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                    <h1 id="invoke-dbadbshrink">Invoke-DbaDbShrink</h1>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Author</strong></td>
<td>Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Availability</strong></td>
<td>Windows, Linux, macOS</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p>Want to see the source code for this command? Check out <a href="https://github.com/dataplat/dbatools/blob/master/public/Invoke-DbaDbShrink.ps1">Invoke-DbaDbShrink</a> on GitHub.
<br>
Want to see the Bill Of Health for this command? Check out <a href="https://dataplat.github.io/boh#Invoke-DbaDbShrink">Invoke-DbaDbShrink</a>.</p>
<h2 id="synopsis">Synopsis</h2>
<p>Shrinks all files in a database. This is a command that should rarely be used.</p>
<ul>
<li>Shrinks can cause severe index fragmentation (to the tune of 99%)</li>
<li>Shrinks can cause massive growth in the database's transaction log</li>
<li>Shrinks can require a lot of time and system resources to perform data movement</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="description">Description</h2>
<p>Shrinks all files in a database. Databases should be shrunk only when completely necessary.</p>
<p>Many awesome SQL people have written about why you should not shrink your data files. Paul Randal and Kalen Delaney wrote great posts about this topic:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/why-you-should-not-shrink-your-data-files">http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/why-you-should-not-shrink-your-data-files</a><br />
<a href="https://www.itprotoday.com/sql-server/shrinking-data-files">https://www.itprotoday.com/sql-server/shrinking-data-files</a></p>
<p>However, there are some cases where a database will need to be shrunk. In the event that you must shrink your database:</p>
<ol>
<li>Ensure you have plenty of space for your T-Log to grow</li>
<li>Understand that shrinks require a lot of CPU and disk resources</li>
<li>Consider running DBCC INDEXDEFRAG or ALTER INDEX ... REORGANIZE after the shrink is complete.</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="syntax">Syntax</h2>
<pre><code>Invoke-DbaDbShrink
    [[-SqlInstance] &lt;DbaInstanceParameter[]&gt;]
    [-SqlCredential &lt;PSCredential&gt;]
    [-Database &lt;Object[]&gt;]
    [-ExcludeDatabase &lt;Object[]&gt;]
    [-AllUserDatabases]
    [-PercentFreeSpace &lt;Int32&gt;]
    [-ShrinkMethod &lt;String&gt;]
    [-FileType &lt;String&gt;]
    [-StepSize &lt;Int64&gt;]
    [-StatementTimeout &lt;Int32&gt;]
    [-ExcludeIndexStats]
    [-ExcludeUpdateUsage]
    [-EnableException]
    [-InputObject &lt;Database[]&gt;]
    [-WhatIf]
    [-Confirm]
    [&lt;CommonParameters&gt;]

</code></pre>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
<p> </p>
<h5 id="example-1">Example:  1</h5>
<pre><code>PS C:\&gt; Invoke-DbaDbShrink -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database Northwind,pubs,Adventureworks2014
</code></pre>
<p>Shrinks Northwind, pubs and Adventureworks2014 to have as little free space as possible.<br></p>
<h5 id="example-2">Example:  2</h5>
<pre><code>PS C:\&gt; Invoke-DbaDbShrink -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -PercentFreeSpace 50
</code></pre>
<p>Shrinks AdventureWorks2014 to have 50% free space. So let's say AdventureWorks2014 was 1GB and it's using 100MB space. The database free space would be reduced to 50MB.<br></p>
<h5 id="example-3">Example:  3</h5>
<pre><code>PS C:\&gt; Invoke-DbaDbShrink -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -PercentFreeSpace 50 -FileType Data -StepSize 25MB
</code></pre>
<p>Shrinks AdventureWorks2014 to have 50% free space, runs shrinks in 25MB chunks for improved performance.<br></p>
<h5 id="example-4">Example:  4</h5>
<pre><code>PS C:\&gt; Invoke-DbaDbShrink -SqlInstance sql2012 -AllUserDatabases
</code></pre>
<p>Shrinks all user databases on SQL2012 (not ideal for production)<br></p>
<h5 id="example-5">Example:  5</h5>
<pre><code>PS C:\&gt; Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2012 -Database Northwind,pubs | Invoke-DbaDbShrink
</code></pre>
<p>Shrinks all databases coming from a pre-filtered list via Get-DbaDatabase<br></p>
<h3 id="optional-parameters">Optional Parameters</h3>
<h5 id="sqlinstance">-SqlInstance</h5>
<p>The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to the default instance on localhost.<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>true (ByValue)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="sqlcredential">-SqlCredential</h5>
<p>Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Accepts PowerShell credentials (Get-Credential).<br />
Windows Authentication, SQL Server Authentication, Active Directory - Password, and Active Directory - Integrated are all supported.<br />
For MFA support, please use Connect-DbaInstance..<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="database">-Database</h5>
<p>The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="excludedatabase">-ExcludeDatabase</h5>
<p>The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="alluserdatabases">-AllUserDatabases</h5>
<p>Run command against all user databases.<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="percentfreespace">-PercentFreeSpace</h5>
<p>Specifies how much free space to leave, defaults to 0.<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="shrinkmethod">-ShrinkMethod</h5>
<p>Specifies the method that is used to shrink the database<br />
Default<br />
Data in pages located at the end of a file is moved to pages earlier in the file. Files are truncated to reflect allocated space.<br />
EmptyFile<br />
Migrates all of the data from the referenced file to other files in the same filegroup. (DataFile and LogFile objects only).<br />
NoTruncate<br />
Data in pages located at the end of a file is moved to pages earlier in the file.<br />
TruncateOnly<br />
Data distribution is not affected. Files are truncated to reflect allocated space, recovering free space at the end of any file.<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td>Default</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Accepted Values</td>
<td>Default,EmptyFile,NoTruncate,TruncateOnly</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="filetype">-FileType</h5>
<p>Specifies the files types that will be shrunk<br />
All - All Data and Log files are shrunk, using database shrink (Default)<br />
Data - Just the Data files are shrunk using file shrink<br />
Log - Just the Log files are shrunk using file shrink<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Accepted Values</td>
<td>All,Data,Log</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="stepsize">-StepSize</h5>
<p>Measured in bits - but no worries! PowerShell has a very cool way of formatting bits. Just specify something like: 1MB or 10GB. See the examples for more information.<br />
If specified, this will chunk a larger shrink operation into multiple smaller shrinks.<br />
If shrinking a file by a large amount there are benefits of doing multiple smaller chunks.<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="statementtimeout">-StatementTimeout</h5>
<p>Timeout in minutes. Defaults to infinity (shrinks can take a while).<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="excludeindexstats">-ExcludeIndexStats</h5>
<p>Exclude statistics about fragmentation.<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="excludeupdateusage">-ExcludeUpdateUsage</h5>
<p>Exclude DBCC UPDATE USAGE for database.<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="enableexception">-EnableException</h5>
<p>By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.<br />
This avoids overwhelming you with &quot;sea of red&quot; exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.<br />
Using this switch turns this &quot;nice by default&quot; feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="inputobject">-InputObject</h5>
<p>A collection of databases (such as returned by Get-DbaDatabase)<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>true (ByValue)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="whatif">-WhatIf</h5>
<p>Shows what would happen if the command were to run.<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td>wi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="confirm">-Confirm</h5>
<p>Prompts for confirmation of every step. For example:<br />
Are you sure you want to perform this action?<br />
Performing the operation &quot;Shrink database&quot; on target &quot;pubs on SQL2016\VNEXT&quot;.<br />
[Y] Yes  [A] Yes to All  [N] No  [L] No to All  [S] Suspend  [?] Help (default is &quot;Y&quot;):<br></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Alias</td>
<td>cf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Required</td>
<td>False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipeline</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default Value</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>

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