network ranges can be specified.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Domain Server:</p>
<p>This will discover every single computer in Active Directory that is a Windows Server and enabled.<br />
By default, your nearest Domain Controller is contacted for this scan.<br />
However it is possible to explicitly state the DC to contact using its DistinguishedName and the '-DomainController' parameter.<br />
If credentials were specified using the '-Credential' parameter, those same credentials are used to perform this lookup, allowing the scan of other domains. <br></p>
</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>True</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="optional-parameters">Optional Parameters</h3>
<h5 id="credential">-Credential</h5>
<p>The credentials to use on windows network connection.<br />
These credentials are used for:</p>
<ul>
<li>Contact to domain controllers for SPN lookups (only if explicit Domain Controller is specified)</li>
<li>CIM/WMI contact to the scanned computers during the scan phase (see the '-ScanType' parameter documentation on affected scans).<br></li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="sqlcredential">-SqlCredential</h5>
<p>The credentials used to connect to SqlInstances to during the scan phase.<br />
See the '-ScanType' parameter documentation on affected scans.<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="scantype">-ScanType</h5>
<p>The scans are the individual methods used to retrieve information about the scanned computer and any potentially installed instances.<br />
This parameter is optional, by default all scans except for establishing an actual SQL connection are performed.<br />
Scans can be specified in any arbitrary combination, however at least one instance detecting scan needs to be specified in order for data to be returned.<br />
Scans:</p>
<ul>
<li>Browser
<ul>
<li>Tries discovering all instances via the browser service</li>
<li>This scan detects instances.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SQLService
<ul>
<li>Tries listing all SQL Services using CIM/WMI</li>
<li>This scan uses credentials specified in the '-Credential' parameter if any.</li>
<li>This scan detects instances.</li>
<li>Success in this scan guarantees high confidence (See parameter '-MinimumConfidence' for details).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SPN
<ul>
<li>Tries looking up the Service Principal Names for each instance</li>
<li>Will use the nearest Domain Controller by default</li>
<li>Target a specific domain controller using the '-DomainController' parameter</li>
<li>If using the '-DomainController' parameter, use the '-Credential' parameter to specify the credentials used to connect</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>TCPPort
<ul>
<li>Tries connecting to the TCP Ports.</li>
<li>By default, port 1433 is connected to.</li>
<li>The parameter '-TCPPort' can be used to provide a list of port numbers to scan.</li>
<li>This scan detects possible instances. Since other services might bind to a given port, this is not the most reliable test.</li>
<li>This scan is also used to validate found SPNs if both scans are used in combination</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>DNSResolve
<ul>
<li>Tries resolving the computername in DNS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Ping
<ul>
<li>Tries pinging the computer. Failure will NOT terminate scans.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SqlConnect
<ul>
<li>Tries to establish a SQL connection to the server</li>
<li>Uses windows credentials by default</li>
<li>Specify custom credentials using the '-SqlCredential' parameter</li>
<li>This scan is not used by default</li>
<li>Success in this scan guarantees high confidence (See parameter '-MinimumConfidence' for details).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>All
<ul>
<li>All of the above<br></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td>Default</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Accepted Values</td>
<td>Default,SQLService,Browser,TCPPort,All,SPN,Ping,SqlConnect,DNSResolve</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="ipaddress">-IpAddress</h5>
<p>This parameter can be used to override the defaults for the IPRange discovery.<br />
This parameter accepts a list of strings supporting any combination of:</p>
<ul>
<li>Plain IP Addresses (e.g.: &quot;10.1.1.1&quot;)</li>
<li>IP Address Ranges (e.g.: &quot;10.1.1.1-10.1.1.5&quot;)</li>
<li>IP Address &amp; Subnet Mask (e.g.: &quot;10.1.1.1/255.255.255.0&quot;)</li>
<li>IP Address &amp; Subnet Length: (e.g.: &quot;10.1.1.1/24)<br />
Overlapping addresses will not result in duplicate scans.<br></li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="domaincontroller">-DomainController</h5>
<p>The domain controller to contact for SPN lookups / searches.<br />
Uses the credentials from the '-Credential' parameter if specified.<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="tcpport">-TCPPort</h5>
<p>The ports to scan in the TCP Port Scan method.<br />
Defaults to 1433.<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td>1433</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="minimumconfidence">-MinimumConfidence</h5>
<p>This command tries to discover instances, which isn't always a sure thing.<br />
Depending on the number and type of scans completed, we have different levels of confidence in our results.<br />
By default, we will return anything that we have at least a low confidence of being an instance.<br />
These are the confidence levels we support and how they are determined:</p>
<ul>
<li>High: Established SQL Connection (including rejection for bad credentials) or service scan.</li>
<li>Medium: Browser reply or a combination of TCPConnect <em>and</em> SPN test.</li>
<li>Low: Either TCPConnect <em>or</em> SPN</li>
<li>None: Computer existence could be verified, but no sign of an SQL Instance<br></li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td>Low</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="enableexception">-EnableException</h5>
<p>By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.<br />
This avoids overwhelming you with &quot;sea of red&quot; exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.<br />
Using this switch turns this &quot;nice by default&quot; feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>

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