index.html

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="generator" content="ReSpec 35.2.2">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<style>
span.example-title{text-transform:none}
:is(aside,div).example,div.illegal-example{padding:.5em;margin:1em 0;position:relative;clear:both}
div.illegal-example{color:red}
div.illegal-example p{color:#000}
aside.example div.example{border-left-width:.1em;border-color:#999;background:#fff}
</style>
<style>
.issue-label{text-transform:initial}
.warning>p:first-child{margin-top:0}
.warning{padding:.5em;border-left-width:.5em;border-left-style:solid}
span.warning{padding:.1em .5em .15em}
.issue.closed span.issue-number{text-decoration:line-through}
.issue.closed span.issue-number::after{content:" (Closed)";font-size:smaller}
.warning{border-color:#f11;border-color:var(--warning-border,#f11);border-width:.2em;border-style:solid;background:#fbe9e9;background:var(--warning-bg,#fbe9e9);color:#000;color:var(--text,#000)}
.warning-title:before{content:"⚠";font-size:1.3em;float:left;padding-right:.3em;margin-top:-.3em}
li.task-list-item{list-style:none}
input.task-list-item-checkbox{margin:0 .35em .25em -1.6em;vertical-align:middle}
.issue a.respec-gh-label{padding:5px;margin:0 2px 0 2px;font-size:10px;text-transform:none;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;border-radius:4px;position:relative;bottom:2px;border:none;display:inline-block}
</style>
<style>
dfn{cursor:pointer}
.dfn-panel{position:absolute;z-index:35;min-width:300px;max-width:500px;padding:.5em .75em;margin-top:.6em;font-family:"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:small;background:#fff;background:var(--indextable-hover-bg,#fff);color:#000;color:var(--text,#000);box-shadow:0 1em 3em -.4em rgba(0,0,0,.3),0 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.05);box-shadow:0 1em 3em -.4em var(--tocsidebar-shadow,rgba(0,0,0,.3)),0 0 1px 1px var(--tocsidebar-shadow,rgba(0,0,0,.05));border-radius:2px}
.dfn-panel:not(.docked)>.caret{position:absolute;top:-9px}
.dfn-panel:not(.docked)>.caret::after,.dfn-panel:not(.docked)>.caret::before{content:"";position:absolute;border:10px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:10px solid #fff;border-bottom-color:var(--indextable-hover-bg,#fff);top:0}
.dfn-panel:not(.docked)>.caret::before{border-bottom:9px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom-color:var(--indextable-hover-bg,#a2a9b1)}
.dfn-panel *{margin:0}
.dfn-panel b{display:block;color:#000;color:var(--text,#000);margin-top:.25em}
.dfn-panel ul a[href]{color:#333;color:var(--text,#333)}
.dfn-panel>div{display:flex}
.dfn-panel a.self-link{font-weight:700;margin-right:auto}
.dfn-panel .marker{padding:.1em;margin-left:.5em;border-radius:.2em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;font-size:90%;color:#040b1c}
.dfn-panel .marker.dfn-exported{background:#d1edfd;box-shadow:0 0 0 .125em #1ca5f940}
.dfn-panel .marker.idl-block{background:#8ccbf2;box-shadow:0 0 0 .125em #0670b161}
.dfn-panel a:not(:hover){text-decoration:none!important;border-bottom:none!important}
.dfn-panel a[href]:hover{border-bottom-width:1px}
.dfn-panel ul{padding:0}
.dfn-panel li{margin-left:1em}
.dfn-panel.docked{position:fixed;left:.5em;top:unset;bottom:2em;margin:0 auto;max-width:calc(100vw - .75em * 2 - .5em - .2em * 2);max-height:30vh;overflow:auto}
</style>
    
    
<title>Web Application Manifest</title>
    
<style id="respec-mainstyle">
@keyframes pop{
0%{transform:scale(1,1)}
25%{transform:scale(1.25,1.25);opacity:.75}
100%{transform:scale(1,1)}
}
a.internalDFN{color:inherit;border-bottom:1px solid #99c;text-decoration:none}
a.externalDFN{color:inherit;border-bottom:1px dotted #ccc;text-decoration:none}
a.bibref{text-decoration:none}
.respec-offending-element:target{animation:pop .25s ease-in-out 0s 1}
.respec-offending-element,a[href].respec-offending-element{text-decoration:red wavy underline}
@supports not (text-decoration:red wavy underline){
.respec-offending-element:not(pre){display:inline-block}
.respec-offending-element{background:url(data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODdhBAADAPEAANv///8AAP///wAAACwAAAAABAADAEACBZQjmIAFADs=) bottom repeat-x}
}
#references :target{background:#eaf3ff;animation:pop .4s ease-in-out 0s 1}
cite .bibref{font-style:normal}
a[href].orcid{padding-left:4px;padding-right:4px}
a[href].orcid>svg{margin-bottom:-2px}
ol.tof,ul.tof{list-style:none outside none}
.caption{margin-top:.5em;font-style:italic}
#issue-summary>ul{column-count:2}
#issue-summary li{list-style:none;display:inline-block}
details.respec-tests-details{margin-left:1em;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top}
details.respec-tests-details>*{padding-right:2em}
details.respec-tests-details[open]{z-index:999999;position:absolute;border:thin solid #cad3e2;border-radius:.3em;background-color:#fff;padding-bottom:.5em}
details.respec-tests-details[open]>summary{border-bottom:thin solid #cad3e2;padding-left:1em;margin-bottom:1em;line-height:2em}
details.respec-tests-details>ul{width:100%;margin-top:-.3em}
details.respec-tests-details>li{padding-left:1em}
.self-link:hover{opacity:1;text-decoration:none;background-color:transparent}
aside.example .marker>a.self-link{color:inherit}
.header-wrapper{display:flex;align-items:baseline}
:is(h2,h3,h4,h5,h6):not(#toc>h2,#abstract>h2,#sotd>h2,.head>h2){position:relative;left:-.5em}
:is(h2,h3,h4,h5,h6):not(#toch2)+a.self-link{color:inherit;order:-1;position:relative;left:-1.1em;font-size:1rem;opacity:.5}
:is(h2,h3,h4,h5,h6)+a.self-link::before{content:"§";text-decoration:none;color:var(--heading-text)}
:is(h2,h3)+a.self-link{top:-.2em}
:is(h4,h5,h6)+a.self-link::before{color:#000}
@media (max-width:767px){
dd{margin-left:0}
}
@media print{
.removeOnSave{display:none}
}
</style>
    
    
<style>

      .icon-title {
        text-transform: uppercase;
        font-weight: bold;
      }

      .icons {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: row;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
      }

      .icons > figure {
        text-align: left;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 10px;
        width: 188px;
      }

      .icons > figure > img {
        width: 188px;
        height: 188px;
        min-width: 188px;
        min-height: 188px;
      }

      .icons > figure .icon-title {
        display: block;
      }
    
</style>
  
<meta name="color-scheme" content="light">
<style>
ul.index{columns:30ch;column-gap:1.5em}
ul.index li{list-style:inherit}
ul.index li span{color:inherit;cursor:pointer;white-space:normal}
#index-defined-here ul.index li{font-size:.9rem}
ul.index code{color:inherit}
#index-defined-here .print-only{display:none}
@media print{
#index-defined-here .print-only{display:initial}
}
</style>
<style>
.mdn{font-size:.75em;position:absolute;right:.3em;min-width:0;margin-top:3rem}
.mdn details{width:100%;margin:1px 0;position:relative;z-index:10;box-sizing:border-box;padding:.4em;padding-top:0}
.mdn details[open]{min-width:25ch;max-width:32ch;background:#fff;background:var(--indextable-hover-bg,#fff);color:#000;color:var(--indextable-hover-text,#000);box-shadow:0 1em 3em -.4em rgba(0,0,0,.3),0 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.05);box-shadow:0 1em 3em -.4em var(--tocsidebar-shadow,rgba(0,0,0,.3)),0 0 1px 1px var(--tocsidebar-shadow,rgba(0,0,0,.05));border-radius:2px;z-index:11;margin-bottom:.4em}
.mdn summary{text-align:right;cursor:default;margin-right:-.4em}
.mdn summary span{font-family:zillaslab,Palatino,"Palatino Linotype",serif;color:#fff;color:var(--bg,#fff);background-color:#000;background-color:var(--text,#000);display:inline-block;padding:3px}
.mdn a{display:inline-block;word-break:break-all}
.mdn p{margin:0}
.mdn .engines-all{color:#058b00}
.mdn .engines-some{color:#b00}
.mdn table{width:100%;font-size:.9em}
.mdn td{border:none}
.mdn td:nth-child(2){text-align:right}
.mdn .nosupportdata{font-style:italic;margin:0}
.mdn tr::before{content:"";display:table-cell;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;background:no-repeat center center/contain;font-size:.75em}
.mdn .no,.mdn .unknown{color:#ccc;filter:grayscale(100%)}
.mdn .no::before,.mdn .unknown::before{opacity:.5}
.mdn .chrome::before,.mdn .chrome_android::before{background-image:url(https://www.w3.org/assets/logos/browser-logos/chrome/chrome.svg)}
.mdn .edge::before,.mdn .edge_mobile::before{background-image:url(https://www.w3.org/assets/logos/browser-logos/edge/edge.svg)}
.mdn .firefox::before,.mdn .firefox_android::before{background-image:url(https://www.w3.org/assets/logos/browser-logos/firefox/firefox.svg)}
.mdn .opera::before,.mdn .opera_android::before{background-image:url(https://www.w3.org/assets/logos/browser-logos/opera/opera.svg)}
.mdn .safari::before{background-image:url(https://www.w3.org/assets/logos/browser-logos/safari/safari.svg)}
.mdn .safari_ios::before{background-image:url(https://www.w3.org/assets/logos/browser-logos/safari-ios/safari-ios.svg)}
.mdn .samsunginternet_android::before{background-image:url(https://www.w3.org/assets/logos/browser-logos/samsung-internet/samsung-internet.svg)}
.mdn .webview_android::before{background-image:url(https://www.w3.org/assets/logos/browser-logos/android-webview/android-webview.png)}
</style>
<meta name="revision" content="2d9f7609b01f7a8ae56f285d23e228bbc456c103">
<meta name="description" content="This specification defines a JSON-based file format that provides
        developers with a centralized place to put metadata associated with a
        web application. This metadata includes, but is not limited to, the web
        application's name, links to icons, as well as the preferred URL to
        open when a user launches the web application. The manifest also allows
        developers to declare a default screen orientation for their web
        application, as well as providing the ability to set the display mode
        for the application (e.g., in fullscreen). Additionally, the manifest
        allows a developer to &quot;scope&quot; a web application to a URL. This
        restricts the URLs to which the manifest is applied and provides a
        means to &quot;deep link&quot; into a web application from other applications.">
<style>
.hljs{--base:#fafafa;--mono-1:#383a42;--mono-2:#686b77;--mono-3:#717277;--hue-1:#0b76c5;--hue-2:#336ae3;--hue-3:#a626a4;--hue-4:#42803c;--hue-5:#ca4706;--hue-5-2:#c91243;--hue-6:#986801;--hue-6-2:#9a6a01}
@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){
.hljs{--base:#282c34;--mono-1:#abb2bf;--mono-2:#818896;--mono-3:#5c6370;--hue-1:#56b6c2;--hue-2:#61aeee;--hue-3:#c678dd;--hue-4:#98c379;--hue-5:#e06c75;--hue-5-2:#be5046;--hue-6:#d19a66;--hue-6-2:#e6c07b}
}
.hljs{display:block;overflow-x:auto;padding:.5em;color:#383a42;color:var(--mono-1,#383a42);background:#fafafa;background:var(--base,#fafafa)}
.hljs-comment,.hljs-quote{color:#717277;color:var(--mono-3,#717277);font-style:italic}
.hljs-doctag,.hljs-formula,.hljs-keyword{color:#a626a4;color:var(--hue-3,#a626a4)}
.hljs-deletion,.hljs-name,.hljs-section,.hljs-selector-tag,.hljs-subst{color:#ca4706;color:var(--hue-5,#ca4706);font-weight:700}
.hljs-literal{color:#0b76c5;color:var(--hue-1,#0b76c5)}
.hljs-addition,.hljs-attribute,.hljs-meta-string,.hljs-regexp,.hljs-string{color:#42803c;color:var(--hue-4,#42803c)}
.hljs-built_in,.hljs-class .hljs-title{color:#9a6a01;color:var(--hue-6-2,#9a6a01)}
.hljs-attr,.hljs-number,.hljs-selector-attr,.hljs-selector-class,.hljs-selector-pseudo,.hljs-template-variable,.hljs-type,.hljs-variable{color:#986801;color:var(--hue-6,#986801)}
.hljs-bullet,.hljs-link,.hljs-meta,.hljs-selector-id,.hljs-symbol,.hljs-title{color:#336ae3;color:var(--hue-2,#336ae3)}
.hljs-emphasis{font-style:italic}
.hljs-strong{font-weight:700}
.hljs-link{text-decoration:underline}
</style>
<style>
var{position:relative;cursor:pointer}
var[data-type]::after,var[data-type]::before{position:absolute;left:50%;top:-6px;opacity:0;transition:opacity .4s;pointer-events:none}
var[data-type]::before{content:"";transform:translateX(-50%);border-width:4px 6px 0 6px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent;border-top-color:#222}
var[data-type]::after{content:attr(data-type);transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%);background:#222;text-align:center;font-family:"Dank Mono","Fira Code",monospace;font-style:normal;padding:6px;border-radius:3px;color:#daca88;text-indent:0;font-weight:400}
var[data-type]:hover::after,var[data-type]:hover::before{opacity:1}
</style>
<script id="initialUserConfig" type="application/json">{
  "mdn": true,
  "previousPublishDate": "2013-12-17",
  "specStatus": "ED",
  "shortName": "appmanifest",
  "prevVersion": "FPWD",
  "previousMaturity": "WD",
  "formerEditors": [
    {
      "name": "Matt Giuca",
      "company": "Google Inc.",
      "companyURL": "https://www.google.com/",
      "w3cid": 91260,
      "retiredDate": "2024-07-01"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anssi Kostiainen",
      "company": "Intel Corporation",
      "companyURL": "https://intel.com/",
      "w3cid": 41974,
      "retiredDate": "2024-05-10"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aaron Gustafson",
      "company": "Microsoft Corporation",
      "companyURL": "https://microsoft.com/",
      "w3cid": 43672,
      "retiredDate": "2024-05-10"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mounir Lamouri",
      "company": "Google Inc.",
      "companyURL": "https://www.google.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rob Dolin",
      "company": "Microsoft Corporation",
      "companyURL": "https://www.microsoft.com/"
    }
  ],
  "editors": [
    {
      "name": "Marcos Cáceres",
      "company": "Apple",
      "companyURL": "https://apple.com",
      "w3cid": 39125
    },
    {
      "name": "Kenneth Rohde Christiansen",
      "company": "Intel Corporation",
      "companyURL": "https://intel.com/",
      "w3cid": 57705
    },
    {
      "name": "Diego González",
      "company": "Microsoft Corporation",
      "companyURL": "https://microsoft.com/",
      "w3cid": 66757
    },
    {
      "name": "Daniel Murphy",
      "company": "Google Inc.",
      "companyURL": "https://www.google.com/",
      "w3cid": 90918
    },
    {
      "name": "Christian Liebel",
      "company": "Thinktecture AG",
      "companyURL": "https://www.thinktecture.com/",
      "w3cid": 109589
    }
  ],
  "group": "webapps",
  "github": "https://github.com/w3c/manifest/",
  "caniuse": "web-app-manifest",
  "xref": "web-platform",
  "gitRevision": "2d9f7609b01f7a8ae56f285d23e228bbc456c103",
  "publishISODate": "2025-02-07T00:00:00.000Z",
  "generatedSubtitle": "W3C Editor's Draft 07 February 2025"
}</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/W3C-ED"></head>
  <body data-cite="ENCODING SCREEN-ORIENTATION MEDIAQUERIES-5 IMAGE-RESOURCE MIMESNIFF HTML INFRA URL WEBIDL DOM FETCH" class="h-entry"><div class="head">
    <p class="logos"><a class="logo" href="https://www.w3.org/"><img crossorigin="" alt="W3C" height="48" src="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/logos/W3C" width="72">
  </a></p>
    <h1 id="title" class="title">Web Application Manifest</h1> 
    <p id="w3c-state"><a href="https://www.w3.org/standards/types#ED">W3C Editor's Draft</a> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2025-02-07">07 February 2025</time></p>
    <details open="">
      <summary>More details about this document</summary>
      <dl>
        <dt>This version:</dt><dd>
                <a class="u-url" href="https://w3c.github.io/manifest/">https://w3c.github.io/manifest/</a>
              </dd>
        <dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd>
                <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/appmanifest/">https://www.w3.org/TR/appmanifest/</a>
              </dd>
        <dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="https://w3c.github.io/manifest/">https://w3c.github.io/manifest/</a></dd>
        <dt>History:</dt><dd>
                    <a href="https://www.w3.org/standards/history/appmanifest/">https://www.w3.org/standards/history/appmanifest/</a>
                  </dd><dd>
                    <a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commits/">Commit history</a>
                  </dd>
        
        
        
        
        
        <dt>Editors:</dt><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="39125">
    <span class="p-name fn">Marcos Cáceres</span> (<a class="p-org org h-org" href="https://apple.com">Apple</a>)
  </dd><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="57705">
    <span class="p-name fn">Kenneth Rohde Christiansen</span> (<a class="p-org org h-org" href="https://intel.com/">Intel Corporation</a>)
  </dd><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="66757">
    <span class="p-name fn">Diego González</span> (<a class="p-org org h-org" href="https://microsoft.com/">Microsoft Corporation</a>)
  </dd><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="90918">
    <span class="p-name fn">Daniel Murphy</span> (<a class="p-org org h-org" href="https://www.google.com/">Google Inc.</a>)
  </dd><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="109589">
    <span class="p-name fn">Christian Liebel</span> (<a class="p-org org h-org" href="https://www.thinktecture.com/">Thinktecture AG</a>)
  </dd>
        <dt>
                Former editors:
              </dt><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="91260">
    <span class="p-name fn">Matt Giuca</span> (<a class="p-org org h-org" href="https://www.google.com/">Google Inc.</a>) -  Until <time datetime="2024-07-01">01 July 2024</time>
  </dd><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="41974">
    <span class="p-name fn">Anssi Kostiainen</span> (<a class="p-org org h-org" href="https://intel.com/">Intel Corporation</a>) -  Until <time datetime="2024-05-10">10 May 2024</time>
  </dd><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="43672">
    <span class="p-name fn">Aaron Gustafson</span> (<a class="p-org org h-org" href="https://microsoft.com/">Microsoft Corporation</a>) -  Until <time datetime="2024-05-10">10 May 2024</time>
  </dd><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard">
    <span class="p-name fn">Mounir Lamouri</span> (<a class="p-org org h-org" href="https://www.google.com/">Google Inc.</a>)
  </dd><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard">
    <span class="p-name fn">Rob Dolin</span> (<a class="p-org org h-org" href="https://www.microsoft.com/">Microsoft Corporation</a>)
  </dd>
        
        <dt>Feedback:</dt><dd>
        <a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/">GitHub w3c/manifest</a>
        (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pulls/">pull requests</a>,
        <a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/issues/new/choose">new issue</a>,
        <a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/issues/">open issues</a>)
      </dd>
        
        
      <dt class="caniuse-title">Browser support:</dt><dd class="caniuse-stats"><a href="https://caniuse.com/web-app-manifest">caniuse.com</a></dd></dl>
    </details>
    
    
    <p class="copyright">
    <a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/#copyright">Copyright</a>
    ©
    2025
    
    <a href="https://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web Consortium</a>.
    <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr><sup>®</sup>
    <a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
    <a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and
    <a rel="license" href="https://www.w3.org/copyright/software-license-2023/" title="W3C Software and Document Notice and License">permissive document license</a> rules apply.
  </p>
    <hr title="Separator for header">
  </div>
    <section id="abstract" class="introductory"><h2>Abstract</h2>
      <p>
        This specification defines a JSON-based file format that provides
        developers with a centralized place to put metadata associated with a
        web application. This metadata includes, but is not limited to, the web
        application's name, links to icons, as well as the preferred URL to
        open when a user launches the web application. The manifest also allows
        developers to declare a default screen orientation for their web
        application, as well as providing the ability to set the display mode
        for the application (e.g., in fullscreen). Additionally, the manifest
        allows a developer to "scope" a web application to a URL. This
        restricts the URLs to which the manifest is applied and provides a
        means to "deep link" into a web application from other applications.
      </p>
      <p>
        Using this metadata, user agents can provide developers with means to
        create user experiences that are more comparable to that of a native
        application.
      </p>
    </section>
    <section id="sotd" class="introductory"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this
      document at the time of its publication. A list of current <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>
      publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found
      in the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> technical reports index</a> at
      https://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
      <div class="warning" id="issue-container-generatedID"><div role="heading" class="warning-title marker" id="h-warning" aria-level="3"><span>Warning</span></div><aside class="">
        <p>
          Implementors need to be aware that this specification is not stable.
          However, aspects of this specification are shipping in at least one
          browser (see links to implementation status at the top of this
          document). <strong>Implementors who are not taking part in the
          discussions will find the specification changing out from under them
          in incompatible ways.</strong> Vendors interested in implementing
          this specification before it eventually reaches the Candidate
          Recommendation phase should <a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/issues">subscribe to the repository
          on GitHub</a> and take part in the discussions.
        </p>
      </aside></div>
    <p>
    This document was published by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/webapps">Web Applications Working Group</a> as
    an Editor's Draft. 
  </p><p>Publication as an Editor's Draft does not
  imply endorsement by <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> and its Members. </p><p>
    This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other
    documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other
    than work in progress.
    
  </p><p>
    
        This document was produced by a group
        operating under the
        <a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/patent-policy/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent
          Policy</a>.
      
    
                <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> maintains a
                <a rel="disclosure" href="https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/webapps/ipr">public list of any patent disclosures</a>
          made in connection with the deliverables of
          the group; that page also includes
          instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual
          knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains
          <a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/patent-policy/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a>
          must disclose the information in accordance with
          <a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/patent-policy/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
        
  </p><p>
                      This document is governed by the
                      <a id="w3c_process_revision" href="https://www.w3.org/policies/process/20231103/">03 November 2023 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Process Document</a>.
                    </p></section><nav id="toc"><h2 class="introductory" id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h2><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sotd">Status of This Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#web-application-manifest"><bdi class="secno">1. </bdi>
        Web Application Manifest
      </a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#examples"><bdi class="secno">1.1 </bdi>
          Examples
        </a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#typical-structure"><bdi class="secno">1.1.1 </bdi>
            Typical structure
          </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#using-a-link-element-to-link-to-a-manifest"><bdi class="secno">1.1.2 </bdi>
            Using a <code>link</code> element to link to a manifest
          </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#declaring-multiple-icons"><bdi class="secno">1.1.3 </bdi>
            Declaring multiple icons
          </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#creating-shortcuts"><bdi class="secno">1.1.4 </bdi>
            Creating shortcuts
          </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#understanding-scope"><bdi class="secno">1.1.5 </bdi>
            Understanding "scope"
          </a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#dir-member"><bdi class="secno">1.2 </bdi>
          <code>dir</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#lang-member"><bdi class="secno">1.3 </bdi>
          <code>lang</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#name-member"><bdi class="secno">1.4 </bdi>
          <code>name</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#short_name-member"><bdi class="secno">1.5 </bdi>
          <code>short_name</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#scope-member"><bdi class="secno">1.6 </bdi>
          <code>scope</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#icons-member"><bdi class="secno">1.7 </bdi>
          <code>icons</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#display-member"><bdi class="secno">1.8 </bdi>
          <code>display</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#orientation-member"><bdi class="secno">1.9 </bdi>
          <code>orientation</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#start_url-member"><bdi class="secno">1.10 </bdi>
          <code>start_url</code> member
        </a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#privacy-consideration-start_url-tracking"><bdi class="secno">1.10.1 </bdi>
            Privacy consideration: <span data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" data-link-for="manifest" data-xref-for="manifest" class="formerLink"><code>start_url</code></span> tracking
          </a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#id-member"><bdi class="secno">1.11 </bdi>
          <code>id</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#theme_color-member"><bdi class="secno">1.12 </bdi>
          <code>theme_color</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#background_color-member"><bdi class="secno">1.13 </bdi>
          <code>background_color</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#shortcuts-member"><bdi class="secno">1.14 </bdi>
          <code>shortcuts</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#x_localized-members"><bdi class="secno">1.15 </bdi>
          <code>*_localized</code> members
        </a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#localizing-text-values"><bdi class="secno">1.15.1 </bdi>
            Localizing text values
          </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#localizing-image-resources"><bdi class="secno">1.15.2 </bdi>
            Localizing image resources
          </a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#manifest-life-cycle"><bdi class="secno">1.16 </bdi>
          Manifest life-cycle
        </a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#processing"><bdi class="secno">1.16.1 </bdi>
            Processing the manifest
          </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#processing-color-members"><bdi class="secno">1.16.2 </bdi>
            Processing color members
          </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#processing-text-members"><bdi class="secno">1.16.3 </bdi>
            Processing text members
          </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#processing-the-manifest-without-a-document"><bdi class="secno">1.16.4 </bdi>
            Processing the manifest without a document
          </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#applying"><bdi class="secno">1.16.5 </bdi>
            Applying the manifest
          </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#updating"><bdi class="secno">1.16.6 </bdi>
            Updating the manifest
          </a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#manifest-image-resources"><bdi class="secno">2. </bdi>
        Manifest image resources
      </a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#purpose-member"><bdi class="secno">2.1 </bdi>
          <code>purpose</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#content-security-policy"><bdi class="secno">2.2 </bdi>
          Content security policy
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#icon-masks"><bdi class="secno">2.3 </bdi>
          Icon masks and safe zone
        </a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#examples-of-masks"><bdi class="secno">2.3.1 </bdi>
            Examples of masks
          </a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#icons-with-maskable-purpose"><bdi class="secno">2.3.1.1 </bdi>
            Icons with "maskable" purpose
          </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#mask-examples"><bdi class="secno">2.3.1.2 </bdi>
            Mask examples
          </a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#monochrome-icons-and-solid-fills"><bdi class="secno">2.4 </bdi>
          Monochrome icons and solid fills
        </a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#example-usage-of-monochrome-icons"><bdi class="secno">2.4.1 </bdi>
            Example usage of monochrome icons
          </a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#usage-examples"><bdi class="secno">2.4.1.1 </bdi>
            Usage examples
          </a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#processing-image-resources"><bdi class="secno">2.5 </bdi>
          Processing image resources
        </a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#shortcut-items"><bdi class="secno">3. </bdi>
        Shortcut items
      </a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#name-member-0"><bdi class="secno">3.1 </bdi>
          <code>name</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#short_name-member-0"><bdi class="secno">3.2 </bdi>
          <code>short_name</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#description-member"><bdi class="secno">3.3 </bdi>
          <code>description</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#url-member"><bdi class="secno">3.4 </bdi>
          <code>url</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#icons-member-0"><bdi class="secno">3.5 </bdi>
          <code>icons</code> member
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#launching-a-shortcut"><bdi class="secno">3.6 </bdi>
          <span>Launching a shortcut</span>
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#processing-shortcut-items"><bdi class="secno">3.7 </bdi>
          Processing shortcut items
        </a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#installable-web-applications"><bdi class="secno">4. </bdi>
        Installable web applications
      </a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#application-s-name"><bdi class="secno">4.1 </bdi>
          Application's name
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#launching-a-web-application"><bdi class="secno">4.2 </bdi>
          Launching a web application
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#installation-sec"><bdi class="secno">4.3 </bdi>
          Privacy and security considerations
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#uninstallation"><bdi class="secno">4.4 </bdi>
          Uninstallation
        </a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#nav-scope"><bdi class="secno">5. </bdi>
        Navigation scope
      </a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#navigation-scope-security-considerations"><bdi class="secno">5.1 </bdi>
          Security considerations
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#deep-links"><bdi class="secno">5.2 </bdi>
          Deep links
        </a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#display-modes"><bdi class="secno">6. </bdi>
        Display modes
      </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#priv-sec"><bdi class="secno">7. </bdi>
        Privacy and security considerations
      </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#iana-considerations"><bdi class="secno">A. </bdi>
        <abbr title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">IANA</abbr> considerations
      </a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#media-type-registration"><bdi class="secno">A.1 </bdi>
          Media type registration
        </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#link-relation-type-registration"><bdi class="secno">A.2 </bdi>
          Link relation type registration
        </a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#conformance"><bdi class="secno">B. </bdi>Conformance</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#extensibility"><bdi class="secno">B.1 </bdi>
          Extensibility
        </a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#proprietary-extensions"><bdi class="secno">B.1.1 </bdi>
            Proprietary manifest members
          </a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#incubations"><bdi class="secno">C. </bdi>
        Incubations
      </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#application-information"><bdi class="secno">D. </bdi>
        Application Information
      </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#relationship-to-html-s-link-and-meta-elements"><bdi class="secno">E. </bdi>
        Relationship to HTML's <code>link</code> and <code>meta</code> elements
      </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#json-schema"><bdi class="secno">F. </bdi>
        JSON Schema
      </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#internationalization"><bdi class="secno">G. </bdi>
        Internationalization
      </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#use-cases-and-requirements"><bdi class="secno">H. </bdi>
        Use Cases and Requirements
      </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#issue-summary"><bdi class="secno">I. </bdi>Issue summary</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#change-log"><bdi class="secno">J. </bdi>
        Change log
      </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#acknowledgements"><bdi class="secno">K. </bdi>
        Acknowledgements
      </a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#index"><bdi class="secno">L. </bdi>Index</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#index-defined-here"><bdi class="secno">L.1 </bdi>Terms defined by this specification</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#index-defined-elsewhere"><bdi class="secno">L.2 </bdi>Terms defined by reference</a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#references"><bdi class="secno">M. </bdi>References</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#normative-references"><bdi class="secno">M.1 </bdi>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#informative-references"><bdi class="secno">M.2 </bdi>Informative references</a></li></ol></li></ol></nav>
    <section id="web-application-manifest"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="x1-web-application-manifest"><bdi class="secno">1. </bdi>
        Web Application Manifest
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#web-application-manifest" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1."></a></div>
      
      <p>
        An <dfn data-export="" data-lt="manifest|application manifest|manifest's" data-local-lt="manifest's" id="dfn-manifest" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">application manifest</dfn> is a [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-json" title="The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format">JSON</a></cite>] document that
        contains startup parameters and application defaults for when a web
        application is launched.
      </p>
      <p>
        A manifest has an associated <dfn class="export" data-export="" id="dfn-manifest-url" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">manifest URL</dfn>,
        which is the [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-url" title="URL Standard">URL</a></cite>] from which the <a href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-1">manifest</a> was fetched.
      </p>
      <p>
        A <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-2">manifest</a> can have any of the following members at its root, all
        of which are optional. The members can appear in any order.
      </p>
      <ul>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-background_color" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-background_color-1"><code>background_color</code></a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-dir" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-dir-1"><code>dir</code></a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-display" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-display-1"><code>display</code></a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-icons" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-icons-1"><code>icons</code></a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-identity" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-identity-1">identity</a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-lang" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-lang-1"><code>lang</code></a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-name-1"><code>name</code></a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-orientation" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-orientation-1"><code>orientation</code></a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-scope-1"><code>scope</code></a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-short_name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-short_name-1"><code>short_name</code></a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-shortcuts" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-shortcuts-1"><code>shortcuts</code></a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start_url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start_url-1"><code>start_url</code></a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-theme_color" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-theme_color-1"><code>theme_color</code></a>
        </li>
      </ul>
      <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-0"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><aside class="">
        <p>
          Although it is optional for any member to appear in a manifest, some
          user agents might require one or more to be present to take full
          advantage of the capabilities afforded by this specification.
        </p>
      </aside></div>
      <section class="informative" id="examples"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-1-examples"><bdi class="secno">1.1 </bdi>
          Examples
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#examples" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.1"></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
        
        <p>
          This section shows how developers can make use of the various
          features of this specification.
        </p>
        <section class="informative" id="typical-structure"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="x1-1-1-typical-structure"><bdi class="secno">1.1.1 </bdi>
            Typical structure
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#typical-structure" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.1.1"></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
          
          <p>
            The following shows a typical <a href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-3">manifest</a>.
          </p>
          <div class="example" id="example-typical-manifest">
        <div class="marker">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-typical-manifest">Example<bdi> 1</bdi></a><span class="example-title">: Typical manifest</span>
  </div> <pre aria-busy="false"><code class="hljs json"><span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"lang"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"en"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"dir"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"ltr"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"name"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Super Racer 3000"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"short_name"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Racer3K"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"icons"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">[</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">"src"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"icon/lowres.webp"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">"sizes"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"64x64"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">"type"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"image/webp"</span>
  <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">"src"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"icon/lowres.png"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">"sizes"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"64x64"</span>
  <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">"src"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"icon/hd_hi"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">"sizes"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"128x128"</span>
  <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">]</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"scope"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"/"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"id"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"superracer"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"start_url"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"/start.html"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"display"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"fullscreen"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"orientation"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"landscape"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"theme_color"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"aliceblue"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"background_color"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"red"</span>
<span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
      </div>
        </section>
        <section class="informative" id="using-a-link-element-to-link-to-a-manifest"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="x1-1-2-using-a-link-element-to-link-to-a-manifest"><bdi class="secno">1.1.2 </bdi>
            Using a <code>link</code> element to link to a manifest
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#using-a-link-element-to-link-to-a-manifest" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.1.2"></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
          
          <p>
            The example also shows how to use the link type "manifest" and how
            to use other <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#meta" id="ref-for-index-term-meta-element-1">meta</a></code> and <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#the-link-element" id="ref-for-index-term-link-element-1">link</a></code> elements to give the web
            application a fallback name and set of icons.
          </p>
          <div class="example" id="example-linking-to-a-manifest">
        <div class="marker">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-linking-to-a-manifest">Example<bdi> 2</bdi></a><span class="example-title">: Linking to a manifest</span>
  </div> <pre aria-busy="false"><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-meta">&lt;!doctype&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">html</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">title</span>&gt;</span>Racer 3K<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">title</span>&gt;</span>

<span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- Startup configuration --&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">link</span> <span class="hljs-attr">rel</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"manifest"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">href</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"manifest.webmanifest"</span>&gt;</span>

<span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- Fallback application metadata for legacy browsers --&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">meta</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"application-name"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">content</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"Racer3K"</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">link</span> <span class="hljs-attr">rel</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"icon"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">sizes</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"16x16 32x32 48x48"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">href</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"lo_def.ico"</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">link</span> <span class="hljs-attr">rel</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"icon"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">sizes</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"512x512"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">href</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hi_def.png"</span>&gt;</span></code></pre>
      </div>
          <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-1"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-0" aria-level="5"><span>Note</span><span class="issue-label">: File extension: .webmanifest or .json?</span></div><aside class="">
            The <abbr title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">IANA</abbr> <a href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/manifest+json">
            registered</a> file extension for the manifest is <code>.webmanifest</code>.
            Some web servers recognize this extension and transfer the file
            using the standardized <a href="#dfn-application-manifest-media-type" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-application-manifest-media-type-1">application manifest media type</a>
            (<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-application-manifest-json" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-application-manifest-json-1"><code>application/manifest+json</code></a>). Developers can also choose a
            different extension (e.g. <code>.json</code>) or none at all (e.g.
            <code>/api/GetManifest</code>), but are encouraged to transfer the manifest
            using the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-application-manifest-json" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-application-manifest-json-2"><code>application/manifest+json</code></a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#mime-type" id="ref-for-index-term-mime-type-1">MIME type</a>, although
            any <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#json-mime-type" id="ref-for-index-term-json-mime-type-1">JSON MIME type</a> is ok.
          </aside></div>
        </section>
        <section class="informative" id="declaring-multiple-icons"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="x1-1-3-declaring-multiple-icons"><bdi class="secno">1.1.3 </bdi>
            Declaring multiple icons
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#declaring-multiple-icons" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.1.3"></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
          
          <p>
            In the following example, the developer has made the following
            choices about the icons associated with the web application:
          </p>
          <ul>
            <li>The developer has included two icons at the same size, but in
            two different formats. One is explicitly marked as WebP through the
            <code>type</code> member. If the user agent doesn't support WebP, it falls
            back to the second icon of the same size. The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#mime-type" id="ref-for-index-term-mime-type-2">MIME type</a> of
            this icon can then be either determined via a HTTP header, or can
            be <a data-lt="computed mime type" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#computed-mime-type" id="ref-for-index-term-computed-mime-type-1">sniffed</a> by the user agent
            once the first few bytes of the icon are received.
            </li>
            <li>The developer wants to use an SVG for greater than or equal to
            257x257px. They've found that the SVG file looks too blurry at
            small sizes, even on high-density screens. To deal with this
            problem, the developer includes an SVG icon that is only used when
            the dimensions are at least 257px. Otherwise, the user agent uses
            the ICO file (hd_hi.ico), which includes a gamut of raster icons
            individually tailored for small display sizes.
            </li>
          </ul>
          <div class="example" id="example-multiple-icons">
        <div class="marker">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-multiple-icons">Example<bdi> 3</bdi></a><span class="example-title">: Multiple icons</span>
  </div> <pre aria-busy="false"><code class="hljs json"><span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"icons"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"src"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"icon/lowres.webp"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"sizes"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"48x48"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"type"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"image/webp"</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"src"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"icon/lowres"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"sizes"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"48x48"</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"src"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"icon/hd_hi.ico"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"sizes"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"72x72 96x96 128x128 256x256"</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"src"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"icon/hd_hi.svg"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"sizes"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"257x257"</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">]</span>
<span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
      </div>
        </section>
        <section class="informative" id="creating-shortcuts"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="x1-1-4-creating-shortcuts"><bdi class="secno">1.1.4 </bdi>
            Creating shortcuts
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#creating-shortcuts" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.1.4"></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
          
          <p>
            In the following example, the developer has included two shortcuts.
            Assuming the manifest's URL is
            <samp>https://example.com/manifest.webmanifest</samp>:
          </p>
          <ul>
            <li>The first shortcut would be displayed with the text "Play
            Later". If the operating system supports icons for context menu
            items and it also supports SVG images for that purpose, the user
            agent would present
            <samp>https://example.com/icons/play-later.svg</samp> next to the
            text. When launched, the user agent would instantiate a new
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-1">top-level browsing context</a> and navigate to
            <samp>https://example.com/play-later</samp>.
            </li>
            <li>The second shortcut would be displayed with the text
            "Subscriptions". When launched, the user agent would instantiate a
            new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-2">top-level browsing context</a> and navigate to
            <samp>https://example.com/subscriptions?sort=desc</samp>.
            </li>
          </ul>
          <div class="example" id="example-adding-shortcuts">
        <div class="marker">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-adding-shortcuts">Example<bdi> 4</bdi></a><span class="example-title">: Adding shortcuts</span>
  </div> <pre aria-busy="false"><code class="hljs json"><span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"shortcuts"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"name"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Play Later"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"description"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"View the list of podcasts you saved for later"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"url"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"/play-later"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"icons"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">[</span>
        <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
          <span class="hljs-attr">"src"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"/icons/play-later.svg"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
          <span class="hljs-attr">"type"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"image/svg+xml"</span>
        <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="hljs-punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"name"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Subscriptions"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"description"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"View the list of podcasts you listen to"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"url"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"/subscriptions?sort=desc"</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="hljs-punctuation">]</span>
<span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
      </div>
        </section>
        <section class="informative" id="understanding-scope"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="x1-1-5-understanding-scope"><bdi class="secno">1.1.5 </bdi>
            Understanding "scope"
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#understanding-scope" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.1.5"></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
          
          <p>
            The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-scope-2"><code>scope</code></a> member tells the browser which documents are
            part of a web application, and which are not - and hence, to which
            set of web pages the manifest is "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-apply" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-apply-1">applied</a>" when the user
            navigates around a web site.
          </p>
          <p>
            For example, <code>{"scope": "/"}</code> means that the manifest applies to
            every document in an origin. On the other hand, <code>{"scope":
            "/racer/"}</code> means that only documents within the path "/racer/" are
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-1">within scope</a>: so "/racer/race1.html", "/racer/race2.html",
            etc. would all be <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-2">within scope</a>, but "/elsewhere/" and
            anything at the root "/" would be "out of scope" and the manifest
            wouldn't apply to documents in those paths. Only one scope path is
            supported. See <a href="#nav-scope" data-matched-text="[[[#nav-scope]]]" class="sec-ref"><bdi class="secno">5. </bdi>
        Navigation scope</a> for the technical details.
          </p>
          <p>
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-apply" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-apply-2">Applying</a> a manifest means that any members that affect
            presentation found in the manifest will come into effect, such as
            display "fullscreen", or applying a particular screen orientation.
            As long as the application is navigated to URLs that are
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-3">within scope</a>, the browser will continue to apply the
            manifest. However, navigating the web applications "out of scope"
            will cause the manifest to no longer be applied, and the browser
            will apply its own defaults. This will cause, for example, the
            application to no longer be displayed in fullscreen, and instead be
            displayed as a regular web page in a browser tab. It's left up to
            implementers to decide how to deal with web pages being navigated
            in and out of scope. See <a href="#applying" data-matched-text="[[[#applying]]]" class="sec-ref"><bdi class="secno">1.16.5 </bdi>
            Applying the manifest</a> for the technical details.
          </p>
          <p>
            Finally, as it's possible that a user can install a web application
            from any document within an origin, it's good practice to always
            declare a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-scope-3"><code>scope</code></a> member in a manifest. If the
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-scope-4"><code>scope</code></a> member is missing from the manifest, then the
            path of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start_url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start_url-2"><code>start_url</code></a> member is used as a fallback.
            And if the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start_url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start_url-3"><code>start_url</code></a> member is also missing, then the
            document URL from which the web application is installed gets used
            as the scope. To be sure you don't get any unexpected navigation
            behavior, always include a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-scope-5"><code>scope</code></a> member preferably set
            to <code>"/"</code>.
          </p>
        </section>
      </section>
      <section id="dir-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-2-dir-member"><bdi class="secno">1.2 </bdi>
          <code>dir</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#dir-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.2"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-4">manifest's</a> <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest" id="dfn-dir" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">dir</dfn></code> member specifies the <dfn id="dfn-default-direction" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">default
          direction</dfn> for the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-1">localizable members</a> of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-5">manifest</a>.
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-dir" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-dir-2"><code>dir</code></a> member's value can be set to a
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-text-directions" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-text-directions-1">text-direction</a>.
        </p>
        <p>
          The <dfn data-plurals="text-direction" id="dfn-text-directions" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">text-directions</dfn> are the following, implying that the
          value of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-2">localizable members</a> is by default:
        </p>
        <dl>
          <dt>
            "<dfn data-dfn-for="text-direction" id="dfn-ltr" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">ltr</dfn>"
          </dt>
          <dd>
            Left-to-right text.
          </dd>
          <dt>
            "<dfn data-dfn-for="text-direction" id="dfn-rtl" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">rtl</dfn>"
          </dt>
          <dd>
            Right-to-left text.
          </dd>
          <dt>
            "<dfn data-dfn-for="text-direction" id="dfn-auto" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">auto</dfn>" (default)
          </dt>
          <dd>
            Text direction is unknown. The user agent should use heuristics to
            estimate the display of the text, for example the first-strong
            algorithm as described in [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-uax9" title="Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm">UAX9</a></cite>].
          </dd>
        </dl>
        <p>
          The <dfn id="dfn-text-direction-list" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">text-direction list</dfn> is the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-index-term-list-1">list</a> «
          "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-ltr" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-ltr-1">ltr</a>", "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-rtl" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-rtl-1">rtl</a>",
          "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-auto" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-auto-1">auto</a>" ».
        </p>
        <p>
          To <dfn id="dfn-process-the-dir-member" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">process the <code>dir</code> member</dfn>, given <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-1">ordered map</a>
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-2">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>:
        </p>
        <ol class="algorithm">
          <li>Set <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["dir"] to "auto".
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["dir"] doesn't <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-1">exist</a> or if <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["dir"] is not
          a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-1">string</a>, return.
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace" id="ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-1">Strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace</a> from
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["dir"].
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ascii-lowercase" id="ref-for-index-term-ascii-lowercase-1">ASCII lowercase</a> <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["dir"].
          </li>
          <li>If <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-text-direction-list" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-text-direction-list-1">text-direction list</a> doesn't <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-contain" id="ref-for-index-term-contain-for-list-1">contain</a>
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["dir"], return.
          </li>
          <li>Set <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["dir"] to <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["dir"].
          </li>
        </ol>
      </section>
      <section id="lang-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-3-lang-member"><bdi class="secno">1.3 </bdi>
          <code>lang</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#lang-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.3"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-6">manifest's</a> <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest" id="dfn-lang" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">lang</dfn></code> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-2">string</a> in the form of a
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-language-tag" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-language-tag-1">language tag</a> that specifies the language for the values of the
          manifest's <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-3">localizable members</a>. If the <code>lang</code> member is not
          specified, the language is treated as unknown.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-2"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-1" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
          Specifying the language improves the user experience by helping user
          agents select the most appropriate processing or resources, such as
          fonts, styling, hyphenation, or text-to-speech voices for
          accessibility.
        </p></div>
        <p>
          A <dfn id="dfn-language-tag" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">language tag</dfn> is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-3">string</a> that matches the production
          of a well-formed <code>Language-Tag</code> defined in [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-bcp47" title="Tags for Identifying Languages">BCP47</a></cite>].
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-3"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-2" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
          Language tags are case-insensitive. Examples of language tags include
          '<code>fr</code>' (French), '<code>en-AU</code>' (English as spoken in Australia), or
          '<code>zh-Hans-CN</code>' (Chinese as written in the Simplified Han script as
          spoken in China).
        </p></div>
        <p>
          To <dfn id="dfn-process-the-lang-member" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">process the <code>lang</code> member</dfn>, given <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-3">ordered map</a>
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-4">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>:
        </p>
        <ol class="algorithm">
          <li>If <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["lang"] doesn't <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-2">exist</a> or if <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["lang"] is
          not a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-4">string</a>, return.
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace" id="ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-2">Strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace</a> from
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["lang"].
          </li>
          <li>If calling <a href="https://tc39.es/ecma402/#sec-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag" id="ref-for-index-term-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag-1">IsStructurallyValidLanguageTag</a>
          with <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["lang"] returns <code>false</code>, return.
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-set" id="ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-1">Set</a> <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["lang"] to the result of calling the
          <a href="https://tc39.es/ecma402/#sec-canonicalizeunicodelocaleid" id="ref-for-index-term-canonicalizeunicodelocaleid-1">CanonicalizeUnicodeLocaleId</a>
          abstract operation with <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["lang"].
          </li>
        </ol>
      </section>
      <aside class="mdn"><details>
    <summary aria-label="Expand MDN details for name"><span>MDN</span><span> </span></summary>
    <a title="The name member is a string that represents the name of the web application as it is usually displayed to the user (e.g., amongst a list of other applications, or as a label for an icon). name is directionality-capable, which means it can be displayed left-to-right or right-to-left based on the values of the dir and lang manifest members." href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest/name">name</a>
    
    <table>
    <tr class="chrome yes">
      <td>Chrome</td>
      <td>39+</td>
    </tr><tr class="chrome_android unknown">
      <td>Chrome Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge unknown">
      <td>Edge</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge_mobile unknown">
      <td>Edge Mobile</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox unknown">
      <td>Firefox</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox_android no">
      <td>Firefox Android</td>
      <td>No</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera unknown">
      <td>Opera</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera_android unknown">
      <td>Opera Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari unknown">
      <td>Safari</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari_ios yes">
      <td>Safari iOS</td>
      <td>11.3+</td>
    </tr><tr class="samsunginternet_android unknown">
      <td>Samsung Internet</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="webview_android yes">
      <td>WebView Android</td>
      <td>Yes</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
  </details></aside><section id="name-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-4-name-member"><bdi class="secno">1.4 </bdi>
          <code>name</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#name-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.4"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-7">manifest's</a> <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest" id="dfn-name" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">name</dfn></code> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-5">string</a> that
          represents the name of the web application as it is usually displayed
          to the user (e.g., amongst a list of other applications, or as a
          label for an icon).
        </p>
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-name-2"><code>name</code></a> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-4">localizable member</a>.
        </p>
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-name-3"><code>name</code></a> member serves as the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/#dfn-accessible-name" id="ref-for-index-term-accessible-name-1">accessible name</a> of an
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-installed-web-application" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-web-application-1">installed web application</a>.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-4"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-3" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span><span class="issue-label">: Processing the `name` member</span></div><p class="">
          When <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processing-a-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-1">processing a manifest</a>, the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-text-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-text-member-1">process a text member</a>
          algorithm is used to process the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-name-4"><code>name</code></a> member.
        </p></div>
      </section>
      <aside class="mdn"><details>
    <summary aria-label="Expand MDN details for short_name"><span>MDN</span><span> </span></summary>
    <a title="The short_name member is a string that represents the name of the web application displayed to the user if there is not enough space to display name (e.g., as a label for an icon on the phone home screen). short_name is directionality-capable, which means it can be displayed left-to-right or right-to-left based on the value of the dir and lang manifest members." href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest/short_name">short_name</a>
    
    <table>
    <tr class="chrome yes">
      <td>Chrome</td>
      <td>39+</td>
    </tr><tr class="chrome_android unknown">
      <td>Chrome Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge unknown">
      <td>Edge</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge_mobile unknown">
      <td>Edge Mobile</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox unknown">
      <td>Firefox</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox_android no">
      <td>Firefox Android</td>
      <td>No</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera unknown">
      <td>Opera</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera_android unknown">
      <td>Opera Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari unknown">
      <td>Safari</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari_ios yes">
      <td>Safari iOS</td>
      <td>11.3+</td>
    </tr><tr class="samsunginternet_android unknown">
      <td>Samsung Internet</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="webview_android yes">
      <td>WebView Android</td>
      <td>Yes</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
  </details></aside><section id="short_name-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-5-short_name-member"><bdi class="secno">1.5 </bdi>
          <code>short_name</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#short_name-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.5"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-8">manifest's</a> <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest" id="dfn-short_name" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">short_name</dfn></code> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-6">string</a> that
          represents a short version of the name of the web application. It is
          intended to be used where there is insufficient space to display the
          full name of the web application.
        </p>
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-short_name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-short_name-2"><code>short_name</code></a> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-5">localizable member</a>.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-5"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-4" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span><span class="issue-label">: Processing the `short_name` member</span></div><p class="">
          When <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processing-a-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-2">processing a manifest</a>, the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-text-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-text-member-2">process a text member</a>
          algorithm is used to process the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-short_name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-short_name-3"><code>short_name</code></a> member.
        </p></div>
      </section>
      <aside class="mdn"><details>
    <summary aria-label="Expand MDN details for scope"><span>MDN</span><span> </span></summary>
    <a title="The scope member is a string that defines the navigation scope of this web application's application context. It restricts what web pages can be viewed while the manifest is applied. If the user navigates outside the scope, it reverts to a normal web page inside a browser tab or window." href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest/scope">scope</a>
    
    <table>
    <tr class="chrome yes">
      <td>Chrome</td>
      <td>53+</td>
    </tr><tr class="chrome_android unknown">
      <td>Chrome Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge unknown">
      <td>Edge</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge_mobile unknown">
      <td>Edge Mobile</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox unknown">
      <td>Firefox</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox_android unknown">
      <td>Firefox Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera unknown">
      <td>Opera</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera_android unknown">
      <td>Opera Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari unknown">
      <td>Safari</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari_ios yes">
      <td>Safari iOS</td>
      <td>11.3+</td>
    </tr><tr class="samsunginternet_android unknown">
      <td>Samsung Internet</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="webview_android unknown">
      <td>WebView Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
  </details></aside><section id="scope-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-6-scope-member"><bdi class="secno">1.6 </bdi>
          <code>scope</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#scope-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.6"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-9">manifest's</a> <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest" id="dfn-scope" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">scope</dfn></code> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-7">string</a> that
          represents the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-navigation-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-navigation-scope-1">navigation scope</a> of this web
          application's <a href="#dfn-application-context" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-application-context-1">application context</a>.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-6"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-5" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span><span class="issue-label">: Default scope</span></div><aside class="">
          <p>
            The "default scope" (when <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-scope-6"><code>scope</code></a> member is missing,
            empty, or failure) is the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start-url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start-url-1">start URL</a>, but with its filename,
            query, and fragment removed.
          </p>
        </aside></div>
        <p>
          To <dfn id="dfn-process-the-scope-member" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">process the <code>scope</code> member</dfn>, given <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-5">ordered map</a>
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-6">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>:
        </p>
        <ol class="algorithm">
          <li>Set <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["scope"] to the result of <a data-link-type="dfn" data-lt="URL Parser" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-parser" id="ref-for-index-term-url-parser-1">parsing</a>
          "." with <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["start_url"] as the base URL.
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["scope"] is the empty string, then return.
          </li>
          <li>Let <var data-type="URL">scope</var> be the result of <a data-link-type="dfn" data-lt="URL Parser" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-parser" id="ref-for-index-term-url-parser-2">parsing</a>
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["scope"] with <var>manifest URL</var> as the base URL.
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="URL">scope</var> is failure, return.
          </li>
          <li>Set <var data-type="URL">scope</var>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-query" id="ref-for-index-term-query-for-url-1">query</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-fragment" id="ref-for-index-term-fragment-for-url-1">fragment</a> to null.
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["start_url"] is not <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-4">within scope</a> of
          <var data-type="URL">scope</var>, return.
          </li>
          <li>Otherwise, set <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["scope"] to <var data-type="URL">scope</var>.
          </li>
        </ol>
      </section>
      <aside class="mdn"><details>
    <summary aria-label="Expand MDN details for icons"><span>MDN</span><span> </span></summary>
    <a title="The icons member specifies an array of objects representing image files that can serve as application icons for different contexts. For example, they can be used to represent the web application amongst a list of other applications, or to integrate the web application with an OS's task switcher and/or system preferences." href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest/icons">icons</a>
    
    <table>
    <tr class="chrome yes">
      <td>Chrome</td>
      <td>39+</td>
    </tr><tr class="chrome_android unknown">
      <td>Chrome Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge unknown">
      <td>Edge</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge_mobile unknown">
      <td>Edge Mobile</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox unknown">
      <td>Firefox</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox_android no">
      <td>Firefox Android</td>
      <td>No</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera unknown">
      <td>Opera</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera_android unknown">
      <td>Opera Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari unknown">
      <td>Safari</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari_ios yes">
      <td>Safari iOS</td>
      <td>15.4+</td>
    </tr><tr class="samsunginternet_android unknown">
      <td>Samsung Internet</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="webview_android yes">
      <td>WebView Android</td>
      <td>Yes</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
  </details></aside><section id="icons-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-7-icons-member"><bdi class="secno">1.7 </bdi>
          <code>icons</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#icons-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.7"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-10">manifest's</a> <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest" id="dfn-icons" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">icons</dfn></code> member are images that serve as iconic
          representations of the web application in various contexts. For
          example, they can be used to represent the web application amongst a
          list of other applications, or to integrate the web application with
          an <abbr title="Operating system">OS</abbr>'s task switcher and/or
          system preferences.
        </p>
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-icons" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-icons-2"><code>icons</code></a> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-6">localizable member</a>.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-7"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-6" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><aside class="">
          <p>
            When <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processing-a-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-3">processing a manifest</a>, the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-image-resources" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-image-resources-1">process image resources</a>
            algorithm is used to process the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-icons" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-icons-3"><code>icons</code></a> member.
          </p>
        </aside></div>
      </section>
      <aside class="mdn"><details>
    <summary aria-label="Expand MDN details for display"><span>MDN</span><span> </span></summary>
    <a title="The display member is a string that determines the developers' preferred display mode for the website. The display mode changes how much of browser UI is shown to the user and can range from browser (when the full browser window is shown) to fullscreen (when the app is fullscreened)." href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest/display">display</a>
    
    <table>
    <tr class="chrome yes">
      <td>Chrome</td>
      <td>39+</td>
    </tr><tr class="chrome_android unknown">
      <td>Chrome Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge unknown">
      <td>Edge</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge_mobile unknown">
      <td>Edge Mobile</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox unknown">
      <td>Firefox</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox_android yes">
      <td>Firefox Android</td>
      <td>47+</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera unknown">
      <td>Opera</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera_android unknown">
      <td>Opera Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari unknown">
      <td>Safari</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari_ios yes">
      <td>Safari iOS</td>
      <td>11.3+</td>
    </tr><tr class="samsunginternet_android unknown">
      <td>Samsung Internet</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="webview_android yes">
      <td>WebView Android</td>
      <td>Yes</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
  </details></aside><section id="display-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-8-display-member"><bdi class="secno">1.8 </bdi>
          <code>display</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#display-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.8"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-11">manifest's</a> <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest" id="dfn-display" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">display</dfn></code> member represents the developer's
          preferred <a href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-1">display mode</a> for the web application. Its value is a
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-2">display mode</a>.
        </p>
        <p>
          To <dfn id="dfn-process-the-display-member" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">process the <code>display</code> member</dfn>, given <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-7">ordered map</a>
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-8">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>:
        </p>
        <ol class="algorithm">
          <li>Set <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["display"] to "browser".
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["display"] doesn't <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-3">exist</a> or <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["display"]
          is not a a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-8">string</a>, return.
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace" id="ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-3">Strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace</a> from
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["display"].
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ascii-lowercase" id="ref-for-index-term-ascii-lowercase-2">ASCII lowercase</a> <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["display"].
          </li>
          <li>If <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-display-modes-list" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-display-modes-list-1">display modes list</a> doesn't <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-contain" id="ref-for-index-term-contain-for-list-2">contain</a>
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["display"], return.
          </li>
          <li>Set <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["display"] to <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["display"].
          </li>
        </ol>
      </section>
      <aside class="mdn"><details>
    <summary aria-label="Expand MDN details for orientation"><span>MDN</span><span title="This feature has limited support.">🚫</span></summary>
    <a title="The orientation member defines the default orientation for all the website's top-level browsing contexts." href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest/orientation">orientation</a>
    <p class="engines-some">This feature has limited support.</p>
    <table>
    <tr class="chrome yes">
      <td>Chrome</td>
      <td>39+</td>
    </tr><tr class="chrome_android unknown">
      <td>Chrome Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge unknown">
      <td>Edge</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge_mobile unknown">
      <td>Edge Mobile</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox unknown">
      <td>Firefox</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox_android unknown">
      <td>Firefox Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera unknown">
      <td>Opera</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera_android unknown">
      <td>Opera Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari unknown">
      <td>Safari</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari_ios no">
      <td>Safari iOS</td>
      <td>No</td>
    </tr><tr class="samsunginternet_android unknown">
      <td>Samsung Internet</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="webview_android unknown">
      <td>WebView Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
  </details></aside><section id="orientation-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-9-orientation-member"><bdi class="secno">1.9 </bdi>
          <code>orientation</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#orientation-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.9"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-12">manifest's</a> <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest" id="dfn-orientation" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">orientation</dfn></code> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-9">string</a> that
          serves as the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/screen-orientation/#dfn-default-screen-orientation" id="ref-for-index-term-default-screen-orientation-1">default screen orientation</a> for all <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-3">top-level
          browsing contexts</a> of the web application. The possible values are
          those of the <a data-link-type="enum" data-lt="OrientationLockType" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/screen-orientation/#dom-orientationlocktype" id="ref-for-index-term-orientationlocktype-enum-1"><code>OrientationLockType</code></a> enum, which in this
          specification are referred to as the <dfn id="dfn-orientation-values" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">orientation values</dfn>
          (i.e., "any", "natural", "landscape", "portrait", "portrait-primary",
          "portrait-secondary", "landscape-primary", or "landscape-secondary").
        </p>
        <p>
          If the user agent supports the value of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-orientation" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-orientation-2"><code>orientation</code></a>
          member as the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/screen-orientation/#dfn-default-screen-orientation" id="ref-for-index-term-default-screen-orientation-2">default screen orientation</a>, then that serves as
          the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/screen-orientation/#dfn-default-screen-orientation" id="ref-for-index-term-default-screen-orientation-3">default screen orientation</a> for the life of the web
          application (unless overridden by some other means at runtime). This
          means that the user agent <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em> return the orientation to the
          <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/screen-orientation/#dfn-default-screen-orientation" id="ref-for-index-term-default-screen-orientation-4">default screen orientation</a> any time the orientation is
          unlocked [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-screen-orientation" title="Screen Orientation">SCREEN-ORIENTATION</a></cite>] or the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-4">top-level browsing
          context</a> is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsing-the-web.html#navigate" id="ref-for-index-term-navigated-1">navigated</a>.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-8"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-7" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
          Although the specification relies on the [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-screen-orientation" title="Screen Orientation">SCREEN-ORIENTATION</a></cite>]'s
          <a data-link-type="enum" data-lt="OrientationLockType" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/screen-orientation/#dom-orientationlocktype" id="ref-for-index-term-orientationlocktype-enum-2"><code>OrientationLockType</code></a>, it is <em class="rfc2119">OPTIONAL</em> for a user agent to implement
          the [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-screen-orientation" title="Screen Orientation">SCREEN-ORIENTATION</a></cite>] API. Supporting the [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-screen-orientation" title="Screen Orientation">SCREEN-ORIENTATION</a></cite>]
          API is, of course, encouraged.
        </p></div>
        <p>
          Certain UI/UX concerns and/or platform conventions will mean that
          some screen orientations and <dfn id="dfn-cannot-be-used-together" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn" class="respec-offending-element" title="Found definition for &quot;cannot be used together&quot;, but nothing links to it. This is usually a spec bug!">cannot be used together</dfn>.
          Which orientations and display modes cannot be used together is left
          to the discretion of implementers. For example, for some user agents,
          it might not make sense to change the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/screen-orientation/#dfn-default-screen-orientation" id="ref-for-index-term-default-screen-orientation-5">default screen
          orientation</a> of an application while in <code>browser</code> <a href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-3">display
          mode</a>.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-9"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-8" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
          Once the web application is running, other means can change the
          orientation of a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-5">top-level browsing context</a> (such as via
          [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-screen-orientation" title="Screen Orientation">SCREEN-ORIENTATION</a></cite>] API).
        </p></div>
        <p>
          To <dfn id="dfn-process-the-orientation-member" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">process the <code>orientation</code> member</dfn>, given <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-9">ordered map</a>
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-10">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>:
        </p>
        <ol class="algorithm">
          <li>If <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["orientation"] doesn't <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-4">exist</a> or
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["orientation"] is not a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-10">string</a>, return.
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace" id="ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-4">Strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace</a> from
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["orientation"].
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ascii-lowercase" id="ref-for-index-term-ascii-lowercase-3">ASCII lowercase</a> <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["orientation"].
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["orientation"] doesn't <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-contain" id="ref-for-index-term-contain-for-list-3">contain</a> any of the
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-orientation-values" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-orientation-values-1">orientation values</a>, return.
          </li>
          <li>Set <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["orientation"] to <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["orientation"].
          </li>
        </ol>
      </section>
      <aside class="mdn"><details>
    <summary aria-label="Expand MDN details for start_url"><span>MDN</span><span> </span></summary>
    <a title="The start_url member is a string that represents the start URL of the web application — the preferred URL that should be loaded when the user launches the web application (e.g., when the user taps on the web application's icon from a device's application menu or homescreen)." href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest/start_url">start_url</a>
    
    <table>
    <tr class="chrome yes">
      <td>Chrome</td>
      <td>39+</td>
    </tr><tr class="chrome_android unknown">
      <td>Chrome Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge unknown">
      <td>Edge</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge_mobile unknown">
      <td>Edge Mobile</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox unknown">
      <td>Firefox</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox_android unknown">
      <td>Firefox Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera unknown">
      <td>Opera</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera_android unknown">
      <td>Opera Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari unknown">
      <td>Safari</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari_ios yes">
      <td>Safari iOS</td>
      <td>11.3+</td>
    </tr><tr class="samsunginternet_android unknown">
      <td>Samsung Internet</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="webview_android unknown">
      <td>WebView Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
  </details></aside><section id="start_url-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-10-start_url-member"><bdi class="secno">1.10 </bdi>
          <code>start_url</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#start_url-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.10"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-13">manifest's</a> <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest" id="dfn-start_url" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">start_url</dfn></code> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-11">string</a> that
          represents the <dfn class="export" data-export="" id="dfn-start-url" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">start URL</dfn> , which is
          <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-1">URL</a> that the developer would prefer the user agent load when
          the user launches the web application (e.g., when the user clicks on
          the icon of the web application from a device's application menu or
          homescreen).
        </p>
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start_url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start_url-4"><code>start_url</code></a> member is purely advisory, and a user
          agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> <a href="#dfn-ignore" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-ignore-1">ignore</a> it or provide the end-user the choice not to
          make use of it. A user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> also allow the end-user to modify
          the URL when, for instance, a bookmark for the web application is
          being created or any time thereafter.
        </p>
        <p>
          To <dfn id="dfn-process-the-start_url-member" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">process the <code>start_url</code> member</dfn>, given <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-11">ordered map</a>
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-12">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-2">URL</a>
          <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var>, and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-3">URL</a> <var data-type="URL">document URL</var>:
        </p>
        <ol class="algorithm">
          <li>Set <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["start_url"] to <var data-type="URL">document URL</var>.
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["start_url"] doesn't <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-5">exist</a> or
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["start_url"] is not a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-12">string</a>, return.
          </li>
          <li>If the type of <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["start_url"] is not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-13">string</a>, or if
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["start_url"] is the empty string, return.
          </li>
          <li>Let <var data-type="URL">start URL</var> be the result of <a data-link-type="dfn" data-lt="URL Parser" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-parser" id="ref-for-index-term-url-parser-3">parsing</a>
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["start_url"], using <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var> as the base URL.
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="URL">start URL</var> is failure, return.
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="URL">start URL</var> is not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#same-origin" id="ref-for-index-term-same-origin-1">same origin</a> as <var data-type="URL">document URL</var>,
          return.
          </li>
          <li>Otherwise, set <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["start_url"] to <var data-type="URL">start URL</var>.
          </li>
        </ol>
        <aside class="example" id="example-5"><div class="marker">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-5">Example<bdi> 5</bdi></a>
  </div>
          <p>
            For example, if the value of <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start_url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start_url-5"><code>start_url</code></a> is
            <samp>../start_point.html</samp>, and the manifest's URL is
            <samp>https://example.com/resources/manifest.webmanifest</samp>,
            then the result of <a data-link-type="dfn" data-lt="URL parser" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-parser" id="ref-for-index-term-url-parser-4">parsing</a> would be
            <samp>https://example.com/start_point.html</samp>.
          </p>
        </aside>
        <section id="privacy-consideration-start_url-tracking"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="x1-10-1-privacy-consideration-start_url-tracking"><bdi class="secno">1.10.1 </bdi>
            Privacy consideration: <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start_url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start_url-6"><code>start_url</code></a> tracking
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#privacy-consideration-start_url-tracking" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.10.1"></a></div>
          
          <p>
            It's conceivable that the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start_url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start_url-7"><code>start_url</code></a> could be crafted
            to indicate that the application was launched from outside the
            browser (e.g., <code>"start_url": "index.html?launcher=homescreen"</code>).
            This can be useful for analytics and possibly other customizations.
            However, it is also conceivable that developers could encode
            strings into the start_url that uniquely identify the user (e.g., a
            server-assigned identifier, such as <code>"?user=123"</code>, <code>"/user/123/"</code>,
            or <code>"https://user123.foo.bar"</code>). This is fingerprinting/privacy
            sensitive information that the user might not be aware of.
          </p>
          <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-10"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-9" aria-level="5"><span>Note</span><span class="issue-label">: Don't add identifiers to start URLs</span></div><p class="">
            It is bad practice for a developer to use the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start-url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start-url-2">start URL</a> to
            include information that uniquely identifies a user, as it would
            represent a fingerprint that is not cleared when the user clears
            site data. However, nothing in this specification can practically
            prevent developers from doing this.
          </p></div>
          <p>
            Given the above, it is <em class="rfc2119">RECOMMENDED</em> that, upon installation, or any
            time thereafter, a user agent allows the user to inspect and, if
            necessary, modify the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start-url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start-url-3">start URL</a> of an application.
          </p>
          <p>
            A user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> offer other protections against this form of
            fingerprinting. For example, if a user clears data from an origin,
            the user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> offer to uninstall applications that are
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-0-1">within scope</a> of that origin, thus removing the
            potential fingerprint from the application's start URL.
          </p>
        </section>
      </section>
      <aside class="mdn"><details>
    <summary aria-label="Expand MDN details for id"><span>MDN</span><span> </span></summary>
    <a title="The id member is a string that represents the identity of the web application — the unique identifier for the web application. If the web application ID does not match an existing ID, the application will be treated as a unique identity even if it is from the same URL." href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest/id">id</a>
    
    <table>
    <tr class="chrome yes">
      <td>Chrome</td>
      <td>96+</td>
    </tr><tr class="chrome_android unknown">
      <td>Chrome Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge unknown">
      <td>Edge</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge_mobile unknown">
      <td>Edge Mobile</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox yes">
      <td>Firefox</td>
      <td>95+</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox_android unknown">
      <td>Firefox Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera unknown">
      <td>Opera</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera_android unknown">
      <td>Opera Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari unknown">
      <td>Safari</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari_ios unknown">
      <td>Safari iOS</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="samsunginternet_android unknown">
      <td>Samsung Internet</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="webview_android unknown">
      <td>WebView Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
  </details></aside><section id="id-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-11-id-member"><bdi class="secno">1.11 </bdi>
          <code>id</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#id-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.11"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-14">manifest's</a> <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest" id="dfn-id" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">id</dfn></code> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-14">string</a> that represents
          the <dfn id="dfn-identity" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">identity</dfn> for the application. The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-identity" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-identity-2">identity</a> takes
          the form of a URL, which is same origin as the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start-url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start-url-4">start URL</a>.
        </p>
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-identity" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-identity-3">identity</a> is used by user agents to uniquely identify the
          application universally. When the user agent sees a manifest with an
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-identity" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-identity-4">identity</a> that does not correspond to an already-installed
          application, it <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> treat that manifest as a description of a
          distinct application, even if it is served from the same URL as that
          of another application. When the user agent sees a manifest where
          <var>manifest</var>["id"] is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-equals" id="ref-for-index-term-equal-for-url-1">equal</a> (with <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-equals-exclude-fragments" id="ref-for-index-term-exclude-fragments-for-url-equals-1">exclude fragments</a> OPTIONALLY set to true) to the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-identity" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-identity-5">identity</a> of an
          already-installed application, it <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> be used as a signal that
          this manifest is a replacement for the already-installed
          application's manifest, and not a distinct application, even if it is
          served from a different URL than the one seen previously.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-11"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-10" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span><span class="issue-label">: Excluding fragments is best practice</span></div><aside class="">
          Since the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" data-lt="process the id member" href="#dfn-process-the-id-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-the-id-member-1">processing algorithm</a> removes the
          <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-fragment" id="ref-for-index-term-fragment-for-url-2">fragment</a> from the <code><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-id" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-id-1"><code>id</code></a></code> member, it is
          not strictly necessary to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-equals-exclude-fragments" id="ref-for-index-term-exclude-fragments-for-url-equals-2">exclude fragments</a> when
          checking for a matching application. However, since old versions of
          this spec (and, possibly, old user agents) did not remove the
          <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-fragment" id="ref-for-index-term-fragment-for-url-3">fragment</a> from the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-4">URL</a> at parse time, and relied only on
          <a data-link-type="dfn" data-lt="exclude fragments" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-equals-exclude-fragments" id="ref-for-index-term-exclude-fragments-for-url-equals-3">excluding fragments</a> during
          comparisons, historical app data could contain <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-fragment" id="ref-for-index-term-fragment-for-url-4">fragments</a> in
          the <code><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-id" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-id-2"><code>id</code></a></code>. Therefore, it is best practice for
          user agents to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-equals-exclude-fragments" id="ref-for-index-term-exclude-fragments-for-url-equals-4">exclude fragments</a> even when comparing
          two <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-5">URLs</a> that ought not to have fragments.
        </aside></div>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-12"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-11" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-identity" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-identity-6">identity</a> can be used by a service that collects lists of web
          applications to uniquely identify applications.
        </p></div>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-13"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-12" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-identity" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-identity-7">identity</a> is processed like a URL but it doesn't point to a
          resource that can be navigated to, so it's not required to be
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-5">within scope</a>.
        </p></div>
        <p>
          To <dfn id="dfn-process-the-id-member" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">process the <code>id</code> member</dfn>, given <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-13">ordered map</a>
          <var data-type="JSON">json</var>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-14">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>:
        </p>
        <ol class="algorithm">
          <li>Set <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["id"] to <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["start_url"].
          </li>
          <li>If the type of <var data-type="JSON">json</var>["id"] is not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-15">string</a>, return.
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="JSON">json</var>["id"] is the empty string, return.
          </li>
          <li>Let <var>base origin</var> be <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["start_url"]'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-origin" id="ref-for-index-term-origin-for-url-1">origin</a>.
          </li>
          <li>Let <var data-type="URL">id</var> be the result of <a data-link-type="dfn" data-lt="URL Parser" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-parser" id="ref-for-index-term-url-parser-5">parsing</a> <var data-type="JSON">json</var>["id"]
          with <var>base origin</var> as the base URL.
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="URL">id</var> is failure, return.
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="URL">id</var> is not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#same-origin" id="ref-for-index-term-same-origin-2">same origin</a> as <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["start_url"],
          return.
          </li>
          <li>Set <var data-type="URL">id</var>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-fragment" id="ref-for-index-term-fragment-for-url-5">fragment</a> to null.
          </li>
          <li>Set <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["id"] to <var data-type="URL">id</var>.
          </li>
        </ol>
        <aside class="example" id="example-resulting-ids"><div class="marker">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-resulting-ids">Example<bdi> 6</bdi></a><span class="example-title">: Resulting ids</span>
  </div>
          <p>
            The table below shows some example <code>id</code>s resulting from the
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-the-id-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-the-id-member-2">process the <code>id</code> member</a> steps.
          </p>
          <table class="data">
            <tbody><tr>
              <th>
                <var data-type="JSON">json</var>["id"]
              </th>
              <th>
                <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["start_url"]
              </th>
              <th>
                <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["id"]
              </th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <i>undefined</i>
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/my-app/start"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/my-app/start"
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <i>undefined</i>
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/my-app/#here"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/my-app/"
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                ""
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/my-app/start"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/my-app/start"
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                "/"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/my-app/start"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/"
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                "foo"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/my-app/start"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/foo"
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                "foo?x=y"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/my-app/start"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/foo?x=y"
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                "foo#heading"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/my-app/start"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/foo"
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                "./foo"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/my-app/start"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/foo"
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/foo"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/my-app/start"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/foo"
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                "https://anothersite.com/foo"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/my-app/start"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/my-app/start"
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                "😀"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/my-app/start"
              </td>
              <td>
                "https://example.com/%F0%9F%98%80"
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody></table>
          <p>
            Since <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-id" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-id-3"><code>id</code></a> is resolved against <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start_url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start_url-8"><code>start_url</code></a>'s
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-origin" id="ref-for-index-term-origin-for-url-2">origin</a>, providing "../foo", "foo", "/foo", "./foo" all
            resolves to the same <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#dfn-identifier" id="ref-for-index-term-identifier-1">identifier</a>. As such, best practice is to
            use a leading "/" to be explicit that the id is a root-relative URL
            path. Also, standard encoding/decoding rules apply to the id
            processing algorithm, as per the <cite><a data-matched-text="[[[URL]]]" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/">URL Standard</a></cite>.
          </p>
        </aside>
      </section>
      <aside class="mdn"><details>
    <summary aria-label="Expand MDN details for theme_color"><span>MDN</span><span> </span></summary>
    <a title="The theme_color member is a string that defines the default theme color for the application. This sometimes affects how the OS displays the site (e.g., on Android's task switcher, the theme color surrounds the site)." href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest/theme_color">theme_color</a>
    
    <table>
    <tr class="chrome yes">
      <td>Chrome</td>
      <td>46+</td>
    </tr><tr class="chrome_android unknown">
      <td>Chrome Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge unknown">
      <td>Edge</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge_mobile unknown">
      <td>Edge Mobile</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox unknown">
      <td>Firefox</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox_android no">
      <td>Firefox Android</td>
      <td>No</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera unknown">
      <td>Opera</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera_android unknown">
      <td>Opera Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari unknown">
      <td>Safari</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari_ios yes">
      <td>Safari iOS</td>
      <td>15+</td>
    </tr><tr class="samsunginternet_android unknown">
      <td>Samsung Internet</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="webview_android yes">
      <td>WebView Android</td>
      <td>Yes</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
  </details></aside><section id="theme_color-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-12-theme_color-member"><bdi class="secno">1.12 </bdi>
          <code>theme_color</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#theme_color-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.12"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-15">manifest's</a> <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest" id="dfn-theme_color" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">theme_color</dfn></code> member serves as the <dfn id="dfn-default-theme-color" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">default
          theme color</dfn> for an application context. What constitutes a
          <dfn id="dfn-theme-color" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">theme color</dfn> is defined in [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-html" title="HTML Standard">HTML</a></cite>].
        </p>
        <p>
          If the user agent honors the value of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-theme_color" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-theme_color-2"><code>theme_color</code></a>
          member as the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-default-theme-color" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-default-theme-color-1">default theme color</a>, then that color serves as the
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-theme-color" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-theme-color-1">theme color</a> for all <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-browsing-contexts-1">browsing contexts</a> to which the manifest
          is <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-apply" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-apply-3">applied</a>. However, the user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> override the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-default-theme-color" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-default-theme-color-2">default theme color</a> if a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document" id="ref-for-index-term-document-1">document</a> whose <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-for-document-1">URL</a> is
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-6">within scope</a> of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-application-context" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-application-context-2">application context</a>'s <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-16">manifest</a>
          includes a <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#meta" id="ref-for-index-term-meta-element-2">meta</a></code> element whose <code><a data-link-type="element-attr" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#attr-meta-name" id="ref-for-index-term-name-attribute-for-meta-element-1">name</a></code> attribute is
          "<code><a data-link-type="attr-value" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#meta-theme-color" id="ref-for-index-term-theme-color-for-meta-name-1">theme-color</a></code>". However, the user agent <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em>
          override the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-default-theme-color" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-default-theme-color-3">default theme color</a> via a <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#meta" id="ref-for-index-term-meta-element-3">meta</a></code> element whose
          <code><a data-link-type="element-attr" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#attr-meta-name" id="ref-for-index-term-name-attribute-for-meta-element-2">name</a></code> attribute is "theme-color" for <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document" id="ref-for-index-term-document-2">documents</a>'
          <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-for-document-2">URL</a> are not <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-7">within scope</a>, since the application
          has no control over these documents.
        </p>
        <p data-cite="CSS-COLOR-4">
          The user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> ignore the <a href="#dfn-theme-color" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-theme-color-2">theme color</a>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/#alpha-channel" id="ref-for-index-term-alpha-component-1">alpha component</a> based on the context. For example, in most environments,
          the <a href="#dfn-theme-color" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-theme-color-3">theme color</a> cannot be transparent.
        </p>
        <p>
          Implementors <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> override the value defined by the
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-theme_color" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-theme_color-3"><code>theme_color</code></a> member to support <a data-link-type="css-descriptor" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-5/#descdef-media-prefers-color-scheme" id="ref-for-index-term-prefers-color-scheme-for-media-1">prefers-color-scheme</a>.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-14"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-13" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
          When <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processing-a-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-4">processing a manifest</a>, the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-color-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-color-member-1">process a color member</a>
          algorithm is used to process the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-theme_color" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-theme_color-4"><code>theme_color</code></a> member.
        </p></div>
      </section>
      <aside class="mdn"><details>
    <summary aria-label="Expand MDN details for background_color"><span>MDN</span><span title="This feature has limited support.">🚫</span></summary>
    <a title="The background_color member defines a placeholder background color for the application page to display before its stylesheet is loaded. This value is used by the user agent to draw the background color of a shortcut when the manifest is available before the stylesheet has loaded." href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest/background_color">background_color</a>
    <p class="engines-some">This feature has limited support.</p>
    <table>
    <tr class="chrome unknown">
      <td>Chrome</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="chrome_android yes">
      <td>Chrome Android</td>
      <td>46+</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge no">
      <td>Edge</td>
      <td>No</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge_mobile unknown">
      <td>Edge Mobile</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox unknown">
      <td>Firefox</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox_android unknown">
      <td>Firefox Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera unknown">
      <td>Opera</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera_android yes">
      <td>Opera Android</td>
      <td>Yes</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari unknown">
      <td>Safari</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari_ios no">
      <td>Safari iOS</td>
      <td>No</td>
    </tr><tr class="samsunginternet_android unknown">
      <td>Samsung Internet</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="webview_android unknown">
      <td>WebView Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
  </details></aside><section id="background_color-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-13-background_color-member"><bdi class="secno">1.13 </bdi>
          <code>background_color</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#background_color-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.13"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-17">manifest's</a> <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest" id="dfn-background_color" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn"><code>background_color</code></dfn></code> member describes the
          expected background color of the web application. It repeats what is
          already available in the application stylesheet but can be used by
          the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#user-agent" id="ref-for-index-term-user-agent-1">user agent</a> to draw the background color of a web
          application for which the manifest is known before the files are
          actually available, whether they are fetched from the network or
          retrieved from disk.
        </p>
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-background_color" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-background_color-2"><code>background_color</code></a> member is only meant to improve the
          user experience while a web application is loading and <em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em> be
          used by the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#user-agent" id="ref-for-index-term-user-agent-2">user agent</a> as the background color when the web
          application's stylesheet is available.
        </p>
        <p>
          Implementors <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> override the value defined by the
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-background_color" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-background_color-3"><code>background_color</code></a> member to support <a data-link-type="css-descriptor" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-5/#descdef-media-prefers-color-scheme" id="ref-for-index-term-prefers-color-scheme-for-media-2">prefers-color-scheme</a>.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-15"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-14" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
          When <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processing-a-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-5">processing a manifest</a>, the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-color-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-color-member-2">process a color member</a>
          algorithm is used to process <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-background_color" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-background_color-4"><code>background_color</code></a> member.
        </p></div>
      </section>
      <aside class="mdn"><details>
    <summary aria-label="Expand MDN details for shortcuts"><span>MDN</span><span title="This feature has limited support.">🚫</span></summary>
    <a title="The shortcuts member defines an array of shortcuts or links to key tasks or pages within a web app. A user agent can use these values to assemble a context menu to be displayed by the operating system when a user engages with the web app's icon. When user invokes a shortcut, the user agent will navigate to the address given by shortcut's url member." href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest/shortcuts">shortcuts</a>
    <p class="engines-some">This feature has limited support.</p>
    <table>
    <tr class="chrome unknown">
      <td>Chrome</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="chrome_android yes">
      <td>Chrome Android</td>
      <td>84+</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge unknown">
      <td>Edge</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="edge_mobile unknown">
      <td>Edge Mobile</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox no">
      <td>Firefox</td>
      <td>No</td>
    </tr><tr class="firefox_android unknown">
      <td>Firefox Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera unknown">
      <td>Opera</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="opera_android unknown">
      <td>Opera Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari no">
      <td>Safari</td>
      <td>No</td>
    </tr><tr class="safari_ios unknown">
      <td>Safari iOS</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="samsunginternet_android unknown">
      <td>Samsung Internet</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr><tr class="webview_android unknown">
      <td>WebView Android</td>
      <td>?</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
  </details></aside><section id="shortcuts-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-14-shortcuts-member"><bdi class="secno">1.14 </bdi>
          <code>shortcuts</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#shortcuts-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.14"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-18">manifest's</a> <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest" data-plurals="shortcut" id="dfn-shortcuts" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">shortcuts</dfn></code> member is an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-index-term-list-2">list</a> of
          <a href="#dfn-shortcut-item" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-shortcut-item-1">shortcut item</a>s that provide access to key tasks within a web
          application.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-16"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-15" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><aside class="">
          <p>
            Shortcuts could, for instance, be used to link directly to a user's
            timeline within a social media application or to their recent
            orders in an e-commerce context.
          </p>
          <p>
            Developers are encouraged to order their shortcuts by priority,
            with the most critical shortcuts appearing first in the list.
          </p>
        </aside></div>
        <p>
          How shortcuts are presented, and how many of them are shown to the
          user, is at the discretion of the user agent and/or operating system.
        </p>
        <p>
          To <dfn id="dfn-process-the-shortcuts-member" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">process the <code>shortcuts</code> member</dfn>, given <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-15">ordered map</a>
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-16">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>, and
          <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-6">URL</a> <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var>:
        </p>
        <ol class="algorithm">
          <li>Let <var data-type="list">processedShortcuts</var> be a new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-index-term-list-3">list</a>.
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-set" id="ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-2">Set</a> <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["shortcuts"] to <var data-type="list">processedShortcuts</var>.
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["shortcuts"] doesn't <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-6">exist</a> or
          <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["shortcuts"] is not a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-index-term-list-4">list</a>, return.
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-iterate" id="ref-for-index-term-for-each-for-list-1">For each</a> <var data-type="ordered map">entry</var> of <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["shortcuts"]:
            <ol>
              <li>Let <var data-type="ordered map">shortcut</var> be <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-shortcut" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-shortcut-1">process a shortcut</a> with
              <var data-type="ordered map">entry</var>, <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var>, <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["scope"], and
              <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["dir"].
              </li>
              <li>If <var data-type="ordered map">shortcut</var> is failure, continue.
              </li>
              <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-append" id="ref-for-index-term-append-for-list-1">Append</a> <var data-type="ordered map">shortcut</var> to <var data-type="list">processedShortcuts</var>.
              </li>
            </ol>
          </li>
        </ol>
        <p>
          A user agent <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> expose shortcuts via interactions that are
          consistent with exposure of an application icon's context menu in the
          host operating system (e.g., right click, long press). A user agent
          <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> render the shortcuts in the same order as they are provided in
          the manifest. A user agent <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> represent the shortcuts in a manner
          consistent with exposure of an application icon's context menu in the
          host operating system. A user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> truncate the list of
          shortcuts presented in order to remain consistent with the
          conventions or limitations of the host operating system.
        </p>
      </section>
      <section id="x_localized-members"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-15-_localized-members"><bdi class="secno">1.15 </bdi>
          <code>*_localized</code> members
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#x_localized-members" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.15"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          A <dfn data-plurals="localizable members" id="dfn-localizable-member" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">localizable member</dfn> is a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-19">manifest</a> member that can be
          localized. Each <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-7">localizable member</a> of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-20">manifest</a> has a
          corresponding <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest" id="dfn-_localized" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">*_localized</dfn></code> member, where <code>*</code> represents the
          member name.
        </p>
        <aside class="example" id="example-7"><div class="marker">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-7">Example<bdi> 7</bdi></a>
  </div>
          <p>
            For example, the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-name-5"><code>name</code></a> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-8">localizable member</a>, and <code>name_localized</code> is its corresponding
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-_localized" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-_localized-1"><code>*_localized</code></a> member.
          </p>
        </aside>
        <p>
          A <dfn id="dfn-language-map" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">language map</dfn> is an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-17">ordered map</a> whose key is a
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-language-tag" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-language-tag-2">language tag</a> and whose value is a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localized-value" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localized-value-1">localized value</a>. The
          <dfn data-plurals="localized values" id="dfn-localized-value" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">localized value</dfn> is content localized in the language given
          by the key.
        </p>
        <aside class="example" id="example-localizing-the-application-name"><div class="marker">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-localizing-the-application-name">Example<bdi> 8</bdi></a><span class="example-title">: Localizing the application name</span>
  </div>
          <pre aria-busy="false"><code class="hljs json"><span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"lang"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"en-US"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"dir"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"ltr"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"name"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Color Picker"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"name_localized"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">"de"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span>    <span class="hljs-string">"Farbwähler"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">"en"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span>    <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span><span class="hljs-attr">"value"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Color Picker"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">"en-GB"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span><span class="hljs-attr">"value"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Colour Picker"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-attr">"dir"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"ltr"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">"fr"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span>    <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span><span class="hljs-attr">"value"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Sélecteur de Couleur"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-attr">"lang"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"fr-CA"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-attr">"dir"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"ltr"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">"ar"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span>    <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span><span class="hljs-attr">"value"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"منتقي الألوان"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-attr">"dir"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"rtl"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span>
<span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
        </aside>
        <p>
          The value assigned to the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-9">localizable member</a> is the
          <dfn data-dfn-for="localizable member" id="dfn-default-representation" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">default representation</dfn>.
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-_localized" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-_localized-2"><code>*_localized</code></a> members contain a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-language-map" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-language-map-1">language map</a> that
          defines <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localized-value" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localized-value-2">localized values</a> for the given <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-10">localizable member</a> in
          the application. The user agent <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> use the user's localization
          settings to select the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localized-value" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localized-value-3">localized value</a> whose <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-language-tag" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-language-tag-3">language tag</a> key
          best matches the user's preference. When no such <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localized-value" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localized-value-4">localized value</a>
          is available, the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-default-representation" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-default-representation-1">default representation</a> is
          used.
        </p>
        <section id="localizing-text-values"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="x1-15-1-localizing-text-values"><bdi class="secno">1.15.1 </bdi>
            Localizing text values
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#localizing-text-values" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.15.1"></a></div>
          
          <p>
            A <dfn id="dfn-localized-text-object" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">localized text object</dfn> is an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-18">ordered map</a> with the
            following properties:
          </p>
          <dl>
            <dt>
              <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest/*_localized" id="dfn-value" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">value</dfn></code>
            </dt>
            <dd>
              The localized <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-16">string</a>.
            </dd>
            <dt>
              <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest/*_localized" id="dfn-dir-0" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">dir</dfn></code> (optional)
            </dt>
            <dd>
              The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-text-directions" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-text-directions-2">text-direction</a>.
            </dd>
            <dt>
              <code><dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="manifest/*_localized" id="dfn-lang-0" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">lang</dfn></code> (optional)
            </dt>
            <dd>
              A <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-language-tag" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-language-tag-4">language tag</a>.
            </dd>
          </dl>
          <p>
            For <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-11">localizable members</a> that accept <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-17">strings</a>, the
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-_localized" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-_localized-3"><code>*_localized</code></a> member's <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-language-map" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-language-map-2">language map</a> accepts either a
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-18">string</a> or a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localized-text-object" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localized-text-object-1">localized text object</a> as the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localized-value" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localized-value-5">localized value</a>.
          </p>
          <p>
            When a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-19">string</a> is used, or when the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-dir-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-dir-0-1"><code>dir</code></a>
            member of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localized-text-object" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localized-text-object-2">localized text object</a> is missing, the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-default-direction" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-default-direction-1">default direction</a> (<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-dir" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-dir-3"><code>dir</code></a> member of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-21">manifest</a>) is
            applied.
          </p>
          <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-17"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-16" aria-level="5"><span>Note</span></div><aside class="">
            The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-dir-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-dir-0-2"><code>dir</code></a> member of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localized-text-object" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localized-text-object-3">localized text object</a> needs to be present if the direction of a localized string
            differs from the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-default-direction" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-default-direction-2">default direction</a> set in the manifest
            (<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-dir" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-dir-4"><code>dir</code></a> member). Right-to-left text will require specific
            direction settings if the manifest's default direction is
            left-to-right, and vice versa.
          </aside></div>
          <p>
            When a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-20">string</a> is used, or when the
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-lang-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-lang-0-1"><code>lang</code></a> member of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localized-text-object" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localized-text-object-4">localized text object</a> is missing, the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-language-tag" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-language-tag-5">language tag</a> of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-language-map" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-language-map-3">language map</a>
            key is applied.
          </p>
          <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-18"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-17" aria-level="5"><span>Note</span></div><aside class="">
            To support multilingual content and ensure optimal display and
            accessibility, it is possible to specify a different language for a
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localized-text-object" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localized-text-object-5">localized text object</a>. This is needed for situations where a
            term or text needs to be presented in a language different from the
            user's set locale.
          </aside></div>
          <aside class="example" id="example-9"><div class="marker">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-9">Example<bdi> 9</bdi></a>
  </div>
            <p>
              For example, brand names might need to be pronounced in a
              language different from the user's locale:
            </p>
            <pre aria-busy="false"><code class="hljs json"><span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"lang"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"fr"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"name"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Superbes biscuits"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"name_localized"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">"de-DE"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span><span class="hljs-attr">"value"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Super Cookies"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-attr">"lang"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"en"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span>
<span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
          </aside>
          <p>
            To <dfn id="dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">process a <code>*_localized</code> text member</dfn>, given <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-19">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-20">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered map">map</var>,
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-21">string</a> <var data-type="string">member</var>, and <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-text-directions" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-text-directions-3">text-direction</a>
            <var data-type="string">defaultDirection</var>:
          </p>
          <ol class="algorithm">
            <li>If <var data-type="string">member</var> does not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-7">exist</a> in <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, return.
            </li>
            <li>Let <var>languageMap</var> be <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>[<var data-type="string">member</var>].
            </li>
            <li>If <var>languageMap</var> is not an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-21">ordered map</a>, return.
            </li>
            <li>Let <var data-type="ordered set">languageTags</var> be the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-getting-the-keys" id="ref-for-index-term-keys-for-map-1">keys</a> of
            <var data-type="ordered map">languageMap</var>.
            </li>
            <li>Set <var data-type="ordered map">map</var>[<var data-type="string">member</var>] to a new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-22">ordered map</a>.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-iterate" id="ref-for-index-term-for-each-for-list-2">For each</a> <var data-type="string">languageTag</var> of <var data-type="ordered set">languageTags</var>, run
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-localized-text-object" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-localized-text-object-1">process a localized text object</a>, passing
            <var data-type="ordered map">languageMap</var>[<var data-type="string">languageTag</var>], <var data-type="string">languageTag</var>, <var data-type="ordered map">map</var>, <var data-type="string">member</var>, and
            <var data-type="string">defaultDirection</var>.
            </li>
          </ol>
          <p>
            To <dfn id="dfn-process-a-localized-text-object" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">process a localized text object</dfn>, given <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-22">string</a> or
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-23">ordered map</a> <var>localizedValue</var>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-23">string</a>
            <var data-type="string">defaultLanguageTag</var>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-24">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered map">map</var>,
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-24">string</a> <var data-type="string">member</var>, and <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-text-directions" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-text-directions-4">text-direction</a>
            <var data-type="string">defaultDirection</var>:
          </p>
          <ol class="algorithm">
            <li>Let <var data-type="ordered map">normalizedValue</var> be an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-25">ordered map</a>.
            </li>
            <li>If <var>localizedValue</var> is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-25">string</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace" id="ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-5">strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace</a> from <var data-type="string">localizedValue</var> and
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-set" id="ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-3">set</a> <var data-type="ordered map">normalizedValue</var>["value"] to <var data-type="string">localizedValue</var>.
            </li>
            <li>If <var data-type="ordered map">localizedValue</var> is an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-26">ordered map</a>:
              <ol>
                <li>If "value" <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-8">exists</a> in <var data-type="ordered map">localizedValue</var> and
                <var data-type="ordered map">localizedValue</var>["value"] is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-26">string</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace" id="ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-6">strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace</a> from <var data-type="ordered map">localizedValue</var>["value"] and
                <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-set" id="ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-4">set</a> <var data-type="ordered map">normalizedValue</var>["value"] to
                <var data-type="ordered map">localizedValue</var>["value"].
                </li>
                <li>If "lang" <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-9">exists</a> in <var data-type="ordered map">localizedValue</var> and
                <var data-type="ordered map">localizedValue</var>["lang"] is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-27">string</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace" id="ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-7">strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace</a> from <var data-type="ordered map">localizedValue</var>["lang"] and
                <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-set" id="ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-5">set</a> <var data-type="ordered map">normalizedValue</var>["lang"] to
                <var data-type="ordered map">localizedValue</var>["lang"].
                </li>
                <li>If "dir" <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-10">exists</a> in <var data-type="ordered map">localizedValue</var> and
                <var data-type="ordered map">localizedValue</var>["dir"] is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-28">string</a>:
                  <ol>
                    <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace" id="ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-8">Strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace</a> from
                    <var data-type="ordered map">localizedValue</var>["dir"].
                    </li>
                    <li>If <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-text-direction-list" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-text-direction-list-2">text-direction list</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-contain" id="ref-for-index-term-contain-for-list-4">contains</a>
                    <var data-type="ordered map">localizedValue</var>["dir"], <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-set" id="ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-6">set</a>
                    <var data-type="ordered map">normalizedValue</var>["dir"] to <var data-type="ordered map">localizedValue</var>["dir"].
                    </li>
                  </ol>
                </li>
              </ol>
            </li>
            <li>If "value" does not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-11">exist</a> in <var data-type="ordered map">normalizedValue</var>, return.
            </li>
            <li>If "lang" does not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-12">exist</a> in <var data-type="ordered map">normalizedValue</var>,
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-set" id="ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-7">set</a> <var data-type="ordered map">normalizedValue</var>["lang"] to <var data-type="string">defaultLanguageTag</var>.
            </li>
            <li>If "dir" does not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-13">exist</a> in <var data-type="ordered map">normalizedValue</var>,
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-set" id="ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-8">set</a> <var data-type="ordered map">normalizedValue</var>["dir"] to <var data-type="string">defaultDirection</var>.
            </li>
            <li>If calling <a href="https://tc39.es/ecma402/#sec-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag" id="ref-for-index-term-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag-2">IsStructurallyValidLanguageTag</a>
            with <var data-type="ordered map">normalizedValue</var>["lang"] or calling <a href="https://tc39.es/ecma402/#sec-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag" id="ref-for-index-term-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag-3">IsStructurallyValidLanguageTag</a>
            with <var data-type="string">defaultLanguageTag</var> returns <code>false</code>, return.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-set" id="ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-9">Set</a> <var data-type="ordered map">map</var>[<var data-type="string">member</var>][<var data-type="string">defaultLanguageTag</var>] to
            <var data-type="ordered map">normalizedValue</var>.
            </li>
          </ol>
          <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-19"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-18" aria-level="5"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
            The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-localized-text-object" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-localized-text-object-2">process a localized text object</a> algorithm takes both a
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-29">string</a> or a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localized-text-object" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localized-text-object-6">localized text object</a> for the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localized-value" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localized-value-6">localized value</a> parameter, but the processed result will be normalized into
            a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localized-text-object" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localized-text-object-7">localized text object</a> with the
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-value" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-value-1"><code>value</code></a>, <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-lang-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-lang-0-2"><code>lang</code></a>, and
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-dir-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-dir-0-3"><code>dir</code></a> members set.
          </p></div>
        </section>
        <section id="localizing-image-resources"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="x1-15-2-localizing-image-resources"><bdi class="secno">1.15.2 </bdi>
            Localizing image resources
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#localizing-image-resources" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.15.2"></a></div>
          
          <p>
            For <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-12">localizable members</a> that accept a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-index-term-list-5">list</a> of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/image-resource/#dfn-image-resource" id="ref-for-index-term-image-resources-1">image resources</a>, the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-_localized" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-_localized-4"><code>*_localized</code></a> member's <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-language-map" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-language-map-4">language map</a>
            accepts a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-index-term-list-6">list</a> of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/image-resource/#dfn-image-resource" id="ref-for-index-term-image-resources-2">image resources</a> as the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localized-value" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localized-value-7">localized value</a>.
          </p>
          <aside class="example" id="example-localizing-the-application-icon"><div class="marker">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-localizing-the-application-icon">Example<bdi> 10</bdi></a><span class="example-title">: Localizing the application icon</span>
  </div>
            <pre aria-busy="false"><code class="hljs json"><span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"lang"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"en-US"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"icons"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span> <span class="hljs-attr">"src"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"icon/lowres.png"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-attr">"sizes"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"64x64"</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span> <span class="hljs-attr">"src"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"icon/hires.png"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-attr">"sizes"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"256x256"</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="hljs-punctuation">]</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"icons_localized"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">"fr"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">[</span>
      <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span> <span class="hljs-attr">"src"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"icon/lowres_fr.png"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-attr">"sizes"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"64x64"</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span> <span class="hljs-attr">"src"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"icon/hires_fr.png"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-attr">"sizes"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"256x256"</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">]</span>
  <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span>
<span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
          </aside>
          <p>
            To <dfn id="dfn-process-a-_localized-image-resource-member" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">process a <code>*_localized</code> image resource member</dfn>, given
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-27">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-28">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered
            map">map</var>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-30">string</a> <var data-type="string">member</var>, and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-7">URL</a> <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var>:
          </p>
          <ol class="algorithm">
            <li>If <var data-type="string">member</var> does not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-14">exist</a> in <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, return.
            </li>
            <li>Let <var>languageMap</var> be <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>[<var data-type="string">member</var>].
            </li>
            <li>If <var>languageMap</var> is not an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-29">ordered map</a>, return.
            </li>
            <li>Let <var data-type="ordered set">languageTags</var> be the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-getting-the-keys" id="ref-for-index-term-keys-for-map-2">keys</a> of
            <var data-type="ordered map">languageMap</var>.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-set" id="ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-10">Set</a> <var data-type="ordered
            map">map</var>[<var data-type="string">member</var>] to a new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-30">ordered map</a>.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-iterate" id="ref-for-index-term-for-each-for-list-3">For each</a> <var data-type="string">languageTag</var> of <var data-type="ordered set">languageTags</var>:
              <ol>
                <li>If calling <a href="https://tc39.es/ecma402/#sec-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag" id="ref-for-index-term-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag-4">IsStructurallyValidLanguageTag</a>
                with <var data-type="string">languageTag</var> returns <code>false</code>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#iteration-continue" id="ref-for-index-term-continue-for-iteration-1">continue</a>.
                </li>
                <li>Run <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-image-resources" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-image-resources-2">process image resources</a>, passing
                <var data-type="ordered map">languageMap</var>[<var data-type="string">languageTag</var>] as the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-index-term-list-7">list</a> of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/image-resource/#dfn-image-resource" id="ref-for-index-term-image-resources-3">image resources</a>, <var data-type="ordered
            map">map</var>[<var data-type="string">member</var>], <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var>, and <var data-type="string">languageTag</var>
                as the member.
                </li>
              </ol>
            </li>
          </ol>
        </section>
      </section>
      <section id="manifest-life-cycle"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-16-manifest-life-cycle"><bdi class="secno">1.16 </bdi>
          Manifest life-cycle
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#manifest-life-cycle" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.16"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          This section defines algorithms for <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processing-a-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-6">processing a manifest</a>, and
          <a href="#dfn-apply" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-apply-4">applying</a> a <a href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-22">manifest</a>.
        </p>
        <p>
          A user agent <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em> support the link type "manifest" and the associated
          steps for how to fetch and process the linked resource.
        </p>
        <section id="processing"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="x1-16-1-processing-the-manifest"><bdi class="secno">1.16.1 </bdi>
            Processing the manifest
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#processing" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.16.1"></a></div>
          
          <p>
            When instructed to <dfn id="dfn-ignore" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">ignore</dfn>, the user agent <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em> act as if
            whatever manifest, member, or value caused the condition is absent.
          </p>
          <p>
            The following algorithm provides an <dfn data-dfn-for="application manifest" data-export="" id="dfn-processing-extension-point" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">processing
            extension-point</dfn>: other specifications that add new members to
            the manifest are encouraged to hook themselves into this
            specification at this point in the algorithm. They <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em>
            modify the existing values already in the <var>manifest</var>
            object.
          </p>
          <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-20"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-19" aria-level="5"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
            The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processing-extension-point" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processing-extension-point-1">processing extension-point</a> is meant to
            help avoid <a href="https://annevankesteren.nl/2014/02/monkey-patch">issues related to
            monkey patching</a>.
          </p></div>
          <p>
            The steps for <dfn data-export="" data-local-lt="processing" data-lt="processing a manifest|processing" id="dfn-processing-a-manifest" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">processing a manifest</dfn> are given by the following
            algorithm. The algorithm takes a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-8">URL</a> <var data-type="URL">document URL</var>, a
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-9">URL</a> <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var>, and a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#byte-sequence" id="ref-for-index-term-byte-sequence-1">byte sequence</a> <var>bodyBytes</var>.
          </p>
          <ol class="algorithm">
            <li>Let <var>json</var> be the result of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#parse-json-bytes-to-an-infra-value" id="ref-for-index-term-parse-json-bytes-to-an-infra-value-1">parse JSON bytes to an Infra value</a> passing <var>bodyBytes</var>.
            </li>
            <li>If the <var>json</var> is a parsing exception, or <var>json</var> is not an
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-31">ordered map</a>:
              <ol>
                <li>Set <var data-type="ordered map">json</var> to an empty <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-32">ordered map</a>.
                </li>
              </ol>
            </li>
            <li>Let <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var> be an empty <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-33">ordered map</a>.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-the-dir-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-the-dir-member-1">Process the <code>dir</code> member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered map">json</var> and <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-the-lang-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-the-lang-member-1">Process the <code>lang</code> member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered map">json</var> and <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-text-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-text-member-3">Process a text member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>, and
            "name".
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member-1">Process a <code>*_localized</code> text member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>,
            <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>, "name_localized", and <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["dir"].
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-text-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-text-member-4">Process a text member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>, and
            "short_name".
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member-2">Process a <code>*_localized</code> text member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>,
            <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>, "short_name_localized", and <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["dir"].
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-the-start_url-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-the-start_url-member-1">Process the <code>start_url</code> member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>,
            <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var>, and <var data-type="URL">document URL</var>.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-the-id-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-the-id-member-3">Process the <code>id</code> member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered map">json</var> and <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>.
            </li>
            <li>If the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document" id="ref-for-index-term-document-3">document</a>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" data-lt="document" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document" id="ref-for-index-term-document-4">processed manifest</a> is not
            null, and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document" id="ref-for-index-term-document-5">document</a>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" data-lt="document" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document" id="ref-for-index-term-document-6">processed manifest</a>'s id is
            not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-equals" id="ref-for-index-term-equal-for-url-2">equal</a> to <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>["id"], return.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-the-scope-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-the-scope-member-1">Process the <code>scope</code> member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>, and
            <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var>.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-color-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-color-member-3">Process a color member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>, and
            "theme_color".
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-color-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-color-member-4">Process a color member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>, and
            "background_color".
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-the-display-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-the-display-member-1">Process the <code>display</code> member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered map">json</var> and <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-image-resources" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-image-resources-3">Process image resources</a> passing <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>["icons"],
            <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>, <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var>, and "icons".
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-_localized-image-resource-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-image-resource-member-1">Process a <code>*_localized</code> image resource member</a> passing
            <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>, "icons_localized", and <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var>.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-the-orientation-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-the-orientation-member-1">Process the <code>orientation</code> member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>,
            <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-the-shortcuts-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-the-shortcuts-member-1">Process the <code>shortcuts</code> member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>,
            and <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var>.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processing-extension-point" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processing-extension-point-2">Processing extension-point</a>: process
            any proprietary and/or other supported members at this point in the
            algorithm.
            </li>
            <li>Let <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document" id="ref-for-index-term-document-7">document</a>'s <dfn data-export="" data-dfn-for="Document" id="dfn-processed-manifest" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">
              processed manifest</dfn> be <var data-type="ordered map">manifest</var>.
            </li>
          </ol>
        </section>
        <section data-cite="CSS-COLOR-4 CSS-SYNTAX-3" id="processing-color-members"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="x1-16-2-processing-color-members"><bdi class="secno">1.16.2 </bdi>
            Processing color members
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#processing-color-members" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.16.2"></a></div>
          
          <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-21"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-20" aria-level="5"><span>Note</span><span class="issue-label">: Supported colors</span></div><p class="">
            Only <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/#sRGB-space" id="ref-for-index-term-srgb-1">sRGB</a> colors, and colors the user agent can convert to
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/#sRGB-space" id="ref-for-index-term-srgb-2">sRGB</a> without any outside knowledge (e.g., <code>"AliceBlue"</code>), are
            supported. For example, <code>lab(…)</code> or <code>color(display-p3, …)</code> can be
            converted to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/#sRGB-space" id="ref-for-index-term-srgb-3">sRGB</a> without outside knowledge, but
            <code>color(--custom-profile, …)</code> would require finding a matching
            "@color-profile" rule which cannot be specified in the manifest.
          </p></div>
          <p>
            To <dfn id="dfn-process-a-color-member" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">process a color member</dfn>, using <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-34">ordered map</a>
            <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-35">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered map">map</var>, and
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-31">string</a> <var data-type="string">member</var>:
          </p>
          <ol class="algorithm">
            <li>If <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>[member] doesn't <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-15">exist</a> or <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>[member] is
            not a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-32">string</a>, return.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace" id="ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-9">Strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace</a> from
            <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>[<var data-type="string">member</var>].
            </li>
            <li>Let <var>color</var> be the result of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#css-parse-something-according-to-a-css-grammar" id="ref-for-index-term-parsing-for-css-1">parsing</a> the value of
            <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>[member] as a CSS color.
            </li>
            <li>If <var>color</var> is failure, return.
            </li>
            <li>If <var>color</var> can be converted to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/#sRGB-space" id="ref-for-index-term-srgb-4">sRGB</a> using solely
            information the user agent inherently knows, then convert <var>color</var>
            to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/#sRGB-space" id="ref-for-index-term-srgb-5">sRGB</a>.
            </li>
            <li>If <var>color</var> is not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/#sRGB-space" id="ref-for-index-term-srgb-6">sRGB</a> color, return.
            </li>
            <li>Set <var data-type="ordered map">map</var>[member] to <var>color</var>.
            </li>
          </ol>
        </section>
        <section id="processing-text-members"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="x1-16-3-processing-text-members"><bdi class="secno">1.16.3 </bdi>
            Processing text members
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#processing-text-members" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.16.3"></a></div>
          
          <p>
            To <dfn id="dfn-process-a-text-member" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">process a text member</dfn>, given <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-36">ordered map</a>
            <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-37">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered map">map</var>, and
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-33">string</a> <var data-type="string">member</var>:
          </p>
          <ol class="algorithm">
            <li>If <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>[<var data-type="string">member</var>] doesn't <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-16">exists</a> or <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>[<var data-type="string">member</var>]
            is not a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-34">string</a>, return.
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace" id="ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-10">Strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace</a> from
            <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>[<var data-type="string">member</var>].
            </li>
            <li>Set <var data-type="ordered map">map</var>[member] to the value of <var data-type="ordered map">json</var>[<var data-type="string">member</var>].
            </li>
          </ol>
        </section>
        <section id="processing-the-manifest-without-a-document"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="x1-16-4-processing-the-manifest-without-a-document"><bdi class="secno">1.16.4 </bdi>
            Processing the manifest without a document
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#processing-the-manifest-without-a-document" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.16.4"></a></div>
          
          <p>
            The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processing-a-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-7">processing a manifest</a> steps are invoked by [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-html" title="HTML Standard">HTML</a></cite>]'s
            processing steps for the <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#the-link-element" id="ref-for-index-term-link-element-2">link</a></code> element, but <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> also be invoked
            by the user agent to process a manifest without an associated
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document" id="ref-for-index-term-document-8">document</a>.
          </p>
          <p>
            In this case, to match the guarantees made by the corresponding
            steps in [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-html" title="HTML Standard">HTML</a></cite>], the user agent <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> ensure that at least at
            some point in the past:
          </p>
          <ul>
            <li>there was at least one <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document" id="ref-for-index-term-document-9">document</a> that is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#same-origin" id="ref-for-index-term-same-origin-3">same origin</a> as
            <var data-type="URL">document URL</var> that has a <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#the-link-element" id="ref-for-index-term-link-element-3">link</a></code> element
            <var data-type="HTMLLinkElement">linkElement</var> with a <code><a data-link-type="element-attr" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#attr-link-rel" id="ref-for-index-term-rel-attribute-for-link-element-1">rel</a></code> of
            <code><a data-link-type="attr-value" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-23">manifest</a></code> and a <code><a data-link-type="element-attr" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#attr-link-href" id="ref-for-index-term-href-attribute-for-link-element-1">href</a></code> that resolves to
            <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var>, and that
            </li>
            <li>if <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var> is not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#same-origin" id="ref-for-index-term-same-origin-4">same origin</a> as <var data-type="URL">document URL</var>, the
            <var data-type="byte sequence">bodyBytes</var> data was <a data-link-type="dfn" data-lt="fetch" href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-fetch" id="ref-for-index-term-fetch-1">fetched</a> with a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#cors-request" id="ref-for-index-term-cors-request-1">CORS Request</a> whose <a data-link-type="http-header" href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#http-origin" id="ref-for-index-term-origin-1"><code>Origin</code></a> is
            <var data-type="URL">document URL</var>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-origin" id="ref-for-index-term-origin-for-url-3">origin</a>, and whose <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-request-credentials-mode" id="ref-for-index-term-credentials-mode-for-request-1">credentials mode</a> is set to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/urls-and-fetching.html#cors-settings-attribute-credentials-mode" id="ref-for-index-term-cors-settings-attribute-credentials-mode-1">CORS settings attribute credentials mode</a>
            for <var data-type="HTMLLinkElement">linkElement</var>'s <code><a data-link-type="element-attr" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#attr-link-crossorigin" id="ref-for-index-term-crossorigin-attribute-for-link-element-1">crossorigin</a></code> attribute.
            </li>
          </ul>
          <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-22"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-21" aria-level="5"><span>Note</span><span class="issue-label">: The rationale for these checks</span></div><aside class="">
            <p>
              This provision allows user agents to perform app installations
              using a manifest without having to first load a document that
              links to the manifest (e.g. when installing an app onto the
              user's device via a sync service). But the above recommendations
              ask the user agent to verify that, when an application scope is
              on origin A and the manifest is on a different origin B, there is
              a bidirectional relationship between the two origins.
            </p>
            <p>
              The first check ensures that at least some page on origin A links
              to the manifest on origin B (otherwise, it would be possible for
              a manifest on origin B to control the metadata for an
              unaffiliated app on origin A).
            </p>
            <p>
              The second check ensures that origin B allows (via the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#cors-protocol" id="ref-for-index-term-cors-protocol-1">CORS protocol</a>) its manifest to be applied by origin A, and also that
              the manifest is fetched with or without credentials, as agreed by
              both origins, as it would if going directly through the document.
            </p>
          </aside></div>
        </section>
        <section id="applying-the-manifest"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="applying"><bdi class="secno">1.16.5 </bdi>
            Applying the manifest
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#applying" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.16.5"></a></div>
          
          <p>
            A <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processed-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-1">processed manifest</a> is <dfn data-lt="apply|applying|applied" data-plurals="applies" id="dfn-apply" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">applied</dfn> to a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-6">top-level browsing context</a>,
            meaning that the members of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-24">manifest</a> are affecting the
            presentation and/or behavior of the browsing context. Whenever a
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-7">top-level browsing context</a> is created, the user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em>
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-apply" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-apply-5">apply</a> a manifest to it before <a data-link-type="dfn" data-lt="navigate" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsing-the-web.html#navigate" id="ref-for-index-term-navigated-2">navigation</a> begins.
          </p>
          <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-23"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-22" aria-level="5"><span>Note</span></div><aside class="">
            Whether to <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-apply" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-apply-6">apply</a> a manifest, and which manifest to apply, is at
            the discretion of the user agent, based on the user's actions. For
            example, if the user launched an application from the system menu
            or from a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" data-lt="launching a shortcut" href="#dfn-launching-a-shortcut" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-launching-a-shortcut-1">shortcut</a>, the user agent might
            create a new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-8">top-level browsing context</a> with that application's
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-25">manifest</a> <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-apply" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-apply-7">applied</a>, but it might not do so if the user simply
            clicked a bookmark to a URL within the application's
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-navigation-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-navigation-scope-2">navigation scope</a>.
          </aside></div>
          <p>
            A <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-9">top-level browsing context</a> that has a manifest applied to
            it is referred to as an <dfn data-export="" data-plurals="application contexts" id="dfn-application-context" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">application
            context</dfn>.
          </p>
          <p>
            If an <a href="#dfn-application-context" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-application-context-3">application context</a> is created as a result of the user
            agent being asked to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsing-the-web.html#navigate" id="ref-for-index-term-navigated-3">navigate</a> to a <a href="#dfn-deep-link" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-deep-link-1">deep link</a>, the
            user agent <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em> immediately <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsing-the-web.html#navigate" id="ref-for-index-term-navigated-4">navigate</a> to the <a href="#dfn-deep-link" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-deep-link-2">deep link</a>
            with <var>historyHandling</var> set to "<code>replace</code>". Otherwise, when
            the <a href="#dfn-application-context" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-application-context-4">application context</a> is created, the user agent <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em>
            immediately <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsing-the-web.html#navigate" id="ref-for-index-term-navigated-5">navigate</a> to the <a href="#dfn-start-url" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-start-url-5">start URL</a> with
            <var>historyHandling</var> set to "<code>replace</code>".
          </p>
          <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-24"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-23" aria-level="5"><span>Note</span></div><aside class="">
            <p>
              The <a href="#dfn-start-url" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-start-url-6">start URL</a> is not necessarily the value of the
              <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start_url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start_url-9"><code>start_url</code></a> member: the user or user agent could have
              changed it when the application was <a href="#dfn-installed" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-1">installed</a>.
            </p>
          </aside></div>
        </section>
        <section id="updating"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="x1-16-6-updating-the-manifest"><bdi class="secno">1.16.6 </bdi>
            Updating the manifest
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#updating" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.16.6"></a></div>
          
          <p>
            As specified for <code><a data-link-type="attr-value" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-26">manifest</a></code> link relation, the manifest
            is fetched and processed on every page load. When the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processing-a-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-8">processing a manifest</a> is successful, user agents <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> apply updated manifest
            to any current and future <a href="#dfn-application-context" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-application-context-5">application contexts</a> associated
            with the application.
          </p>
          <p>
            For the purpose of updating, the following member are
            <dfn id="dfn-security-sensitive-members" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">security-sensitive members</dfn>, as they are presented during
            installation and on launch surfaces:
          </p>
          <ol>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-short_name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-short_name-4"><code>short_name</code></a> and localized representations in
            <code>short_name_localized</code>,
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-icons" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-icons-4"><code>icons</code></a> and localized representations in
            <code>icons_localized</code>,
            </li>
            <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-name-6"><code>name</code></a> and localized representations in
            <code>name_localized</code>.
            </li>
          </ol>
          <p>
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-security-sensitive-members" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-security-sensitive-members-1">Security-sensitive members</a> <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> be displayed in a
            bidirectionally isolated way as described in [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-uts55" title="Unicode Source Code Handling">UTS55</a></cite>], regardless
            of their direction.
          </p>
          <p data-cite="permissions">
            User agents <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em> automatically apply changes to
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-security-sensitive-members" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-security-sensitive-members-2">security-sensitive members</a> without <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/permissions/#dfn-express-permission" id="ref-for-index-term-express-permission-1">express permission</a> from
            the user.
          </p>
          <p>
            Instead, user agents <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> present changes to <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-security-sensitive-members" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-security-sensitive-members-3">security-sensitive members</a> with appropriate management options, so the user can make
            an informed decision about updating the web application.
          </p>
          <p>
            The user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> automatically apply the changes if the update
            does not contain changes to <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-security-sensitive-members" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-security-sensitive-members-4">security-sensitive members</a>.
          </p>
          <p>
            If a user changes localization settings, the user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em>
            automatically adjust the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-security-sensitive-members" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-security-sensitive-members-5">security-sensitive members</a> visible on
            launch surfaces to their localized representations specified in the
            <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-_localized" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-_localized-5"><code><code>*_localized</code></code></a> members. These changes <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> be
            presented to users the next time they open the web application.
          </p>
          <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-25"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-24" aria-level="5"><span>Note</span><span class="issue-label">: A user agent will not apply a partial update</span></div><aside class="">
            <p>
              When the update contains changes both to <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-security-sensitive-members" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-security-sensitive-members-6">security-sensitive members</a> and other members, a user agent won't automatically
              partially update. For example, the user agent could present
              options to the user:
            </p>
            <ol>
              <li>Accept the update
              </li>
              <li>Uninstall the web app
              </li>
            </ol>
          </aside></div>
        </section>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section id="manifest-image-resources"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="x2-manifest-image-resources"><bdi class="secno">2. </bdi>
        Manifest image resources
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#manifest-image-resources" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2."></a></div>
      
      <p>
        Each <dfn id="dfn-manifest-image-resource" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">manifest image resource</dfn> is an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/image-resource/#dfn-image-resource" id="ref-for-index-term-image-resources-4">image resource</a> that
        is conceptually part of a web application, suitable to use in various
        contexts depending on the semantics of the member that is using the
        object (e.g., an icon that is part of an application menu, etc.).
      </p>
      <p>
        A <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest-image-resource" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-image-resource-1">manifest image resource</a> differs from a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/image-resource/#dfn-image-resource" id="ref-for-index-term-image-resources-5">image resource</a> in that
        it can have an additional <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-purpose" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-purpose-1"><code>purpose</code></a> member.
      </p>
      <p>
        User agents <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> modify the images associated with an <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest-image-resource" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-image-resource-2">manifest image resource</a> to better match the platform’s visual style before
        displaying it to the user, for example by rounding the corners or
        painting it in a specific color. It is recommended that developers
        prepare their image resources for such scenarios to avoid losing
        important information through, e.g., change of color or clipped
        corners.
      </p>
      <section id="purpose-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x2-1-purpose-member"><bdi class="secno">2.1 </bdi>
          <code>purpose</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#purpose-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.1"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <code><dfn data-dfn-for="manifest image resource" id="dfn-purpose" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">purpose</dfn></code> member is an
          <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/common-microsyntaxes.html#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens" id="ref-for-index-term-unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens-1">unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a>. The allowed
          values are the <a href="#dfn-icon-purposes" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-icon-purposes-1">icon purposes</a>.
        </p>
        <p>
          When a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest-image-resource" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-image-resource-3">manifest image resource</a> is used as an <dfn id="dfn-icon" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn" class="respec-offending-element" title="Found definition for &quot;icon&quot;, but nothing links to it. This is usually a spec bug!">icon</dfn>, a
          developer can hint that the image is intended to serve some special
          purpose in the context of the host <abbr title="Operating system">OS</abbr> (i.e., for better integration).
          User agents <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em> use an icon other than for its stated <a href="#dfn-icon-purposes" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-icon-purposes-2">icon
          purpose</a>.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-26"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-25" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
          For example, an icon with purpose "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-monochrome" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-monochrome-1">monochrome</a>" could
          be used as a badge or pinned icon with a solid fill, visually
          distinct from an application's full color launch icon. The user agent
          uses the value of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-purpose" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-purpose-2"><code>purpose</code></a> member as a
          hint to determine where and how an <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-purpose" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-purpose-3"><code>purpose</code></a> is displayed. Unless declared otherwise by the
          developer, a user agent can use an icon for <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" data-lt="any" href="#dfn-any" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-any-1">any purpose</a>.
        </p></div>
        <p>
          The <dfn data-plurals="icon purpose" id="dfn-icon-purposes" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">icon purposes</dfn> are as follows:
        </p>
        <dl>
          <dt>
            <dfn data-dfn-for="icon purpose" id="dfn-monochrome" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">monochrome</dfn>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            A user agent can present this icon where a <a href="#monochrome-icons-and-solid-fills">monochrome icon with a solid
            fill</a> is needed. The color information in the icon is discarded
            and only the alpha data is used. The icon can then be used by the
            user agent like a mask over any solid fill.
          </dd>
          <dt>
            <dfn data-dfn-for="icon purpose" id="dfn-maskable" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">maskable</dfn>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            The image is designed with <a href="#icon-masks">icon masks and
            safe zone</a> in mind, such that any part of the image that is
            outside the <a href="#dfn-safe-zone" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-safe-zone-1">safe zone</a> can safely be ignored and masked away
            by the user agent.
          </dd>
          <dt>
            <dfn data-dfn-for="icon purpose" id="dfn-any" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">any</dfn> (default)
          </dt>
          <dd>
            The user agent is free to display the icon where no <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-purpose" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-purpose-4"><code>purpose</code></a> is required. For example, a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest-image-resource" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-image-resource-4">manifest image resource</a> with a "any" purpose wouldn't be used in a context
            where "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-monochrome" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-monochrome-2">monochrome</a>" is required.
          </dd>
        </dl>
        <p>
          The <dfn id="dfn-icon-purposes-list" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">icon purposes list</dfn> is the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-index-term-list-8">list</a> « "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-monochrome" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-monochrome-3">monochrome</a>", "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-maskable" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-maskable-1">maskable</a>", "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-any" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-any-2">any</a>" ».
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-27"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-26" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
          If an icon contains multiple purposes, it could be used for any of
          those purposes. If none of the stated purposes are recognized, the
          icon is totally ignored. For example, if an icon has purpose
          <code>"monochrome fizzbuzz"</code>, then it could be used as a monochrome icon,
          as <code>"monochrome"</code> is a valid purpose. However, if an icon just has
          the purpose <code>"fizzbuzz"</code>, then it will be ignored.
        </p></div>
        <p>
          To <dfn id="dfn-determine-the-purpose-of-an-image" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">determine the purpose of an image</dfn>, given <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-38">ordered map</a> <var data-type="image">json</var>:
        </p>
        <ol class="algorithm">
          <li>If <var data-type="image">json</var>["purpose"] doesn't <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-17">exist</a> or if
          <var data-type="image">json</var>["purpose"] is not a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-35">string</a>:
            <ol>
              <li>Return <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-set" id="ref-for-index-term-set-1">set</a> « "any" ».
              </li>
            </ol>
          </li>
          <li>Let <var data-type="list<string>">keywords</var> be the result of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#split-on-ascii-whitespace" id="ref-for-index-term-split-on-ascii-whitespace-1">split on ASCII whitespace</a> <var data-type="image">json</var>["purpose"].
          </li>
          <li>Let <var data-type="set">purposes</var> be new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-set" id="ref-for-index-term-set-2">set</a>.
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-iterate" id="ref-for-index-term-for-each-for-list-4">For each</a> <var data-type="string">keyword</var> of <var data-type="list<string>">keywords</var>:
            <ol>
              <li>If <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-icon-purposes-list" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-icon-purposes-list-1">icon purposes list</a> doesn't <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-contain" id="ref-for-index-term-contain-for-list-5">contain</a> <var data-type="string">keyword</var>,
              then <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#iteration-continue" id="ref-for-index-term-continue-for-iteration-2">continue</a>.
              </li>
              <li>Otherwise, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#set-append" id="ref-for-index-term-append-for-set-1">append</a> <var data-type="string">keyword</var> to <var data-type="set">purposes</var>.
              </li>
            </ol>
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="set">purposes</var> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-is-empty" id="ref-for-index-term-is-empty-for-list-1">is empty</a>, then return failure.
          </li>
          <li>Return <var data-type="set">purposes</var>.
          </li>
        </ol>
      </section>
      <section id="content-security-policy"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x2-2-content-security-policy"><bdi class="secno">2.2 </bdi>
          Content security policy
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#content-security-policy" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.2"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The security policy that governs whether a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#user-agent" id="ref-for-index-term-user-agent-3">user agent</a> can
          fetch an icon image is governed by the <code>img-src</code> directive [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-csp3" title="Content Security Policy Level 3">CSP3</a></cite>]
          associated with the manifest's owner <a data-link-type="interface" data-lt="Document" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#document" id="ref-for-index-term-document-interface-1"><code>Document</code></a>.
        </p>
        <aside class="example" id="example-content-security-policy-of-icons"><div class="marker">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-content-security-policy-of-icons">Example<bdi> 11</bdi></a><span class="example-title">: Content security policy of icons</span>
  </div>
          <p>
            For example, given the following <code>img-src</code> directive in the
            <code>Content-Security-Policy</code> HTTP header of the manifest's owner
            <a data-link-type="interface" data-lt="Document" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#document" id="ref-for-index-term-document-interface-2"><code>Document</code></a>:
          </p>
          <pre aria-busy="false"><code class="hljs http"><span class="hljs-meta">HTTP/1.1</span> <span class="hljs-number">200</span> OK
<span class="hljs-attribute">Content-Type</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">: </span>text/html
<span class="hljs-attribute">Content-Security-Policy</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">: </span>img-src icons.example.com

<span class="language-xml"><span class="hljs-meta">&lt;!doctype&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">html</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">link</span> <span class="hljs-attr">rel</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"manifest"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">href</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"manifest.webmanifest"</span>&gt;</span></span></code></pre>
          <p>
            And given the following <code>manifest.webmanifest</code>:
          </p>
          <pre aria-busy="false"><code class="hljs json"><span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"name"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"custom manifest"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"start_url"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"https://boo"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">"icons"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"src"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"//icons.example.com/lowres"</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="hljs-attr">"src"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"//other.com/hi-res"</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="hljs-punctuation">]</span>
<span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
          <p>
            The fetching of icon resources from <code>icons.example.com/lowres</code>
            would succeed, while fetching from <code>other.com/hi-res</code> would fail.
          </p>
        </aside>
      </section>
      <section id="icon-masks"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x2-3-icon-masks-and-safe-zone"><bdi class="secno">2.3 </bdi>
          Icon masks and safe zone
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#icon-masks" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.3"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          Some platforms have their own preferred icon shape, but as web
          applications should work across multiple platforms, it is possible to
          indicate that an icon can have a user-agent-specified mask applied by
          adding the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-maskable" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-maskable-2">maskable</a> purpose. This allows the
          platform to ensure that the icon looks well integrated with the
          platform, and even apply different masks and background colors in
          different places throughout the platform.
        </p>
        <p>
          The <dfn id="dfn-safe-zone" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">safe zone</dfn> is the area within a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-maskable" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-maskable-3">maskable</a> icon which is guaranteed to always be visible,
          regardless of user agent preferences. It is defined as a circle with
          center point in the center of the icon and with a radius of 2/5 (40%)
          of the icon size, which means the smaller of the icon width and
          height, in case the icon is not square.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-28"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-27" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
          Designers of <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-maskable" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-maskable-4">maskable</a> icons will want to make sure
          that all important parts are within the <a href="#dfn-safe-zone" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-safe-zone-2">safe zone</a>.
        </p></div>
        <figure id="fig-the-safe-zone-is-a-centrally-positioned-circle-with-radius-2-5-40-of-the-minimum-of-the-icon-s-width-and-height">
          <img src="images/safe-zone.svg" width="340" height="340" alt="safe zone illustrated">
          <figcaption><a class="self-link" href="#fig-the-safe-zone-is-a-centrally-positioned-circle-with-radius-2-5-40-of-the-minimum-of-the-icon-s-width-and-height">Figure <bdi class="figno">1</bdi></a> <span class="fig-title">
            The safe zone is a centrally positioned circle, with radius 2/5
            (40%) of the minimum of the icon's width and height.
          </span></figcaption>
        </figure>
        <p>
          All pixels in this zone are guaranteed to be seen in all masks.
          Pixels outside the safe zone are not guaranteed to (but can) be
          visible depending on the applied mask.
        </p>
        <p>
          The user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> apply a mask of any size, making any pixels that
          are more than 2/5ths of the image size (minimum of width and height
          if non-square) away from the center (the <a href="#dfn-safe-zone" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-safe-zone-3">safe zone</a>)
          transparent.
        </p>
        <p>
          The user agent <em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em> make any pixel within the safe zone
          transparent.
        </p>
        <p>
          The user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> enlarge the icon by adding additional padding.
        </p>
        <p>
          If the icon contains transparent pixels, the user agent <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em>
          composite the icon onto a solid fill (e.g., white) of the user
          agent's choice.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-29"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-28" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
          It is suggested that designers avoid using transparent pixels in
          maskable icons.
        </p></div>
        <section id="examples-of-masks"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="x2-3-1-examples-of-masks"><bdi class="secno">2.3.1 </bdi>
            Examples of masks
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#examples-of-masks" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.3.1"></a></div>
          
          <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-30"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-29" aria-level="5"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
            By staying inside the <a href="#dfn-safe-zone" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-safe-zone-4">safe zone</a>, most icons will have around
            10% padding on the top, bottom, right and left with no content or
            non-essential content, such as an icon background. It is suggested
            that developers check their icon when all but the safe zone is
            masked out.
          </p></div>
          <section id="icons-with-maskable-purpose"><div class="header-wrapper"><h5 class="icon-title" id="x2-3-1-1-icons-with-maskable-purpose"><bdi class="secno">2.3.1.1 </bdi>
            Icons with "maskable" purpose
          </h5><a class="self-link" href="#icons-with-maskable-purpose" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.3.1.1"></a></div>
          <div class="icons">
            <figure id="fig-image-the-base-image-with-transparent-background">
              <img src="images/icon-plain.svg" alt="An icon over a checkerboard background">
              <figcaption><a class="self-link" href="#fig-image-the-base-image-with-transparent-background">Figure <bdi class="figno">2</bdi></a> <span class="fig-title">
                <span class="icon-title">Image</span> <span>The base image with
                transparent background</span>
              </span></figcaption>
            </figure>
            <figure id="fig-safe-zone-circle-with-radius-2-5-40-of-the-icon-size">
              <img src="images/icon-safe-zone.svg" alt="An icon in a purple circle (40% of the size) over a yellow background">
              <figcaption><a class="self-link" href="#fig-safe-zone-circle-with-radius-2-5-40-of-the-icon-size">Figure <bdi class="figno">3</bdi></a> <span class="fig-title">
                <span class="icon-title">Safe zone</span> <span>Circle with
                radius 2/5 (40%) of the icon size</span>
              </span></figcaption>
            </figure>
          </div>
          </section><section id="mask-examples"><div class="header-wrapper"><h5 class="icon-title" id="x2-3-1-2-mask-examples"><bdi class="secno">2.3.1.2 </bdi>
            Mask examples
          </h5><a class="self-link" href="#mask-examples" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.3.1.2"></a></div>
          <div class="icons">
            <figure id="fig-rounded-square-android">
              <img src="images/icon-mask-android-roundsquare.svg" alt="An icon inside a rounded yellow square on a purple background">
              <figcaption><a class="self-link" href="#fig-rounded-square-android">Figure <bdi class="figno">4</bdi></a> <span class="fig-title">
                <span class="icon-title">Rounded square</span>
                <span>Android</span>
              </span></figcaption>
            </figure>
            <figure id="fig-squircle-android">
              <img src="images/icon-mask-android-squircle.svg" alt="An icon inside an extremely rounded yellow square on a purple background">
              <figcaption><a class="self-link" href="#fig-squircle-android">Figure <bdi class="figno">5</bdi></a> <span class="fig-title">
                <span class="icon-title">Squircle</span> <span>Android</span>
              </span></figcaption>
            </figure>
            <figure id="fig-circle-android">
              <img src="images/icon-mask-android-circle.svg" alt="An icon inside a rounded yellow circle on a purple background">
              <figcaption><a class="self-link" href="#fig-circle-android">Figure <bdi class="figno">6</bdi></a> <span class="fig-title">
                <span class="icon-title">Circle</span> <span>Android</span>
              </span></figcaption>
            </figure>
            <figure id="fig-rounded-square-ios">
              <img src="images/icon-mask-ios.svg" alt="An icon inside a somewhat rounded yellow square on a purple background">
              <figcaption><a class="self-link" href="#fig-rounded-square-ios">Figure <bdi class="figno">7</bdi></a> <span class="fig-title">
                <span class="icon-title">Rounded square</span> <span>iOS</span>
              </span></figcaption>
            </figure>
            <figure id="fig-fullbleed-windows">
              <img src="images/icon-mask-windows.svg" alt="An icon on a yellow background">
              <figcaption><a class="self-link" href="#fig-fullbleed-windows">Figure <bdi class="figno">8</bdi></a> <span class="fig-title">
                <span class="icon-title">Fullbleed</span> <span>Windows</span>
              </span></figcaption>
            </figure>
          </div>
        </section></section>
      </section>
      <section id="monochrome-icons-and-solid-fills"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x2-4-monochrome-icons-and-solid-fills"><bdi class="secno">2.4 </bdi>
          Monochrome icons and solid fills
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#monochrome-icons-and-solid-fills" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.4"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          Some platforms enforce that icons be displayed with a <dfn id="dfn-solid-fill" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn" class="respec-offending-element" title="Found definition for &quot;solid fill&quot;, but nothing links to it. This is usually a spec bug!">solid
          fill</dfn> such as a single color, where only the transparency of the
          icon can be declared in a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-27">manifest</a>. As web applications need to
          work across multiple platforms, it is possible to indicate that an
          icon can have an user-agent-specified color applied by adding the
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-monochrome" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-monochrome-4">monochrome</a> purpose. This allows the platform to
          ensure that the icon looks well integrated with the platform, and
          even apply different colors and padding in different places
          throughout the platform.
        </p>
        <p>
          When presenting a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-monochrome" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-monochrome-5">monochrome</a> icon, the user agent
          <em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em> independently display the red component, green component, or
          blue component of a pixel. The user agent <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> display each pixel
          with its original alpha value, but with a red, green, and blue value
          of the user agent's choosing. It is <em class="rfc2119">RECOMMENDED</em> that the user agent
          use the same color value for all pixels.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-31"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-30" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
          Designers of <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-monochrome" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-monochrome-6">monochrome</a> icons could set all pixels
          to black and only use transparency to create a silhouette of their
          icon.
        </p></div>
        <p>
          The user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> enlarge the icon by adding additional padding.
        </p>
        <p>
          The user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> add a background of any color behind transparent
          pixels, and <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> ensure that the background has sufficient contrast
          with the icon.
        </p>
        <section id="example-usage-of-monochrome-icons"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="x2-4-1-example-usage-of-monochrome-icons"><bdi class="secno">2.4.1 </bdi>
            Example usage of monochrome icons
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#example-usage-of-monochrome-icons" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.4.1"></a></div>
          
          <section id="usage-examples"><div class="header-wrapper"><h5 class="icon-title" id="x2-4-1-1-usage-examples"><bdi class="secno">2.4.1.1 </bdi>
            Usage examples
          </h5><a class="self-link" href="#usage-examples" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.4.1.1"></a></div>
          <div class="icons">
            <figure id="fig-image-the-base-image-with-no-color">
              <img src="images/monochrome-icon-plain.svg" alt="A black icon over a checkerboard background">
              <figcaption><a class="self-link" href="#fig-image-the-base-image-with-no-color">Figure <bdi class="figno">9</bdi></a> <span class="fig-title">
                <span class="icon-title">Image</span> <span>The base image with
                no color.</span>
              </span></figcaption>
            </figure>
            <figure id="fig-gradient-fill-the-image-filled-in-with-a-gradient">
              <img src="images/monochrome-icon-gradient.svg" alt="A dark gradient icon over a checkerboard background">
              <figcaption><a class="self-link" href="#fig-gradient-fill-the-image-filled-in-with-a-gradient">Figure <bdi class="figno">10</bdi></a> <span class="fig-title">
                <span class="icon-title">Gradient fill</span> <span>The image
                filled in with a gradient.</span>
              </span></figcaption>
            </figure>
            <figure id="fig-solid-color-fill-with-padding-filled-in-with-the-theme-color-from-the-manifest">
              <img src="images/monochrome-icon-tinted.svg" alt="A dark yellow icon over a light gray background">
              <figcaption><a class="self-link" href="#fig-solid-color-fill-with-padding-filled-in-with-the-theme-color-from-the-manifest">Figure <bdi class="figno">11</bdi></a> <span class="fig-title">
                <span class="icon-title">Solid color fill with padding</span>
                <span>Filled in with the theme color from the manifest.</span>
              </span></figcaption>
            </figure>
          </div>
        </section></section>
      </section>
      <section id="processing-image-resources"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x2-5-processing-image-resources"><bdi class="secno">2.5 </bdi>
          Processing image resources
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#processing-image-resources" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.5"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          To <dfn id="dfn-process-image-resources" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">process image resources</dfn>, given <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-index-term-list-9">list</a> <var data-type="list">images</var>,
          <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-39">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered map">map</var>, <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-36">string</a>
          <var data-type="string">member</var>:
        </p>
        <ol class="algorithm">
          <li>Let <var data-type="List<Image&nbsp;Resources>">imageResources</var> be a new
          <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-index-term-list-10">list</a>.
          </li>
          <li>Set <var data-type="ordered map">map</var>[member] to <var data-type="List<Image&nbsp;Resources>">imageResources</var>.
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="list">images</var> is not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-index-term-list-11">list</a>, return.
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-iterate" id="ref-for-index-term-for-each-for-list-5">For each</a> <var data-type="Manifest image resource">potential image</var> of
          <var data-type="list">images</var>:
            <ol>
              <li>Let <var data-type="ordered map">image</var> be the result of running <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/image-resource/#dfn-process-an-image-resource-from-json" id="ref-for-index-term-process-an-image-resource-from-json-1">process an image resource from JSON</a> given <var data-type="Manifest image resource">potential image</var> and <var>manifest
              URL</var>.
              </li>
              <li>If <var data-type="ordered map">image</var> is failure, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#iteration-continue" id="ref-for-index-term-continue-for-iteration-3">continue</a>.
              </li>
              <li>Let <var data-type="set">purposes</var> be <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-determine-the-purpose-of-an-image" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-determine-the-purpose-of-an-image-1">determine the purpose of an image</a>
              passing <var data-type="Manifest image resource">potential image</var>.
              </li>
              <li>If <var data-type="set">purposes</var> is failure, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#iteration-continue" id="ref-for-index-term-continue-for-iteration-4">continue</a>.
              </li>
              <li>Set <var data-type="ordered map">image</var>["purpose"] to <var data-type="set">purposes</var>.
              </li>
              <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-append" id="ref-for-index-term-append-for-list-2">Append</a> <var data-type="ordered map">image</var> to <var data-type="List<Image&nbsp;Resources>">imageResources</var>.
              </li>
            </ol>
          </li>
        </ol>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section id="shortcut-items"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="x3-shortcut-items"><bdi class="secno">3. </bdi>
        Shortcut items
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#shortcut-items" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3."></a></div>
      
      <p>
        Each <dfn data-local-lt="Shortcut item's" data-lt="shortcut item|Shortcut item's" id="dfn-shortcut-item" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">shortcut item</dfn> is an
        <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-40">ordered map</a> that represents a link to a key task or page within a
        web app. It has the following members:
      </p>
      <ul>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-name-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-name-0-1"><code>name</code></a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-short_name-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-short_name-0-1"><code>short_name</code></a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-description" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-description-1"><code>description</code></a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-url-1"><code>url</code></a>
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-icons-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-icons-0-1"><code>icons</code></a>
        </li>
      </ul>
      <p>
        A user agent can use these members to assemble a context menu to be
        displayed by the operating system when a user engages with the web
        app's icon. When the user invokes a shortcut from the operating system
        menu, the user agent <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> run <a href="#dfn-launching-a-shortcut" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-launching-a-shortcut-2">launching a shortcut</a>.
      </p>
      <section id="name-member-0"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x3-1-name-member"><bdi class="secno">3.1 </bdi>
          <code>name</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#name-member-0" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.1"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-shortcut-item" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-shortcut-item-2">shortcut item's</a> <code><dfn data-dfn-for="shortcut item" id="dfn-name-0" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">name</dfn></code> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-37">string</a> that
          represents the name of the shortcut as it is usually displayed to the
          user in a context menu.
        </p>
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-name-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-name-0-2"><code>name</code></a> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-13">localizable member</a>.
        </p>
      </section>
      <section id="short_name-member-0"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x3-2-short_name-member"><bdi class="secno">3.2 </bdi>
          <code>short_name</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#short_name-member-0" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.2"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-shortcut-item" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-shortcut-item-3">shortcut item's</a> <code><dfn data-dfn-for="shortcut item" id="dfn-short_name-0" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">short_name</dfn></code> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-38">string</a>
          that represents a short version of the name of the shortcut. It is
          intended to be used where there is insufficient space to display the
          full name of the shortcut.
        </p>
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-short_name-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-short_name-0-2"><code>short_name</code></a> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-14">localizable member</a>.
        </p>
      </section>
      <section id="description-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x3-3-description-member"><bdi class="secno">3.3 </bdi>
          <code>description</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#description-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.3"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-shortcut-item" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-shortcut-item-4">shortcut item's</a> <code><dfn data-dfn-for="shortcut item" id="dfn-description" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">description</dfn></code> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-39">string</a>
          that allows the developer to describe the purpose of the shortcut.
          User agents <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> expose this information to assistive technology.
        </p>
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-description" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-description-2"><code>description</code></a> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-15">localizable member</a>.
        </p>
      </section>
      <section id="url-member"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x3-4-url-member"><bdi class="secno">3.4 </bdi>
          <code>url</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#url-member" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.4"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-shortcut-item" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-shortcut-item-5">shortcut item's</a> <code><dfn data-dfn-for="shortcut item" data-plurals="urls" id="dfn-url" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">url</dfn></code> member is a URL <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-0-2">within scope</a> of a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processed-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-2">processed manifest</a> that opens when the
          associated shortcut is activated.
        </p>
      </section>
      <section id="icons-member-0"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x3-5-icons-member"><bdi class="secno">3.5 </bdi>
          <code>icons</code> member
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#icons-member-0" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.5"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <a href="#dfn-shortcut-item" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-shortcut-item-6">shortcut item</a>'s <code><dfn data-dfn-for="shortcut item" id="dfn-icons-0" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">icons</dfn></code> member lists images that serve as
          iconic representations of the shortcut in various contexts.
        </p>
        <p>
          The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-icons-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-icons-0-2"><code>icons</code></a> member is a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-16">localizable member</a>.
        </p>
      </section>
      <section id="launching-a-shortcut"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x3-6-launching-a-shortcut"><bdi class="secno">3.6 </bdi>
          <dfn id="dfn-launching-a-shortcut" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">Launching a shortcut</dfn>
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#launching-a-shortcut" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.6"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          When <a href="#dfn-shortcut-item" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-shortcut-item-7">shortcut item</a> <var>shortcut</var> having
          <var>manifest</var> is invoked, run the steps to <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-launching-a-web-application" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-launching-a-web-application-1">launch a web application</a> with <var>manifest</var> and <var>shortcut.url</var>.
        </p>
      </section>
      <section id="processing-shortcut-items"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x3-7-processing-shortcut-items"><bdi class="secno">3.7 </bdi>
          Processing shortcut items
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#processing-shortcut-items" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.7"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          To <dfn id="dfn-process-a-shortcut" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">process a shortcut</dfn>, given <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-41">ordered map</a> <var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-10">URL</a> <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-11">URL</a> <var data-type="URL">scope</var>, and
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-text-directions" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-text-directions-5">text-direction</a> <var data-type="string">defaultDirection</var>:
        </p>
        <ol class="algorithm">
          <li>Return failure if it's the case that:
            <ul>
              <li><var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var> is not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-42">ordered map</a>.
              </li>
              <li><var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>["name"] doesn't <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-18">exist</a>.
              </li>
              <li><var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>["name"] is the empty string.
              </li>
              <li><var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>["url"] doesn't <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-19">exist</a>.
              </li>
              <li><var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>["url"] is not a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-40">string</a>.
              </li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>Let <var data-type="URL">url</var> be the result of <a data-link-type="dfn" data-lt="URL Parser" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-parser" id="ref-for-index-term-url-parser-6">parsing</a>
          <var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>["url"] with <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var> as the base URL.
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="URL">url</var> is failure, return failure.
          </li>
          <li>If <var data-type="URL">url</var> is not <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-0-3">within scope</a> of <var data-type="URL">scope</var>, return
          failure.
          </li>
          <li>Let <var data-type="ordered map">shortcut</var> be <var>ordered map</var> «[ "url" → <var data-type="URL">url</var>,
          "name" → <var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>["name"] ]».
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member-3">Process a <code>*_localized</code> text member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>,
          <var data-type="ordered map">shortcut</var>, "name_localized", and <var data-type="string">defaultDirection</var>.
          </li>
          <li>If "short_name" <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-20">exists</a> in <var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>, and
          <var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>["short_name"] is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-41">string</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-set" id="ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-11">set</a>
          <var data-type="ordered map">shortcut</var>["short_name"] to <var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>["short_name"].
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member-4">Process a <code>*_localized</code> text member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>,
          <var data-type="ordered map">shortcut</var>, "short_name_localized", and <var data-type="string">defaultDirection</var>.
          </li>
          <li>If "description" <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-21">exists</a> in <var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>, and
          <var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>["description"] is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="ref-for-index-term-string-42">string</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-set" id="ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-12">set</a>
          <var data-type="ordered map">shortcut</var>["description"] to <var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>["description"].
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member-5">Process a <code>*_localized</code> text member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>,
          <var data-type="ordered map">shortcut</var>, "description_localized", and <var data-type="string">defaultDirection</var>.
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-image-resources" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-image-resources-4">Process image resources</a> passing <var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>["icons"], <var data-type="ordered map">shortcut</var>,
          <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var>, and "icons".
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-process-a-_localized-image-resource-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-image-resource-member-2">Process a <code>*_localized</code> image resource member</a> passing <var data-type="ordered
          map">item</var>,
          <var data-type="ordered map">shortcut</var>, "icons_localized", and <var data-type="URL">manifest URL</var>.
          </li>
          <li>Return <var data-type="ordered map">shortcut</var>.
          </li>
        </ol>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section id="installable-web-applications"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="x4-installable-web-applications"><bdi class="secno">4. </bdi>
        Installable web applications
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#installable-web-applications" aria-label="Permalink for Section 4."></a></div>
      
      <p>
          Any website is an <strong>installable web application</strong>. 
        </p><p>
        </p>
        <p>
        A user agent can provide a way for the end-user to <dfn data-local-lt="installing|installation" data-lt="installed|install|installing|installation" id="dfn-installed" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">install</dfn> a web application on the end-user's device, allowing the
        user to instantiate a new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-10">top-level browsing context</a> with the
        manifest's members <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-apply" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-apply-8">applied</a>.
        </p>
        <p>Once a web application is <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-installed" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-2">installed</a> it is known as a 
        <dfn class="export" data-export="" data-plurals="installed web applications" id="dfn-installed-web-application" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">installed web application</dfn>: 
        That is, the manifest's members, or their defaults,
        are <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-apply" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-apply-9">applied</a> to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-11">top-level browsing context</a> of the web application. This
        distinguishes an installed web application from a traditional bookmark,
        as opening a web page from a traditional bookmark will not have the
        manifest's properties <a href="#dfn-apply" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-apply-10">applied</a> to it.
      </p>
      <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-32"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-31" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
        For example, on user agents that support installation, a web
        application could be presented and launched in a way that, to the
        end-user, is indistinguishable from native applications: such as
        appearing as a labeled icon on the home screen, launcher, or start
        menu. When <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-launching-a-web-application" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-launching-a-web-application-2">launching a web application</a>, the manifest is
        <a href="#dfn-apply" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-apply-11">applied</a> by the user agent to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-12">top-level browsing
        context</a> prior to the <a href="#dfn-start-url" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-start-url-7">start URL</a> being loaded. This gives the
        user agent an opportunity to apply the relevant values of the manifest,
        possibly changing the <a href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-4">display mode</a> and screen orientation of the
        web application. Alternatively, and again as an example, the user agent
        could <a href="#dfn-installed" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-3">install</a> the web application into a list of bookmarks
        within the user agent itself.
      </p></div>
      <section id="application-s-name"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x4-1-application-s-name"><bdi class="secno">4.1 </bdi>
          Application's name
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#application-s-name" aria-label="Permalink for Section 4.1"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          The <dfn id="dfn-application-s-name" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">application's name</dfn> is derived from either the
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-name-7"><code>name</code></a> member or <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-short_name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-short_name-5"><code>short_name</code></a> member. The user
          agent <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> first resolve the localized values from their
          corresponding <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-_localized" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-_localized-6"><code><code>*_localized</code></code></a> members.
        </p>
        <p>
          When either the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-name-8"><code>name</code></a> member or the
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-short_name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-short_name-6"><code>short_name</code></a> member is missing, empty, or the wrong type,
          a user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> use the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-name-9"><code>name</code></a> member as a fallback for
          the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-short_name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-short_name-7"><code>short_name</code></a> member or <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-short_name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-short_name-8"><code>short_name</code></a> member
          as the fallback for the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-name-10"><code>name</code></a> member.
        </p>
        <p>
          If the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-name-11"><code>name</code></a> and <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-short_name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-short_name-9"><code>short_name</code></a> members are
          missing, empty, or the wrong type, a user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> fallback to the
          <a data-link-type="interface" data-lt="Document" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#document" id="ref-for-index-term-document-interface-3"><code>Document</code></a> to find suitable replacements for missing manifest
          members (e.g., using <code>application-name</code> in place of <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-name-12"><code>name</code></a>
          or <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-short_name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-short_name-10"><code>short_name</code></a>). Alternatively, the user agent <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em>
          assign a default name (e.g., "Untitled") that follows platform
          conventions. Alternatively, a user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> allow the end-user to
          input some text that can serve as the <a href="#dfn-application-s-name" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-application-s-name-1">application's name</a>.
        </p>
        <p>
          When both the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-name-13"><code>name</code></a> and <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-short_name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-short_name-11"><code>short_name</code></a> members
          are present, it is left up to implementations to decide which member
          is best suited for the space available (e.g., the
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-short_name" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-short_name-12"><code>short_name</code></a> member might be better suited for the space
          available underneath an icon).
        </p>
      </section>
      <section id="launching-a-web-application"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x4-2-launching-a-web-application"><bdi class="secno">4.2 </bdi>
          Launching a web application
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#launching-a-web-application" aria-label="Permalink for Section 4.2"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          At the discretion of the operating system or user agent, run the
          steps to <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-launching-a-web-application" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-launching-a-web-application-3">launch a web application</a> with a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processed-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-3">processed manifest</a>.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-33"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-32" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
          This would typically take place when the user selects an
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-installed" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-4">installed</a> web app from an app launching UI surface e.g., a home
          screen, launcher or start menu.
        </p></div>
        <p>
          The steps to <dfn data-lt="launching a web application|launch a web application" data-export="" id="dfn-launching-a-web-application" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">launch a web application</dfn> is given by the following
          algorithm. The algorithm takes a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processed-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-4">processed manifest</a>
          <var data-type="processed manifest">manifest</var>, an optional <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-12">URL</a> <var data-type="URL">target URL</var>,
          an optional <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsing-the-web.html#post-resource" id="ref-for-index-term-post-resource-1">POST resource</a> <var>POST resource</var> and returns an
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-application-context" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-application-context-6">application context</a>.
        </p>
        <p>
          <var data-type="URL">target URL</var>, if given, <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em> be <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-0-4">within scope</a> of
          <var data-type="processed manifest">manifest</var>.
        </p>
        <p>
          Other specifications <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> replace this algorithm's steps with their
          own steps. This replacement will take effect for all invocations of
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-launching-a-web-application" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-launching-a-web-application-4">launch a web application</a>.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-34"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-33" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
          This algorithm is replaceable to allow an experimental <a href="https://github.com/WICG/web-app-launch">launch_handler</a> manifest
          field to configure the behavior of all web application launches. The
          replacement algorithm invokes <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-create-a-new-application-context" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-create-a-new-application-context-1">create a new application context</a> by
          default but under certain conditions behaves differently.
        </p></div>
        <ol class="algorithm">
          <li>Return the result of running the steps to <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-create-a-new-application-context" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-create-a-new-application-context-2">create a new application context</a> passing <var data-type="processed manifest">manifest</var>, <var data-type="URL">target URL</var> and <var>POST
          resource</var>.
          </li>
        </ol>
        <p>
          The steps to <dfn data-export="" id="dfn-create-a-new-application-context" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">create a new application
          context</dfn> is given by the following algorithm. The algorithm
          takes a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processed-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-5">processed manifest</a> <var data-type="processed
          manifest">manifest</var>, an optional <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-13">URL</a> <var data-type="URL">target URL</var>, an optional <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsing-the-web.html#post-resource" id="ref-for-index-term-post-resource-2">POST resource</a> <var>POST resource</var> and returns an <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-application-context" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-application-context-7">application context</a>.
        </p>
        <ol class="algorithm">
          <li>If <var data-type="URL">target URL</var> was not given, set <var data-type="URL">target URL</var> to <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start-url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start-url-8">start URL</a>.
          </li>
          <li>Let <var>traversable</var> be the result of running the steps to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#create-a-fresh-top-level-traversable" id="ref-for-index-term-create-a-fresh-top-level-traversable-1">create a fresh top-level traversable</a> with <var data-type="URL">target URL</var> and <var>POST
          resource</var>.
          </li>
          <li>Let <var>browsing context</var> be the <var>traversable</var>'s <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#nav-bc" id="ref-for-index-term-active-browsing-context-1">active browsing context</a>.
          </li>
          <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-apply" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-apply-12">Apply</a> <var data-type="processed
          manifest">manifest</var> to <var>browsing context</var>.
          </li>
          <li>Return <var>browsing context</var>.
          </li>
        </ol>
      </section>
      <section id="privacy-and-security-considerations"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="installation-sec"><bdi class="secno">4.3 </bdi>
          Privacy and security considerations
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#installation-sec" aria-label="Permalink for Section 4.3"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          It is <em class="rfc2119">RECOMMENDED</em> that UI that affords the end user the ability to
          <a href="#dfn-installed" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-5">install</a> a web application also allows inspecting the icon,
          name, <a href="#dfn-start-url" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-start-url-9">start URL</a>, origin, etc. pertaining to a web application.
          This is to give an end-user an opportunity to make a conscious
          decision to approve, and possibly modify, the information pertaining
          to the web application before installing it. This also gives the
          end-user an opportunity to discern if the web application is spoofing
          another web application, by, for example, using an unexpected icon or
          name.
        </p>
        <p>
          It is <em class="rfc2119">RECOMMENDED</em> that user agents prevent other applications from
          determining which applications are installed on the system (e.g., via
          a timing attack on the user agent's cache). This could be done by,
          for example, invalidating from the user agent's cache the resources
          linked to from the manifest (for example, icons) after a web
          application is <a href="#dfn-installed" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-6">installed</a> - or by using an entirely different
          cache from that used for regular web browsing.
        </p>
      </section>
      <section id="uninstallation"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x4-4-uninstallation"><bdi class="secno">4.4 </bdi>
          Uninstallation
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#uninstallation" aria-label="Permalink for Section 4.4"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          User agents <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> provide a mechanism for the user to remove an
          <a href="#dfn-installed-web-application" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-web-application-2">installed web application</a> application.
        </p>
        <p>
          It is <em class="rfc2119">RECOMMENDED</em> that at the time of removal, the user agent also
          present the user with an opportunity to revoke other persistent data
          and settings associated with the application, such as permissions and
          persistent storage.
        </p>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section id="nav-scope"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="x5-navigation-scope"><bdi class="secno">5. </bdi>
        Navigation scope
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#nav-scope" aria-label="Permalink for Section 5."></a></div>
      
      <p>
        The <dfn data-dfn-for="manifest" data-lt="navigation scope|navigation scope of a manifest" data-export="" id="dfn-navigation-scope" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">navigation scope of a manifest</dfn> is the
        "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-scope-7"><code>scope</code></a>" member of a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processed-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-6">processed manifest</a>. The
        navigation scope is the URLs to which an <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-application-context" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-application-context-8">application context</a> can be
        <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsing-the-web.html#navigate" id="ref-for-index-term-navigated-6">navigated</a> while the manifest is <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-apply" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-apply-13">applied</a>.
      </p>
      <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-35"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-34" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><div class="">
        <p>
          If the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-scope-8"><code>scope</code></a> member is not present in the manifest, it
          defaults to the parent path of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start_url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start_url-10"><code>start_url</code></a> member. For
          example, if <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start_url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start_url-11"><code>start_url</code></a> is <code>/pages/welcome.html</code>, and
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-scope-9"><code>scope</code></a> is missing, the navigation scope will be <code>/pages/</code>
          on the same origin. If <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-start_url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-start_url-12"><code>start_url</code></a> is <code>/pages/</code> (the
          trailing slash is important!), the navigation scope will be
          <code>/pages/</code>.
        </p>
        <p>
          Developers should take care, if they rely on the default behavior,
          that all of the application's page URLs begin with the parent path of
          the start URL. To be safe, explicitly specify <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-scope-10"><code>scope</code></a>.
        </p>
      </div></div>
      <p>
        A <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-14">URL</a> <var data-type="URL">target</var> is said to be <dfn data-dfn-for="URL" data-export="" id="dfn-within-scope" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">within scope</dfn> of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-15">URL</a> <var data-type="URL">scope</var> if the
        following algorithm returns <code>true</code>:
      </p>
      <ol class="algorithm">
        <li>If <var data-type="URL">target</var> and <var data-type="URL">scope</var> are not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#same-origin" id="ref-for-index-term-same-origin-5">same origin</a>, return <code>false</code>.
        </li>
        <li>Let <var data-type="string">scopePath</var> be the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string-concatenate" id="ref-for-index-term-concatenation-for-string-1">concatenation</a> of
        <var>scopes</var>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-path" id="ref-for-index-term-path-for-url-1">path</a> using U+002F (/) as the separator.
        </li>
        <li>Let <var data-type="string">targetPath</var> be the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string-concatenate" id="ref-for-index-term-concatenation-for-string-2">concatenation</a> of
        <var data-type="URL">target</var>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-path" id="ref-for-index-term-path-for-url-2">path</a> using U+002F (/) as the separator.
        </li>
        <li>Return a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#boolean" id="ref-for-index-term-boolean-type-1">boolean</a> indicating whether <var data-type="string">targetPath</var> starts with
        <var data-type="string">scopePath</var>.
        </li>
      </ol>
      <p>
        A <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-16">URL</a> <var data-type="URL">target</var> is <dfn data-dfn-for="manifest" data-lt="within scope" data-export="" id="dfn-within-scope-0" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">within scope</dfn> of a
        <var data-type="processed manifest">manifest</var> if the <var data-type="URL">target</var> is <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-8">within scope</a>
        of <var data-type="processed manifest">manifest</var>'s <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-navigation-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-navigation-scope-3">navigation scope</a> (i.e., <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-9">within scope</a> of <var data-type="processed manifest">manifest</var>'s <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-scope-11"><code>scope</code></a> member).
      </p>
      <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-36"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-35" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span><span class="issue-label">: Scope is a simple string match</span></div><aside class="">
        <p>
          The URL string matching in this algorithm is prefix-based rather than
          path-structural (e.g. a target URL string <code>/prefix-of/resource.html</code>
          will match an app with scope <code>/prefix</code>, even though the path segment
          name is not an exact match). This is intentional for consistency with
          <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/service-workers/#scope-match-algorithm" id="ref-for-index-term-service-workers-1">Service
          Workers</a>. To avoid unexpected behavior, use a scope ending in a
          <code>/</code>.
        </p>
      </aside></div>
      <p>
        If the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-application-context" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-application-context-9">application context</a>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#nav-document" id="ref-for-index-term-active-document-for-navigable-1">active document</a>'s
        <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-for-document-3">URL</a> is not <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-0-5">within scope</a> of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-application-context" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-application-context-10">application context</a>'s <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processed-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-7">processed manifest</a>, the user agent <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> show
        a prominent UI element indicating the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-for-document-4">URL</a> or at least its
        <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#concept-origin" id="ref-for-index-term-origin-0-1">origin</a>, including whether it is served over a secure connection.
        This UI <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> differ from any UI used when the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-for-document-5">URL</a> is
        <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-0-6">within scope</a> of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-application-context" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-application-context-11">application context</a>'s
        <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processed-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-8">processed manifest</a>, in order to make it obvious that the
        user is navigating off scope.
      </p>
      <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-37"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-36" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><aside class="">
        <p>
          Nothing prevents an <a href="#dfn-application-context" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-application-context-12">application context</a> from navigating to a
          <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-17">URL</a> that is outside of the manifest's <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-navigation-scope" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-navigation-scope-4">navigation scope</a>, while still having the <a href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-28">manifest</a> <a href="#dfn-apply" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-apply-14">applied</a> to it.
        </p>
        <p>
          Unlike previous versions of this specification, user agents are no
          longer required or allowed to block off-scope navigations, or open
          them in a new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-13">top-level browsing context</a>. This practice broke
          some sites that navigate to an off-scope URL (e.g., to perform
          third-party authentication). See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/issues/646">Issue 646</a>.
        </p>
      </aside></div>
      <section class="informative" id="security-considerations"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="navigation-scope-security-considerations"><bdi class="secno">5.1 </bdi>
          Security considerations
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#navigation-scope-security-considerations" aria-label="Permalink for Section 5.1"></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
        
        <p>
          The above recommendation (to show some UI when the <a href="#dfn-application-context" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-application-context-13">application
          context</a> is navigated to an out-of-scope <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="ref-for-index-term-url-18">URL</a>) is for
          security reasons. It ensures that users are always aware of which
          <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#concept-origin" id="ref-for-index-term-origin-0-2">origin</a> they are interacting with.
        </p>
        <p>
          Despite this, there is still a potential spoofing risk, if an
          installed app pretends to navigate to an out-of-scope site on another
          <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#concept-origin" id="ref-for-index-term-origin-0-3">origin</a>. The site shows a fake version of the user agent's
          prominent out-of-scope UI, indicating to the user that it is on
          another origin. However, in reality, the user has never navigated
          away from the installed app's origin, and the user agent is not
          showing any out-of-scope UI. User agents could try to show the
          out-of-scope UI in a way that cannot be spoofed by the installed app.
          However, due to the nature of the user agent's UI being minimal or
          non-existent for installed apps, this may not be possible.
        </p>
      </section>
      <section id="deep-links"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x5-2-deep-links"><bdi class="secno">5.2 </bdi>
          Deep links
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#deep-links" aria-label="Permalink for Section 5.2"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          A <dfn id="dfn-deep-link" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">deep link</dfn> is a URL that is <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-within-scope-0" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-within-scope-0-7">within scope</a> of
          an <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-installed-web-application" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-web-application-3">installed web application</a>'s <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processed-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-9">processed manifest</a>.
        </p>
        <p>
          An <a href="#dfn-application-context" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-application-context-14">application context</a> can be instantiated through a <a href="#dfn-deep-link" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-deep-link-3">deep
          link</a>, in which case, the manifest is applied and the <a href="#dfn-deep-link" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-deep-link-4">deep
          link</a> is loaded within the context of a web application.
        </p>
        <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-38"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-37" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><aside class="">
          <p>
            The concept of a <a href="#dfn-deep-link" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-deep-link-5">deep link</a> is useful in that it allows
            hyperlinking from one <a href="#dfn-installed-web-application" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-web-application-4">installed web application</a> to another.
            This can be from a native application to an <a href="#dfn-installed-web-application" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-web-application-5">installed web
            application</a> and vice versa. Theoretically, this can provide
            seamless context switching between native and web applications
            through standard hyperlinks. And in the case where a particular web
            application is not <a href="#dfn-installed" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-7">installed</a>, the <abbr title="Operating system">OS</abbr> can just open the link
            in the user's preferred web browser.
          </p>
          <p>
            Implementers are encouraged make such context switching obvious to
            the user, for example, by adhering to the human interface
            guidelines of the underlying platform with respect to application
            switching.
          </p>
        </aside></div>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section id="display-modes"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="x6-display-modes"><bdi class="secno">6. </bdi>
        Display modes
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#display-modes" aria-label="Permalink for Section 6."></a></div>
      
      <p>
        A <dfn class="export" data-export="" data-plurals="display modes" id="dfn-display-mode" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">display mode</dfn> represents how the web
        application is being presented within the context of an <abbr title="Operating system">OS</abbr> (e.g., in
        fullscreen, etc.). Display modes correspond to user interface (UI)
        metaphors and functionality in use on a given platform. The UI
        conventions of the display modes are purely advisory and implementers
        are free to interpret them how they best see fit.
      </p>
      <p>
        This specification defines the following <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-5">display modes</a>:
      </p>
      <dl>
        <dt>
          <dfn class="export" data-dfn-for="display mode" data-export="" id="dfn-fullscreen" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">fullscreen</dfn>
        </dt>
        <dd>
          Opens the web application with browser UI elements hidden and takes
          up the entirety of the available display area.
        </dd>
        <dt>
          <dfn class="export" data-dfn-for="display mode" data-export="" id="dfn-standalone" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">standalone</dfn>
        </dt>
        <dd>
          Opens the web application to look and feel like a standalone native
          application. This can include the application having a different
          window, its own icon in the application launcher, etc. In this mode,
          the user agent will exclude standard browser UI elements such as an
          URL bar, but can include other system UI elements such as a status
          bar and/or system back button.
        </dd>
        <dt>
          <dfn class="export" data-dfn-for="display mode" data-export="" id="dfn-minimal-ui" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">minimal-ui</dfn>
        </dt>
        <dd>
          This mode is similar to <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-standalone" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-standalone-1">standalone</a>, but provides the
          end-user with some means to access a minimal set of UI elements for
          controlling navigation (i.e., back, forward, reload, and perhaps some
          way of viewing the document's address). A user agent can include
          other platform specific UI elements, such as "share" and "print"
          buttons or whatever is customary on the platform and user agent.
        </dd>
        <dt>
          <dfn class="export" data-dfn-for="display mode" data-export="" id="dfn-browser" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">browser</dfn>
          (default)
        </dt>
        <dd>
          Opens the web application using the platform-specific convention for
          opening hyperlinks in the user agent (e.g., in a browser tab or a new
          window).
        </dd>
      </dl>
      <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-39"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-38" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
        The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-fullscreen" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-fullscreen-1">fullscreen</a> <a href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-6">display mode</a> is orthogonal to,
        and works independently of, the <cite><a data-matched-text="[[[FULLSCREEN]]]" href="https://fullscreen.spec.whatwg.org/">Fullscreen API Standard</a></cite>. The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-fullscreen" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-fullscreen-2">fullscreen</a> <a href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-7">display mode</a> affects the fullscreen state of
        the browser window, while the [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-fullscreen" title="Fullscreen API Standard">FULLSCREEN</a></cite>] API operates on an element
        contained within the viewport. As such, a web application can have its
        <a href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-8">display mode</a> set to <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-fullscreen" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-fullscreen-3">fullscreen</a>, while
        <code>document.fullScreenElement</code> returns <code>null</code>, and <code>fullscreenEnabled</code>
        returns <code>false</code>.
      </p></div>
      <p>
        Once a user agent <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-apply" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-apply-15">applies</a> a particular <a href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-9">display mode</a> to an
        <a href="#dfn-application-context" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-application-context-15">application context</a>, it becomes the <dfn id="dfn-default-display-mode" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">default display
        mode</dfn> for the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-14">top-level browsing context</a> (i.e., it is used
        as the display mode when the window is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsing-the-web.html#navigate" id="ref-for-index-term-navigated-7">navigated</a>). The user
        agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> override the <a href="#dfn-default-display-mode" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-default-display-mode-1">default display mode</a> for security reasons
        (e.g., the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-15">top-level browsing context</a> is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsing-the-web.html#navigate" id="ref-for-index-term-navigated-8">navigated</a> to
        another origin) and/or the user agent <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> provide the user with a means
        of switching to another <a href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-10">display mode</a>.
      </p>
      <p>
        When the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-display" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-display-2"><code>display</code></a> member is missing, or if there is no
        valid <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-display" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-display-3"><code>display</code></a> member, the user agent uses the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-browser" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-browser-1">browser</a> <a href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-11">display mode</a> as the <a href="#dfn-default-display-mode" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-default-display-mode-2">default display mode</a>.
        As such, the user agent <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em> support the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-browser" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-browser-2">browser</a>
        <a href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-12">display mode</a>.
      </p>
      <p>
        Every <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-13">display mode</a> has a <dfn id="dfn-fallback-chain" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">fallback chain</dfn>, which is a list
        of <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-14">display modes</a>. The <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-fallback-chain" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-fallback-chain-1">fallback chain</a> for:
      </p>
      <ol>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-browser" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-browser-3">browser</a> is «».
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-minimal-ui" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-minimal-ui-1">minimal-ui</a> is « "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-browser" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-browser-4">browser</a>" ».
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-standalone" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-standalone-2">standalone</a> is « "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-minimal-ui" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-minimal-ui-2">minimal-ui</a>",
        "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-browser" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-browser-5">browser</a>" ».
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-fullscreen" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-fullscreen-4">fullscreen</a> is « "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-standalone" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-standalone-3">standalone</a>",
        "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-minimal-ui" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-minimal-ui-3">minimal-ui</a>", "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-browser" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-browser-6">browser</a>" ».
        </li>
      </ol>
      <p>
        The <dfn id="dfn-steps-for-determining-the-web-app-s-chosen-display-mode" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn" class="respec-offending-element" title="Found definition for &quot;steps for determining the web app's chosen display mode&quot;, but nothing links to it. This is usually a spec bug!">steps for determining the web app's chosen display mode</dfn>
        is given by the following algorithm. The algorithm takes a
        <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processed-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-10">processed manifest</a> <var data-type="processed manifest">manifest</var> and
        returns a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-15">display mode</a>.
      </p>
      <ol class="algorithm">
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processing-extension-point" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processing-extension-point-3">processing extension-point</a>: process any
        proprietary and/or other supported display modes at this point in the
        algorithm.
        </li>
        <li>If the user agent supports <var data-type="processed manifest">manifest</var>["display"], then return
        <var data-type="processed manifest">manifest</var>["display"].
        </li>
        <li><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-iterate" id="ref-for-index-term-for-each-for-list-6">For each</a> <var>fallback_mode</var> of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-fallback-chain" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-fallback-chain-2">fallback chain</a> of
        <var data-type="processed manifest">manifest</var>["display"]:
          <ol>
            <li>If the user agent supports the <var>fallback_mode</var>, then return
            <var>fallback_mode</var>.
            </li>
          </ol>
        </li>
      </ol>
      <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-40"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-39" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
        The above loop is guaranteed to return a value before the assertion,
        due to the fact that <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-browser" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-browser-7">browser</a> is in every mode's
        <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-fallback-chain" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-fallback-chain-3">fallback chain</a>, and the requirement that all user agents support
        the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-browser" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-browser-8">browser</a> <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-16">display mode</a>.
      </p></div>
      <aside class="example" id="example-12"><div class="marker">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-12">Example<bdi> 12</bdi></a>
  </div>
        <p>
          SuperSecure Browser (a fictitious browser) only supports the
          <code>minimal-ui</code> and <code>browser</code> display modes, but a developer declares
          that they wants <code>fullscreen</code> in the manifest by using the
          <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-display" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-display-4"><code>display</code></a> property. In this case, the user agent will
          first check if it supports <code>fullscreen</code> (it doesn't), so it falls
          back to <code>standalone</code> (which it also doesn't support), and ultimately
          falls back to <code>minimal-ui</code>.
        </p>
      </aside>
      <p>
        The <dfn id="dfn-display-modes-list" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">display modes list</dfn> is the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-index-term-list-12">list</a> « "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-fullscreen" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-fullscreen-5">fullscreen</a>", "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-standalone" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-standalone-4">standalone</a>", "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-minimal-ui" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-minimal-ui-4">minimal-ui</a>", "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-browser" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-browser-9">browser</a>" ».
      </p>
      <p>
        A user agent <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em> reflect the applied <a href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-17">display mode</a> of the web
        application in the <a data-link-type="css-descriptor" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-5/#descdef-media-display-mode" id="ref-for-index-term-display-mode-for-media-1"><code>display-mode</code></a> media feature [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-mediaqueries-5" title="Media Queries Level 5">MEDIAQUERIES-5</a></cite>].
      </p>
      <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-41"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-40" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
        A user agent will expose the actual display mode being applied — not
        necessarily the one declared in the manifest — via the
        <a data-link-type="css-descriptor" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-5/#descdef-media-display-mode" id="ref-for-index-term-display-mode-for-media-2"><code>display-mode</code></a> media feature, accessible through CSS or
        JavaScript. Note that this media feature will also reflect other
        display modes for a web page when a manifest is not being applied. For
        example, if the end-user puts the page into fullscreen, then the user
        agent would reflect this change to CSS and scripts via the
        <a data-link-type="css-descriptor" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-5/#descdef-media-display-mode" id="ref-for-index-term-display-mode-for-media-3"><code>display-mode</code></a> media feature.
      </p></div>
    </section>
    <section id="priv-sec"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="x7-privacy-and-security-considerations"><bdi class="secno">7. </bdi>
        Privacy and security considerations
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#priv-sec" aria-label="Permalink for Section 7."></a></div>
      
      <p>
        This specification does not directly deal with high-value data.
        However, <a href="#dfn-installed-web-application" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-web-application-6">installed web applications</a> and their data could be seen
        as "high value" (particularly from a privacy perspective).
      </p>
      <p>
        As the manifest format is JSON and will be encoded using [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-unicode" title="The Unicode Standard">UNICODE</a></cite>],
        the security considerations described in [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-json" title="The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format">JSON</a></cite>] and
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-unicode-security" title="Unicode Security Considerations">UNICODE-SECURITY</a></cite>] apply. In addition, because there is no way to
        prevent developers from including custom/unrestrained data in a
        <a href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-29">manifest</a>, implementors need to impose their own
        implementation-specific limits on the values of otherwise unconstrained
        member types, e.g. to prevent denial of service attacks, to guard
        against running out of memory, or to work around platform-specific
        limitations.
      </p>
      <p>
        Web applications will generally contain ECMAScript, HTML, CSS files,
        and other media, which are executed in a sand-boxed environment. As
        such, implementors need to be aware of the security implications for
        the types they support. Specifically, implementors need to consider the
        security implications outlined in at least the following
        specifications: [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-css-mime" title="The text/css Media Type">CSS-MIME</a></cite>], [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-ecmascript-mime" title="Scripting Media Types">ECMAScript-MIME</a></cite>], [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-html" title="HTML Standard">HTML</a></cite>].
      </p>
      <p>
        As web applications can contain content that is able to simultaneously
        interact with the local device and a remote host, implementors need to
        consider the privacy implications resulting from exposing private
        information to a remote host. Mitigation and in-depth defensive
        measures are an implementation responsibility and not prescribed by
        this specification. However, in designing these measures, implementors
        are advised to enable user awareness of information sharing, and to
        provide easy access to interfaces that enable revocation of
        permissions.
      </p>
      <p>
        As this specification allows for the declaration of URLs within certain
        members of a manifest, implementors need to consider the security
        considerations discussed in the [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-url" title="URL Standard">URL</a></cite>] specification. Implementations
        intending to display <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifiers">IRIs</abbr> and <abbr title="Internationalized domain name">IDNA</abbr> addresses found in the
        manifest are strongly encouraged to follow the security advice given in
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-unicode-security" title="Unicode Security Considerations">UNICODE-SECURITY</a></cite>].
      </p>
      <p>
        Developers need to be aware of the security considerations discussed
        throughout the [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-csp3" title="Content Security Policy Level 3">CSP3</a></cite>] specification, particularly in relation to
        making <code>data:</code> a valid source for the purpose of <q>inlining</q> a
        manifest. Doing so can enable XSS attacks by allowing a manifest to be
        included directly in the document itself; this is best avoided
        completely.
      </p>
      <p>
        It is <em class="rfc2119">RECOMMENDED</em> that UI that affords the end user the ability to
        <a href="#dfn-installed" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-8">install</a> a web application also allows inspecting the icon, name,
        <a href="#dfn-start-url" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-start-url-10">start URL</a>, origin, etc. pertaining to a web application. This is
        to give an end-user an opportunity to make a conscious decision to
        approve, and possibly modify, the information pertaining to the web
        application before installing it. This also gives the end-user an
        opportunity to discern if the web application is spoofing another web
        application, by, for example, using an unexpected icon or name.
      </p>
      <p>
        It is <em class="rfc2119">RECOMMENDED</em> that user agents prevent other applications from
        determining which applications are installed on the system (e.g., via a
        timing attack on the user agent's cache). This could be done by, for
        example, invalidating from the user agent's cache the resources linked
        to from the manifest (for example, icons) after a web application is
        <a href="#dfn-installed" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-9">installed</a> - or by using an entirely different cache from that
        used for regular web browsing.
      </p>
      <p>
        It's conceivable that a shortcut <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-url-2"><code>url</code></a> could be crafted
        to indicate that the application was launched from outside the browser
        (e.g., <code>"url": "/task/?from=homescreen"</code>). It is also conceivable that
        developers could encode strings into the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-url" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-url-3"><code>url</code></a> that
        uniquely identify the user (e.g., a server assigned <abbr>UUID</abbr>).
        This is fingerprinting/privacy sensitive information that the user
        might not be aware of.
      </p>
      <p>
        When the web application is running, it is <em class="rfc2119">RECOMMENDED</em> that the user
        agent provides the end-user a means to access common information about
        the web application, such as the origin, start and/or current URL,
        granted permissions, and associated icon. How such information is
        exposed to end-users is left up to implementers.
      </p>
      <p>
        Additionally, when applying a manifest that sets the <a href="#dfn-display-mode" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-display-mode-18">display
        mode</a> to anything except "<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-browser" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-browser-10">browser</a>", it is
        <em class="rfc2119">RECOMMENDED</em> that the user agent clearly indicate to the end-user that
        their are leaving the normal browsing context of a web browser.
        Ideally, launching or switching to a web application is performed in a
        manner that is consistent with launching or switching to other
        applications in the host platform. For example, a long and obvious
        animated transition, or speaking the text "Launching application X".
      </p>
      <p>
        The <code>display</code> member allows an origin some measure of control over a
        user agent’s native UI. After taking over the full screen, it could
        attempt to mimic the user interface of another application. This is
        also facilitated by the <code>'display-mode'</code> media feature
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-mediaqueries-5" title="Media Queries Level 5">MEDIAQUERIES-5</a></cite>], through which a script can know the display mode of
        a web application.
      </p>
    </section>
    <section class="appendix" id="iana-considerations"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="a-iana-considerations"><bdi class="secno">A. </bdi>
        <abbr title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">IANA</abbr> considerations
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#iana-considerations" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix A."></a></div>
      
      <p>
        The mime type <code><dfn data-export="" id="dfn-application-manifest-json" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">application/manifest+json</dfn></code> is the <dfn data-export="" id="dfn-application-manifest-media-type" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">application manifest media type</dfn>. Both the mime type and the
        <code>.webmanifest</code> file extension are <a href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/manifest+json">
        registered</a> with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
        (<abbr title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">IANA</abbr>).
      </p>
      <section id="media-type-registration"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="a-1-media-type-registration"><bdi class="secno">A.1 </bdi>
          Media type registration
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#media-type-registration" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix A.1"></a></div>
        
        <p>
          If the protocol over which the manifest is transferred supports the
          [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-mime-types" title="Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types">MIME-TYPES</a></cite>] specification (e.g. HTTP), it is <em class="rfc2119">RECOMMENDED</em> that the
          manifest be labeled with the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-application-manifest-media-type" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-application-manifest-media-type-2">application manifest media type</a>.
        </p>
        <dl>
          <dt>
            Type name:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            application
          </dd>
          <dt>
            Subtype name:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            manifest+json
          </dd>
          <dt>
            Required parameters:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            N/A
          </dd>
          <dt>
            Optional parameters:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            N/A
          </dd>
          <dt>
            Encoding considerations:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            Same as for application/json ([<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-rfc7159" title="The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format">RFC7159</a></cite>] section 8.1)
          </dd>
          <dt>
            Privacy and security considerations:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            See <a href="#priv-sec" data-matched-text="[[[#priv-sec]]]" class="sec-ref"><bdi class="secno">7. </bdi>
        Privacy and security considerations</a>.
          </dd>
          <dt>
            Applications that use this MIME type:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            Web browsers
          </dd>
          <dt>
            Additional information:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>
                Magic number(s):
              </dt>
              <dd>
                N/A
              </dd>
              <dt>
                File extension(s):
              </dt>
              <dd>
                .webmanifest
              </dd>
              <dt>
                Macintosh file type code(s):
              </dt>
              <dd>
                TEXT
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </dd>
          <dt>
            Person &amp; email address to contact for further information:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            The <a href="https://www.w3.org/2019/webapps/" rel="nofollow">Web
            Applications Working Group</a> can be contacted at <a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webapps/" rel="nofollow">public-webapps@w3.org</a>.
          </dd>
          <dt>
            Intended usage:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            COMMON
          </dd>
          <dt>
            Restrictions on usage:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            none
          </dd>
          <dt>
            Author:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>'s Web Applications Working Group.
          </dd>
          <dt>
            Change controller:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>.
          </dd>
        </dl>
      </section>
      <section id="link-relation-type-registration"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="a-2-link-relation-type-registration"><bdi class="secno">A.2 </bdi>
          Link relation type registration
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#link-relation-type-registration" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix A.2"></a></div>
        
        <dl>
          <dt>
            Relation Name:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            manifest
          </dd>
          <dt>
            Description:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            Links to a <a href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-30">manifest</a>. A manifest provides developers with a
            centralized place to put metadata associated with a web
            application.
          </dd>
          <dt>
            Reference:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/appmanifest/">https://www.w3.org/TR/appmanifest/</a>
          </dd>
          <dt>
            Notes:
          </dt>
          <dd>
            See link type "manifest" for details about how a web manifest is
            <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-fetch" id="ref-for-index-term-fetch-2">fetched</a> <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" data-lt="processing a manifest" href="#dfn-processing-a-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-9">processed</a>.
          </dd>
        </dl>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section id="conformance" class="appendix"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="b-conformance"><bdi class="secno">B. </bdi>Conformance</h2><a class="self-link" href="#conformance" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix B."></a></div><p>As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.</p><p>
        The key words <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em>, <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em>, <em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em>, <em class="rfc2119">OPTIONAL</em>, <em class="rfc2119">RECOMMENDED</em>, <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em>, and <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em> in this document
        are to be interpreted as described in
        <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/bcp14">BCP 14</a>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-rfc2119" title="Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels">RFC2119</a></cite>] [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-rfc8174" title="Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words">RFC8174</a></cite>]
        when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
      </p>
      <p>
        There is only one class of product that can claim conformance to this
        specification: a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#user-agent" id="ref-for-index-term-user-agent-4">user agent</a>.
      </p>
      <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-42"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-41" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
        Although this specification is primarily targeted at web browsers, it
        is feasible that other software could also implement this specification
        in a conforming manner. For instance, search engines, or crawlers,
        could find and process manifests to build up catalogs of sites that
        potentially work as installable web applications.
      </p></div>
      <section class="informative" id="extensibility"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="b-1-extensibility"><bdi class="secno">B.1 </bdi>
          Extensibility
        </h3><a class="self-link" href="#extensibility" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix B.1"></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
        
        <p>
          This specification is designed to be extensible. Other specifications
          are encouraged to define new members for the manifest. However, in
          doing so, please follow the conventions used in this specification.
          In particular, use the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-processing-extension-point" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-processing-extension-point-4">processing extension-point</a> to hook into the steps for <a href="#dfn-processing-a-manifest" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-10">processing a
          manifest</a>. Also, be sure to specify the steps for processing your
          particular member in the manner set forth in this specification. This
          will help keep this part of the platform consistent.
        </p>
        <p>
          To allow the community to easily find extensions, please add your
          extensions to the <a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/wiki/Extensions-Registry">Extensions
          Registry</a>.
        </p>
        <p>
          When specifying a new member, don't override or <a href="https://annevankesteren.nl/2014/02/monkey-patch">monkey patch</a>
          anything defined in this specification. Also, don't assume your
          member will be processed before or after any other member. Keep your
          new member, and its processing, atomic and self contained. Note also
          that implementations are free to ignore any member they do not
          recognize or support.
        </p>
        <p>
          If you are writing a specification and temporarily want to patch this
          specification to help implementations along, <a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/issues">file a bug</a> so the
          community is informed of what you are trying to do.
        </p>
        <section id="proprietary-extensions" class="informative"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="b-1-1-proprietary-manifest-members"><bdi class="secno">B.1.1 </bdi>
            Proprietary manifest members
          </h4><a class="self-link" href="#proprietary-extensions" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix B.1.1"></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
          
          <p>
            Although proprietary extensions are undesirable, they can't
            realistically be avoided. If a user agent chooses to interpret a
            member in the manifest JSON that is not specified in this document,
            it can do so, but with care.
          </p>
          <p>
            We encourage implementors adding proprietary extensions to consider
            whether they could become a standard (i.e. if it would make sense
            for a second user agent on a different platform to make use of that
            member, even if no other user agent has expressed interest right
            now). If so, we ask authors to design the API in a vendor-neutral
            way, and propose it as a standard (see <a href="#incubations" data-matched-text="[[[#incubations]]]" class="sec-ref"><bdi class="secno">C. </bdi>
        Incubations</a>). If the
            new member is truly proprietary (i.e. will only ever make sense in
            the context of a proprietary ecosystem), use this process, and
            prefix it with the short name of that proprietary ecosystem to
            avoid name collisions.
          </p>
          <p>
            Do not use vendor prefixes that you intend to later remove once it
            becomes a standard (those tend to stick around forever). Only use
            prefixes that will make sense now and into the future.
          </p>
          <p>
            We encourage implementors to add proprietary extensions to our
            <a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/wiki/Extensions-Registry">Extensions
            Registry</a>. This allows the community to track what extensions
            vendors and/or the web community have defined and documented.
            Periodically, we will consider those extensions for
            standardization.
          </p>
          <p>
            The following is an example of three hypothetical proprietary
            extensions.
          </p>
          <div class="example" id="example-proprietary-extensions">
        <div class="marker">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-proprietary-extensions">Example<bdi> 13</bdi></a><span class="example-title">: Proprietary extensions</span>
  </div> <pre class="json" aria-busy="false"><code class="hljs">{
  ...
  "kpl_fancy_feature": "some/url/img",
  "gmpc_awesome_thing": { ... },
  "blitzly_site_verification": "KEY_9864D0966935"
  ...
}</code></pre>
      </div>
          <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-43"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-42" aria-level="5"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
            In this example, we have deliberately chosen (made-up) names of
            things that could be external sites or services, <em>not</em> names
            of browsers or browser vendors. These are not vendor prefixes
            belonging to the browser that invented them; they are prefixes of
            proprietary services.
          </p></div>
        </section>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section class="appendix informative" id="incubations-0"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="incubations"><bdi class="secno">C. </bdi>
        Incubations
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#incubations" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix C."></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
      
      <p>
        Extensions to this specification are being incubated in parallel by the
        Web Community, some of which are shipping in multiple browsers. If two
        or more browser engines end up supporting an incubated feature, then
        those features will become part of this specification in the future -
        allowing them to become a standard the Web Platform:
      </p>
      <dl>
        <dt>
          <code>BeforeInstallPrompt</code> and <code>window.onappinstalled</code> event
        </dt>
        <dd>
          The <code>BeforeInstallPrompt</code> event and <code>window.onappinstalled</code> event
          were originally part of this specification. However, they were
          <a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/836">removed from the
          specification</a> because they did not have support from two or more
          implementers. You can now find them in the <a href="https://github.com/WICG/manifest-incubations"><code>BeforeInstallPrompt</code>
          event and <code>window.onappinstalled</code> repository</a> at the <a href="https://wicg.io"><abbr title="Web Incubator Community Group">WICG</abbr></a>.
        </dd>
        <dt>
          <code>share_target</code> member
        </dt>
        <dd>
          The <code>share_target</code> member registers a web application as "target" for
          share actions (e.g., for sharing a text, a URL, or a file). The
          <code>share_target</code> member is part of the <a href="https://wicg.github.io/web-share-target/">Web Share Target</a>
          specification, being incubated at the <a href="https://wicg.io"><abbr title="Web Incubator Community Group">WICG</abbr></a>.
        </dd>
      </dl>
    </section>
    <section class="appendix informative" id="application-information"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="d-application-information"><bdi class="secno">D. </bdi>
        Application Information
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#application-information" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix D."></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
      
      <p>
        Several members of the Web Application Manifest provide additional
        metadata related to how the web application may be presented in the
        context of a digital storefront, installation dialog, or other surfaces
        where the web application may be marketed or distributed. In an effort
        to support these use cases better, the following members have been
        moved into <cite><a data-matched-text="[[[manifest-app-info]]]" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/manifest-app-info/">Web App Manifest - Application Information</a></cite>:
      </p>
      <ul>
        <li><code>categories</code>
        </li>
        <li><code>description</code>
        </li>
        <li><code>iarc_rating_id</code>
        </li>
        <li><code>screenshots</code>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </section>
    <section class="appendix informative" id="relationship-to-html-s-link-and-meta-elements"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="e-relationship-to-html-s-link-and-meta-elements"><bdi class="secno">E. </bdi>
        Relationship to HTML's <code>link</code> and <code>meta</code> elements
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#relationship-to-html-s-link-and-meta-elements" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix E."></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
      
      <p>
        An extensive discussion of why we chose to use JSON instead of HTML
        <code>meta</code>/<code>link</code> tags for this specification is available on <a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/issues/97">GitHub</a> and on the
        <a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-tag/2014Jan/0139.html">www-tag</a>
        list. Below is a short summary of the key points raised in those
        discussions.
      </p>
      <p>
        The document format defined in this specification provides a unified
        means of encapsulating metadata about a Web application in a way that
        we hope will avoid existing pitfalls with both proprietary and
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-html" title="HTML Standard">HTML</a></cite>]'s <code>meta</code>/<code>link</code> tags. Those pitfalls include:
      </p>
      <ul>
        <li>Developers have to duplicate the icons and application name in each
        page of a web site, leading to significant redundancy across pages.
        This is compounded if that information never gets used by the user
        agent (e.g., the user never bookmarks the web application).
        </li>
        <li>Spreading metadata across multiple documents can cause data to fall
        out of sync.
        </li>
        <li>If the metadata for a web application lives in a HTML document,
        that significantly increases the cost to user agents (and users) of
        checking for updates to the metadata of a site. Since the HTML file is
        likely to change often, it means that a user agent will often have to
        download the whole HTML file in order to check if any of the relevant
        meta tags have changed. If this resource contains inlined resources
        like JavaScript, images, or stylesheets, this could be a non-trivial
        download.
        </li>
      </ul>
      <p>
        Although it would be unrealistic to think that this specification won't
        bring its own set of problems, externalizing this data in the form of a
        manifest solves the problems described above. These problems are solved
        by:
      </p>
      <ul>
        <li>Making the manifest externally linkable: External manifest files
        can be cached as external resources, saving both bytes and redundancy
        in the markup.
        </li>
        <li>Flexible value types: unlike HTML attributes, members of the
        manifest can represent data using complex types, such as objects and
        arrays, rather than just strings. This solves the problem of the
        awkward and highly inconsistent formats the values of proprietary
        <code>meta</code> tags are currently using, especially when a tag's value contains
        several sub-values.
        </li>
      </ul>
      <p>
        In addition, standardizing the functionality currently provided by the
        various <code>meta</code> tag-based solutions within the manifest solves the
        problem of having tproprietary and standard [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-html" title="HTML Standard">HTML</a></cite>] tags that all
        achieve the same thing. Of course, this hinges on the standard actually
        getting implemented by browsers and those browsers getting widely
        deployed to users: if this happens, the Web community might be able to
        retire many of the proprietary <code>meta</code> tags plaguing the Web at the time
        of writing. More information about the proprietary tags can be found in
        the <cite><a href="https://w3c-webmob.github.io/installable-webapps/">Use Cases and
        Requirements for Installable Web Apps</a></cite> .
      </p>
      <p>
        Lastly, this specification does not make the standardized solutions
        found in [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-html" title="HTML Standard">HTML</a></cite>] redundant. When members like the <code>name</code> or <code>icons</code> is
        missing from the manifest, user agents can search in a manifest's owner
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-html" title="HTML Standard">HTML</a></cite>] document for things like icons and the application name (or a
        user agent might even fallback to proprietary tags/metadata, if they
        are present in a document).
      </p>
    </section>
    <section class="appendix informative" id="json-schema"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="f-json-schema"><bdi class="secno">F. </bdi>
        JSON Schema
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#json-schema" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix F."></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
      
      <p>
        Developers interested in validating <a href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-31">manifest</a> documents can find
        an unofficial <a href="https://json.schemastore.org/web-manifest">JSON
        schema for the manifest format</a> at <a href="https://schemastore.org/json/">schemastore.org</a>. It is licensed
        under <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html">Apache
        2.0</a>. It is kindly maintained by <a href="https://github.com/madskristensen">Mads Kristensen</a>. If you find
        any issues with the JSON schema, please <a href="https://github.com/SchemaStore/schemastore/issues/">file a bug</a> at
        the <a href="https://github.com/SchemaStore/schemastore">SchemaStore
        repository</a> on GitHub.
      </p>
      <div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-44"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-43" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span><span class="issue-label">: Web Manifest JSON Schema</span></div><aside class="">
        <details>
          <summary>
            Click to view schema.
          </summary>
          <pre class="json" aria-busy="false"><code class="hljs"></code></pre>
        </details>
      </aside></div>
    </section>
    <section id="internationalization" class="appendix informative" data-cite="i18n-glossary"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="g-internationalization"><bdi class="secno">G. </bdi>
        Internationalization
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#internationalization" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix G."></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
      
      <p>
        It is expected that authors will localize the content of a manifest by
        using one of the following options:
      </p>
      <dl>
        <dt>
          Localized values in the manifest:
        </dt>
        <dd>
          Authors can provide <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localized-value" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localized-value-8">localized values</a> for the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-localizable-member" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-17">localizable members</a> of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-manifest" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-manifest-32">manifest</a>. The user agent passes all localized
          values to the host operating system. When the user changes the
          <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-glossary/#dfn-locale" id="ref-for-index-term-locale-1">locale</a> at the <abbr title="Operating system">OS</abbr> level, the <abbr title="Operating system">OS</abbr> can present the updated localized
          values of the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-installed-web-application" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-installed-web-application-7">installed web application</a>.
        </dd>
        <dt>
          Dynamically setting the language:
        </dt>
        <dd>
          This can include, for instance, asking the end-user what their
          preferred language is and dynamically adding or replacing the
          manifest link relationship to the document based on that language
          preference (e.g., using a URL like "manifest.php?lang=fr").
        </dd>
        <dt>
          Using content-negotiation, or geotargeting, etc. on the server:
        </dt>
        <dd>
          The server that hosts the web application could attempt to
          predetermine the end-user's language by using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotargeting">geotargeting</a> or by
          using content negotiation (e.g., using an HTTP "<code>Accept-Language</code>"
          header [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-rfc9110" title="HTTP Semantics">RFC9110</a></cite>], or even a custom HTTP header).
        </dd>
      </dl>
      <p>
        Given the options above, developers need to be mindful of the
        end-user's privacy with respect to their preferred language: When the
        end-user has explicitly indicated their language preference to a web
        application (i.e., when not just using the user-agent default language
        settings), sending the end-user's preferred language in the clear over
        the wire is generally not OK. Doing so would reveal personal
        information about an end-user. As such, developers are encouraged to
        use [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-tls" title="The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2">TLS</a></cite>] to reduce the chances of pervasive monitoring of their Web
        applications [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-rfc7258" title="Pervasive Monitoring Is an Attack">RFC7258</a></cite>].
      </p>
    </section>
    <section id="use-cases-and-requirements"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="h-use-cases-and-requirements"><bdi class="secno">H. </bdi>
        Use Cases and Requirements
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#use-cases-and-requirements" aria-label="Permalink for Section H."></a></div>
      
      <p>
        This document attempts to address the <cite><a href="https://w3c-webmob.github.io/installable-webapps/">Use Cases and
        Requirements for Installable Web Apps</a></cite>.
      </p>
    </section>
    <section id="issue-summary"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="i-issue-summary"><bdi class="secno">I. </bdi>Issue summary</h2><a class="self-link" href="#issue-summary" aria-label="Permalink for Section I."></a></div><p>There are no issues listed in this specification.</p></section>
    <section class="informative" id="change-log"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="j-change-log"><bdi class="secno">J. </bdi>
        Change log
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#change-log" aria-label="Permalink for Section J."></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
      
      <p>
        The following are some significant changes that were made since First
        Public Working Draft:
      </p>
       <rs-changelog from="fef12b3e313bb61d9434da73dc565132d8f4c483" filter="removeCommits"><ul>
      <li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/ec8a23b">clarify the definition of "navigation scope", "applied", and off-scop…</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/40cf2c7">Make enums case-insensitive</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/1149">#1149</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/1a06ac7">Move `prefer_related_applications` and `related_applications` to mani…</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/75ae2b4">Add members for localization</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/1101">#1101</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/3e1fd57">Trim `dir`, `lang`, `display`, `orientation`, text and color values (…</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/2f54efe">Remove problematic icon matching algorithm</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/1120">#1120</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/bceb2ee">Processing steps for id now removes the fragment</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/1122">#1122</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/2a8fc0a">Rewrite privacy considerations on fingerprinting in start_url</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/1114">#1114</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/662cc34">Change "A" to "An"</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/1103">#1103</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/22a0b1e">Allow manifest processing to be invoked without going through an HTML…</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/7d41b99">Ran tidy.</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/1067">#1067</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/54acb9e">Describe manifest update behavior</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/1011">#1011</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/8d0663e">Link to manifest-app-info in the README</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/1030">#1030</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/5d2ac4b">Address privacy issue with start_url</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/1029">#1029</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/874996c">Transfer display-mode to mediaqueries-5</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/1022">#1022</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/8102fc5">Add id member to manifest</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/988">#988</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/a8284f3">Use docURL as start_url</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/991">#991</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/100cd9a">Add missing shortcut icon</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/979">#979</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/04b2157">Remove query &amp; fragment from scope</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/961">#961</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/32b497c">Remove WebIDL + rewrite all the things</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/10c255d">Revert "Editorial: Move some members to App Information Note</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/900">#900</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/72ba21c">Moving to data-cite for the accessible name</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/920">#920</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/4ab46a2">BREAKING CHANGE: remove `platform` from ManifestImageResource</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/913">#913</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/d1699ec">Adding in some accessibility-related language</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/898">#898</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/1860fe4">Add privacy section for shortcuts member</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/896">#896</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/2c55d86">BREAKING CHANGE: Replace "badge" with "monochrome"</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/833">#833</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/f704809">Update links to the WG</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/871">#871</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/8c7fd7b">Remove beforeinstallprompt and appinstalled events.</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/836">#836</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/9888403">Set the manifest request's . #829</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/83fd72b">Rewrite processing shortcuts algorithm to be more precise</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/832">#832</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/8923ba4">BREAKING CHANGE: remove serviceworker member</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/825">#825</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/6708bc8">Make Service Worker registration work properly (don't use outdated st…</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/4c24e73">Add shortcuts feature to the explainer and spec</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/768">#768</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/32ce484">Make BeforeInstallPrompt optional</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/797">#797</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/c3e18c8">Various fixes to ImageResource processing algorithms:</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/811">#811</a>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/commit/f8f227e">Rewrite installation process and install prompting logic</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/manifest/pull/790">#790</a>)</li>
      </ul></rs-changelog>
    </section>
    <section class="appendix informative" id="acknowledgements"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="k-acknowledgements"><bdi class="secno">K. </bdi>
        Acknowledgements
      </h2><a class="self-link" href="#acknowledgements" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix K."></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
      
      <p>
        This document reuses text from the [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-html" title="HTML Standard">HTML</a></cite>] specification, as permitted
        by the license of that specification.
      </p>
      <p>
        Dave Raggett and Dominique Hazael-Massieux contributed to this
        specification via the HTML5Apps project.
      </p>
      <p>
        Claudio Gomboli for icon example images.
      </p>
      <p>
        Indiana University Bloomington security researchers have contributed to
        this specification by reporting potential risks related to out-of-scope
        navigation.
      </p>
    </section>
    <section id="index" class="appendix"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="l-index"><bdi class="secno">L. </bdi>Index</h2><a class="self-link" href="#index" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix L."></a></div><section id="index-defined-here"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="l-1-terms-defined-by-this-specification"><bdi class="secno">L.1 </bdi>Terms defined by this specification</h3><a class="self-link" href="#index-defined-here" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix L.1"></a></div>
    
    <ul class="index">
    <li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-_localized"><code>*_localized</code></a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.15</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-any">any</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§2.1</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-application-context">application context</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.16.5</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-manifest">application manifest</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-application-manifest-media-type">application manifest media type</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§A.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-application-s-name">application's name</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§4.1</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-application-manifest-json"><code>application/manifest+json</code></a> 
    <span class="print-only">§A.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-apply">applied</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.16.5</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-auto">auto</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.2</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-background_color"><code>background_color</code></a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.13</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-browser">browser</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§6.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-cannot-be-used-together">cannot be used together</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.9</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-create-a-new-application-context">create a new application context</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§4.2</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-deep-link">deep link</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§5.2</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-default-direction">default direction</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.2</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-default-display-mode">default display mode</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§6.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-default-representation">default representation</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.15</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-default-theme-color">default theme color</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.12</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-description"><code>description</code></a> 
    <span class="print-only">§3.3</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-determine-the-purpose-of-an-image">determine the purpose of an image</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§2.1</span></li><li>
    dir
    <ul>
      <li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-dir">definition of</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.2</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-dir-0">definition of</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.15.1</span></li>
    </ul>
  </li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-display"><code>display</code></a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.8</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-display-mode">display mode</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§6.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-display-modes-list">display modes list</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§6.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-fallback-chain">fallback chain</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§6.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-fullscreen">fullscreen</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§6.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-icon">icon</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§2.1</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-icon-purposes">icon purposes</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§2.1</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-icon-purposes-list">icon purposes list</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§2.1</span></li><li>
    icons
    <ul>
      <li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-icons">definition of</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.7</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-icons-0">definition of</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§3.5</span></li>
    </ul>
  </li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-id"><code>id</code></a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.11</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-identity">identity</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.11</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-ignore">ignore</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.16.1</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-installed">install</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§4.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-installed-web-application">installed web application</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§4.</span></li><li>
    lang
    <ul>
      <li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-lang">definition of</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.3</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-lang-0">definition of</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.15.1</span></li>
    </ul>
  </li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-language-map">language map</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.15</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-language-tag">language tag</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.3</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-launching-a-web-application">launch a web application</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§4.2</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-launching-a-shortcut">Launching a shortcut</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§3.6</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-localizable-member">localizable member</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.15</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-localized-text-object">localized text object</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.15.1</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-localized-value">localized value</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.15</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-ltr">ltr</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.2</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-manifest-image-resource">manifest image resource</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§2.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-manifest-url">manifest URL</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-maskable">maskable</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§2.1</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-minimal-ui">minimal-ui</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§6.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-monochrome">monochrome</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§2.1</span></li><li>
    name
    <ul>
      <li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-name">definition of</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.4</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-name-0">definition of</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§3.1</span></li>
    </ul>
  </li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-navigation-scope">navigation scope of a manifest</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§5.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-orientation"><code>orientation</code></a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.9</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-orientation-values">orientation values</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.9</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-process-a-_localized-image-resource-member">process a *_localized image resource member</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.15.2</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member">process a *_localized text member</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.15.1</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-process-a-color-member">process a color member</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.16.2</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-process-a-localized-text-object">process a localized text object</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.15.1</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-process-a-shortcut">process a shortcut</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§3.7</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-process-a-text-member">process a text member</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.16.3</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-process-image-resources">process image resources</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§2.5</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-process-the-dir-member">process the dir member</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.2</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-process-the-display-member">process the display member</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.8</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-process-the-id-member">process the id member</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.11</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-process-the-lang-member">process the lang member</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.3</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-process-the-orientation-member">process the orientation member</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.9</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-process-the-scope-member">process the scope member</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.6</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-process-the-shortcuts-member">process the shortcuts member</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.14</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-process-the-start_url-member">process the start_url member</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.10</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-processed-manifest">processed manifest</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.16.1</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-processing-a-manifest">processing a manifest</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.16.1</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-processing-extension-point">processing extension-point</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.16.1</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-purpose"><code>purpose</code></a> 
    <span class="print-only">§2.1</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-rtl">rtl</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.2</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-safe-zone">safe zone</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§2.3</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-scope"><code>scope</code></a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.6</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-security-sensitive-members">security-sensitive members</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.16.6</span></li><li>
    short_name
    <ul>
      <li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-short_name">definition of</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.5</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-short_name-0">definition of</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§3.2</span></li>
    </ul>
  </li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-shortcut-item">shortcut item</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§3.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-shortcuts"><code>shortcuts</code></a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.14</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-solid-fill">solid fill</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§2.4</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-standalone">standalone</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§6.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-start-url">start URL</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.10</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-start_url"><code>start_url</code></a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.10</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-steps-for-determining-the-web-app-s-chosen-display-mode">steps for determining the web app's chosen display mode</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§6.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-text-direction-list">text-direction list</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.2</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-text-directions">text-directions</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.2</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-theme-color">theme color</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.12</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-theme_color"><code>theme_color</code></a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.12</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-url"><code>url</code></a> 
    <span class="print-only">§3.4</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-value"><code>value</code></a> 
    <span class="print-only">§1.15.1</span></li><li>
    within scope
    <ul>
      <li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-within-scope">definition of</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§5.</span></li><li>
      <a class="index-term" href="#dfn-within-scope-0">definition of</a> 
    <span class="print-only">§5.</span></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  </ul>
  </section><section id="index-defined-elsewhere"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="l-2-terms-defined-by-reference"><bdi class="secno">L.2 </bdi>Terms defined by reference</h3><a class="self-link" href="#index-defined-elsewhere" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix L.2"></a></div>
    
    <ul class="index">
    <li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-accname-1.2">ACCNAME-1.2</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/#dfn-accessible-name" id="index-term-accessible-name" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">accessible name</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-css-color-4">CSS-COLOR-4</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/#alpha-channel" id="index-term-alpha-component" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">alpha component</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/#sRGB-space" id="index-term-srgb" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">sRGB</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-css-syntax-3">CSS-SYNTAX-3</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#css-parse-something-according-to-a-css-grammar" id="index-term-parsing-for-css" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">parsing (for <code>CSS</code>)</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-dom">DOM</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document" id="index-term-document" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">document</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#document" id="index-term-document-interface" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog"><code>Document</code> interface</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document-url" id="index-term-url-for-document" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">URL (for <code>Document</code>)</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-ecma-402">ECMA-402</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://tc39.es/ecma402/#sec-canonicalizeunicodelocaleid" id="index-term-canonicalizeunicodelocaleid" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">CanonicalizeUnicodeLocaleId</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://tc39.es/ecma402/#sec-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag" id="index-term-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">IsStructurallyValidLanguageTag</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-fetch">FETCH</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#cors-protocol" id="index-term-cors-protocol" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">CORS protocol</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#cors-request" id="index-term-cors-request" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">CORS Request</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-request-credentials-mode" id="index-term-credentials-mode-for-request" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">credentials mode (for <code>request</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-fetch" id="index-term-fetch" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">fetch</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#http-origin" id="index-term-origin" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">Origin</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-html">HTML</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#nav-bc" id="index-term-active-browsing-context" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">active browsing context</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#nav-document" id="index-term-active-document-for-navigable" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">active document (for <code>navigable</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#browsing-context" id="index-term-browsing-contexts" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">browsing contexts</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/urls-and-fetching.html#cors-settings-attribute-credentials-mode" id="index-term-cors-settings-attribute-credentials-mode" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">CORS settings attribute credentials mode</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#create-a-fresh-top-level-traversable" id="index-term-create-a-fresh-top-level-traversable" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">create a fresh top-level traversable</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#attr-link-crossorigin" id="index-term-crossorigin-attribute-for-link-element" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog"><code>crossorigin</code> attribute (for <code>link</code> element)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#attr-link-href" id="index-term-href-attribute-for-link-element" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog"><code>href</code> attribute (for <code>link</code> element)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#the-link-element" id="index-term-link-element" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog"><code>link</code> element</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#meta" id="index-term-meta-element" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog"><code>meta</code> element</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#attr-meta-name" id="index-term-name-attribute-for-meta-element" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog"><code>name</code> attribute (for <code>meta</code> element)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsing-the-web.html#navigate" id="index-term-navigated" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">navigated</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#concept-origin" id="index-term-origin-0" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">origin</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsing-the-web.html#post-resource" id="index-term-post-resource" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">POST resource</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#attr-link-rel" id="index-term-rel-attribute-for-link-element" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog"><code>rel</code> attribute (for <code>link</code> element)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#same-origin" id="index-term-same-origin" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">same origin</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#meta-theme-color" id="index-term-theme-color-for-meta-name" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">theme-color (for <code>meta/name</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" id="index-term-top-level-browsing-context" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">top-level browsing context</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/common-microsyntaxes.html#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens" id="index-term-unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-i18n-glossary">I18N-GLOSSARY</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-glossary/#dfn-locale" id="index-term-locale" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">locale</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-image-resource">IMAGE-RESOURCE</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://www.w3.org/TR/image-resource/#dfn-image-resource" id="index-term-image-resources" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">image resources</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://www.w3.org/TR/image-resource/#dfn-process-an-image-resource-from-json" id="index-term-process-an-image-resource-from-json" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">process an image resource from JSON</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-infra">INFRA</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#set-append" id="index-term-append-for-set" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">append (for <code>set</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-append" id="index-term-append-for-list" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">Append (for <code>list</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ascii-lowercase" id="index-term-ascii-lowercase" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">ASCII lowercase</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#boolean" id="index-term-boolean-type" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">boolean type</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#byte-sequence" id="index-term-byte-sequence" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">byte sequence</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string-concatenate" id="index-term-concatenation-for-string" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">concatenation (for <code>string</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-contain" id="index-term-contain-for-list" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">contain (for <code>list</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#iteration-continue" id="index-term-continue-for-iteration" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">continue (for <code>iteration</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" id="index-term-exist-for-map" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">exist (for <code>map</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-iterate" id="index-term-for-each-for-list" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">For each (for <code>list</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-is-empty" id="index-term-is-empty-for-list" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">is empty (for <code>list</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-getting-the-keys" id="index-term-keys-for-map" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">keys (for <code>map</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="index-term-list" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">list</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="index-term-ordered-map" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">ordered map</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#parse-json-bytes-to-an-infra-value" id="index-term-parse-json-bytes-to-an-infra-value" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">parse JSON bytes to an Infra value</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-set" id="index-term-set" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">set</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-set" id="index-term-set-for-map" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">Set (for <code>map</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#split-on-ascii-whitespace" id="index-term-split-on-ascii-whitespace" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">split on ASCII whitespace</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" id="index-term-string" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">string</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace" id="index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">Strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#user-agent" id="index-term-user-agent" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">user agent</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-mediaqueries-5">MEDIAQUERIES-5</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-5/#descdef-media-display-mode" id="index-term-display-mode-for-media" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">display-mode (for <code>@media</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-5/#descdef-media-prefers-color-scheme" id="index-term-prefers-color-scheme-for-media" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">prefers-color-scheme (for <code>@media</code>)</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-mimesniff">MIMESNIFF</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#computed-mime-type" id="index-term-computed-mime-type" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">computed mime type</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#json-mime-type" id="index-term-json-mime-type" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">JSON MIME type</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#mime-type" id="index-term-mime-type" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">MIME type</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-permissions">PERMISSIONS</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://www.w3.org/TR/permissions/#dfn-express-permission" id="index-term-express-permission" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">express permission</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-screen-orientation">SCREEN-ORIENTATION</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://www.w3.org/TR/screen-orientation/#dfn-default-screen-orientation" id="index-term-default-screen-orientation" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">default screen orientation</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://www.w3.org/TR/screen-orientation/#dom-orientationlocktype" id="index-term-orientationlocktype-enum" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog"><code>OrientationLockType</code> enum</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-service-workers-1">SERVICE-WORKERS-1</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://www.w3.org/TR/service-workers/#scope-match-algorithm" id="index-term-service-workers" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">Service Workers</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-url">URL</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-equals" id="index-term-equal-for-url" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">equal (for <code>url</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-equals-exclude-fragments" id="index-term-exclude-fragments-for-url-equals" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">exclude fragments (for <code>url/equals</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-fragment" id="index-term-fragment-for-url" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">fragment (for <code>url</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-origin" id="index-term-origin-for-url" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">origin (for <code>url</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-path" id="index-term-path-for-url" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">path (for <code>url</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-query" id="index-term-query-for-url" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">query (for <code>url</code>)</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" id="index-term-url" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">URL</span>
  </li><li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-parser" id="index-term-url-parser" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">URL Parser</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li><li>
        [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-webidl">WEBIDL</a></cite>] defines the following:
        <ul>
          <li>
    <span class="index-term" data-href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#dfn-identifier" id="index-term-identifier" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog">identifier</span>
  </li>
        </ul>
      </li>
  </ul>
  </section></section>
  

<section id="references" class="appendix"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="m-references"><bdi class="secno">M. </bdi>References</h2><a class="self-link" href="#references" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix M."></a></div><section id="normative-references"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="m-1-normative-references"><bdi class="secno">M.1 </bdi>Normative references</h3><a class="self-link" href="#normative-references" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix M.1"></a></div>
    
    <dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-accname-1.2">[accname-1.2]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/"><cite>Accessible Name and Description Computation 1.2</cite></a>. Bryan Garaventa; Melanie Sumner.  W3C. 6 February 2025. W3C Working Draft. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/">https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-bcp47">[BCP47]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5646"><cite>Tags for Identifying Languages</cite></a>. A. Phillips, Ed.; M. Davis, Ed. IETF. September 2009. Best Current Practice. URL: <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5646">https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5646</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-csp3">[CSP3]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSP3/"><cite>Content Security Policy Level 3</cite></a>. Mike West; Antonio Sartori.  W3C. 6 February 2025. W3C Working Draft. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSP3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/CSP3/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-css-color-4">[css-color-4]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/"><cite>CSS Color Module Level 4</cite></a>. Chris Lilley; Tab Atkins Jr.; Lea Verou.  W3C. 13 February 2024. CRD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-css-mime">[CSS-MIME]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2318"><cite>The text/css Media Type</cite></a>. H. Lie; B. Bos; C. Lilley.  IETF. March 1998. Informational. URL: <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2318">https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2318</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-css-syntax-3">[css-syntax-3]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/"><cite>CSS Syntax Module Level 3</cite></a>. Tab Atkins Jr.; Simon Sapin.  W3C. 24 December 2021. CRD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-dom">[dom]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/"><cite>DOM Standard</cite></a>. Anne van Kesteren.  WHATWG. Living Standard. URL: <a href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/">https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-ecma-402">[ECMA-402]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://tc39.es/ecma402/"><cite>ECMAScript Internationalization API Specification</cite></a>.  Ecma International. URL: <a href="https://tc39.es/ecma402/">https://tc39.es/ecma402/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-ecmascript-mime">[ECMAScript-MIME]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4329"><cite>Scripting Media Types</cite></a>. B. Hoehrmann.  IETF. April 2006. Informational. URL: <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4329">https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4329</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-fetch">[fetch]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/"><cite>Fetch Standard</cite></a>. Anne van Kesteren.  WHATWG. Living Standard. URL: <a href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/">https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-html">[HTML]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/"><cite>HTML Standard</cite></a>. Anne van Kesteren; Domenic Denicola; Dominic Farolino; Ian Hickson; Philip Jägenstedt; Simon Pieters.  WHATWG. Living Standard. URL: <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-image-resource">[image-resource]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/image-resource/"><cite>Image Resource</cite></a>. Aaron Gustafson; Rayan Kanso; Marcos Caceres.  W3C. 4 June 2021. W3C Working Draft. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/image-resource/">https://www.w3.org/TR/image-resource/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-infra">[infra]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/"><cite>Infra Standard</cite></a>. Anne van Kesteren; Domenic Denicola.  WHATWG. Living Standard. URL: <a href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/">https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-json">[JSON]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8259"><cite>The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format</cite></a>. T. Bray, Ed. IETF. December 2017. Internet Standard. URL: <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8259">https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8259</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-mediaqueries-5">[MEDIAQUERIES-5]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-5/"><cite>Media Queries Level 5</cite></a>. Dean Jackson; Florian Rivoal; Tab Atkins Jr.; Daniel Libby.  W3C. 18 December 2021. W3C Working Draft. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-5/">https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-5/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-mime-types">[MIME-TYPES]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2046"><cite>Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types</cite></a>. N. Freed; N. Borenstein.  IETF. November 1996. Draft Standard. URL: <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2046">https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2046</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-permissions">[permissions]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/permissions/"><cite>Permissions</cite></a>. Marcos Caceres; Mike Taylor.  W3C. 20 December 2024. W3C Working Draft. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/permissions/">https://www.w3.org/TR/permissions/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-rfc2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</cite></a>. S. Bradner.  IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119">https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-rfc7159">[RFC7159]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7159"><cite>The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format</cite></a>. T. Bray, Ed. IETF. March 2014. Proposed Standard. URL: <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7159">https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7159</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-rfc8174">[RFC8174]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174"><cite>Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words</cite></a>. B. Leiba.  IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174">https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-screen-orientation">[SCREEN-ORIENTATION]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/screen-orientation/"><cite>Screen Orientation</cite></a>. Marcos Caceres.  W3C. 9 August 2023. W3C Working Draft. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/screen-orientation/">https://www.w3.org/TR/screen-orientation/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-uax9">[UAX9]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/tr9-50.html"><cite>Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm</cite></a>. Manish Goregaokar मनीष गोरेगांवकर; Robin Leroy.  Unicode Consortium. 2 September 2024. Unicode Standard Annex #9. URL: <a href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/tr9-50.html">https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/tr9-50.html</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-unicode">[UNICODE]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/"><cite>The Unicode Standard</cite></a>.  Unicode Consortium. URL: <a href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/">https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-unicode-security">[UNICODE-SECURITY]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/tr36-15.html"><cite>Unicode Security Considerations</cite></a>. Mark Davis; Michel Suignard.  Unicode Consortium. 19 September 2014. Unicode Technical Report #36. URL: <a href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/tr36-15.html">https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/tr36-15.html</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-url">[URL]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/"><cite>URL Standard</cite></a>. Anne van Kesteren.  WHATWG. Living Standard. URL: <a href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/">https://url.spec.whatwg.org/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-uts55">[UTS55]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr55/tr55-5.html"><cite>Unicode Source Code Handling</cite></a>. Robin Leroy; Mark Davis.  Unicode Consortium. 29 January 2024. Unicode Technical Standard #55. URL: <a href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr55/tr55-5.html">https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr55/tr55-5.html</a>
    </dd></dl>
  </section><section id="informative-references"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="m-2-informative-references"><bdi class="secno">M.2 </bdi>Informative references</h3><a class="self-link" href="#informative-references" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix M.2"></a></div>
    
    <dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-fullscreen">[FULLSCREEN]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://fullscreen.spec.whatwg.org/"><cite>Fullscreen API Standard</cite></a>. Philip Jägenstedt.  WHATWG. Living Standard. URL: <a href="https://fullscreen.spec.whatwg.org/">https://fullscreen.spec.whatwg.org/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-i18n-glossary">[i18n-glossary]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-glossary/"><cite>Internationalization Glossary</cite></a>. Richard Ishida; Addison Phillips.  W3C. 17 October 2024. W3C Working Group Note. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-glossary/">https://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-glossary/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-manifest-app-info">[manifest-app-info]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/manifest-app-info/"><cite>Web App Manifest - Application Information</cite></a>. Aaron Gustafson.  W3C. 21 August 2023. W3C Working Group Note. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/manifest-app-info/">https://www.w3.org/TR/manifest-app-info/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-mimesniff">[mimesniff]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/"><cite>MIME Sniffing Standard</cite></a>. Gordon P. Hemsley.  WHATWG. Living Standard. URL: <a href="https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/">https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-rfc7258">[RFC7258]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7258"><cite>Pervasive Monitoring Is an Attack</cite></a>. S. Farrell; H. Tschofenig.  IETF. May 2014. Best Current Practice. URL: <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7258">https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7258</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-rfc9110">[RFC9110]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc9110.html"><cite>HTTP Semantics</cite></a>. R. Fielding, Ed.; M. Nottingham, Ed.; J. Reschke, Ed. IETF. June 2022. Internet Standard. URL: <a href="https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc9110.html">https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc9110.html</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-service-workers-1">[SERVICE-WORKERS-1]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/service-workers/"><cite>Service Workers</cite></a>. Jake Archibald; Marijn Kruisselbrink.  W3C. 12 July 2022. CRD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/service-workers/">https://www.w3.org/TR/service-workers/</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-tls">[TLS]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5246"><cite>The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2</cite></a>. T. Dierks; E. Rescorla.  IETF. August 2008. Proposed Standard. URL: <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5246">https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5246</a>
    </dd><dt id="bib-webidl">[webidl]</dt><dd>
      <a href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/"><cite>Web IDL Standard</cite></a>. Edgar Chen; Timothy Gu.  WHATWG. Living Standard. URL: <a href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/">https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/</a>
    </dd></dl>
  </section></section><p role="navigation" id="back-to-top">
    <a href="#title"><abbr title="Back to Top">↑</abbr></a>
  </p><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-manifest" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: application manifest">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-manifest" aria-label="Permalink for definition: application manifest. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-1" title="§ 1. Web Application Manifest">§ 1. Web Application Manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-3" title="§ 1.1.1 Typical structure">§ 1.1.1 Typical structure</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-4" title="§ 1.2 dir member">§ 1.2 dir member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-5" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-6" title="§ 1.3 lang member">§ 1.3 lang member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-7" title="§ 1.4 name member">§ 1.4 name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-8" title="§ 1.5 short_name member">§ 1.5 short_name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-9" title="§ 1.6 scope member">§ 1.6 scope member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-10" title="§ 1.7 icons member">§ 1.7 icons member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-11" title="§ 1.8 display member">§ 1.8 display member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-12" title="§ 1.9 orientation member">§ 1.9 orientation member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-13" title="§ 1.10 start_url member">§ 1.10 start_url member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-14" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-15" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-16" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-17" title="§ 1.13 background_color member">§ 1.13 background_color member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-18" title="§ 1.14 shortcuts member">§ 1.14 shortcuts member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-19" title="§ 1.15 *_localized members">§ 1.15 *_localized members</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-20" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-21" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-22" title="§ 1.16 Manifest life-cycle">§ 1.16 Manifest life-cycle</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-23" title="§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document">§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-24" title="§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest">§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-25" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-26" title="§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest">§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-27" title="§ 2.4 Monochrome icons and solid fills">§ 2.4 Monochrome icons and solid fills</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-28" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-29" title="§ 7. Privacy and security considerations">§ 7. Privacy and security considerations</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-30" title="§ A.2 Link relation type registration">§ A.2 Link relation type registration</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-31" title="§ F. JSON Schema">§ F. JSON Schema</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-32" title="§ G. Internationalization">§ G. Internationalization</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-manifest-url" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: manifest URL">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-manifest-url" aria-label="Permalink for definition: manifest URL. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
      <li>Not referenced in this document.</li>
    </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-dir" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: dir">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-dir" aria-label="Permalink for definition: dir. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-dir-1" title="§ 1. Web Application Manifest">§ 1. Web Application Manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-dir-2" title="§ 1.2 dir member">§ 1.2 dir member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-dir-3" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-dir-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-default-direction" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: default direction">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-default-direction" aria-label="Permalink for definition: default direction. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-default-direction-1" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-default-direction-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-text-directions" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: text-directions">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-text-directions" aria-label="Permalink for definition: text-directions. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-text-directions-1" title="§ 1.2 dir member">§ 1.2 dir member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-text-directions-2" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-text-directions-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-text-directions-4" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-text-directions-5" title="§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items">§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-ltr" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: ltr">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-ltr" aria-label="Permalink for definition: ltr. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-ltr-1" title="§ 1.2 dir member">§ 1.2 dir member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-rtl" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: rtl">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-rtl" aria-label="Permalink for definition: rtl. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-rtl-1" title="§ 1.2 dir member">§ 1.2 dir member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-auto" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: auto">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-auto" aria-label="Permalink for definition: auto. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-auto-1" title="§ 1.2 dir member">§ 1.2 dir member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-text-direction-list" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: text-direction list">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-text-direction-list" aria-label="Permalink for definition: text-direction list. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-text-direction-list-1" title="§ 1.2 dir member">§ 1.2 dir member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-text-direction-list-2" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-process-the-dir-member" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process the dir member">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-process-the-dir-member" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process the dir member. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-the-dir-member-1" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-lang" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: lang">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-lang" aria-label="Permalink for definition: lang. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-lang-1" title="§ 1. Web Application Manifest">§ 1. Web Application Manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-language-tag" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: language tag">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-language-tag" aria-label="Permalink for definition: language tag. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-language-tag-1" title="§ 1.3 lang member">§ 1.3 lang member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-language-tag-2" title="§ 1.15 *_localized members">§ 1.15 *_localized members</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-language-tag-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-language-tag-4" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-language-tag-5" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-process-the-lang-member" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process the lang member">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-process-the-lang-member" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process the lang member. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-the-lang-member-1" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-name" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: name">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-name" aria-label="Permalink for definition: name. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-name-1" title="§ 1. Web Application Manifest">§ 1. Web Application Manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-name-2" title="§ 1.4 name member">§ 1.4 name member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-name-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-name-4" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-name-5" title="§ 1.15 *_localized members">§ 1.15 *_localized members</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-name-6" title="§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest">§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-name-7" title="§ 4.1 Application's name">§ 4.1 Application's name</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-name-8" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-name-9" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-name-10" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-name-11" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-name-12" title="Reference 6">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-name-13" title="Reference 7">(7)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-short_name" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: short_name">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-short_name" aria-label="Permalink for definition: short_name. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-short_name-1" title="§ 1. Web Application Manifest">§ 1. Web Application Manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-short_name-2" title="§ 1.5 short_name member">§ 1.5 short_name member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-short_name-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-short_name-4" title="§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest">§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-short_name-5" title="§ 4.1 Application's name">§ 4.1 Application's name</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-short_name-6" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-short_name-7" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-short_name-8" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-short_name-9" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-short_name-10" title="Reference 6">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-short_name-11" title="Reference 7">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-short_name-12" title="Reference 8">(8)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-scope" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: scope">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-scope" aria-label="Permalink for definition: scope. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-scope-1" title="§ 1. Web Application Manifest">§ 1. Web Application Manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-scope-2" title="§ 1.1.5 Understanding &quot;scope&quot;">§ 1.1.5 Understanding "scope"</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-scope-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-scope-4" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-scope-5" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-scope-6" title="§ 1.6 scope member">§ 1.6 scope member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-scope-7" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-scope-8" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-scope-9" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-scope-10" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-scope-11" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-process-the-scope-member" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process the scope member">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-process-the-scope-member" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process the scope member. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-the-scope-member-1" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-icons" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: icons">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-icons" aria-label="Permalink for definition: icons. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-icons-1" title="§ 1. Web Application Manifest">§ 1. Web Application Manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-icons-2" title="§ 1.7 icons member">§ 1.7 icons member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-icons-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-icons-4" title="§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest">§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-display" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: display">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-display" aria-label="Permalink for definition: display. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-1" title="§ 1. Web Application Manifest">§ 1. Web Application Manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-2" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-4" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-process-the-display-member" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process the display member">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-process-the-display-member" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process the display member. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-the-display-member-1" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-orientation" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: orientation">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-orientation" aria-label="Permalink for definition: orientation. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-orientation-1" title="§ 1. Web Application Manifest">§ 1. Web Application Manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-orientation-2" title="§ 1.9 orientation member">§ 1.9 orientation member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-orientation-values" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: orientation values">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-orientation-values" aria-label="Permalink for definition: orientation values. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-orientation-values-1" title="§ 1.9 orientation member">§ 1.9 orientation member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-cannot-be-used-together" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: cannot be used together">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-cannot-be-used-together" aria-label="Permalink for definition: cannot be used together. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
      <li>Not referenced in this document.</li>
    </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-process-the-orientation-member" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process the orientation member">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-process-the-orientation-member" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process the orientation member. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-the-orientation-member-1" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-start_url" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: start_url">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-start_url" aria-label="Permalink for definition: start_url. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start_url-1" title="§ 1. Web Application Manifest">§ 1. Web Application Manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start_url-2" title="§ 1.1.5 Understanding &quot;scope&quot;">§ 1.1.5 Understanding "scope"</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start_url-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start_url-4" title="§ 1.10 start_url member">§ 1.10 start_url member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start_url-5" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start_url-6" title="§ 1.10.1 Privacy consideration: start_url tracking">§ 1.10.1 Privacy consideration: start_url tracking</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start_url-7" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start_url-8" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start_url-9" title="§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest">§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start_url-10" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start_url-11" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start_url-12" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-start-url" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: start URL">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-start-url" aria-label="Permalink for definition: start URL. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start-url-1" title="§ 1.6 scope member">§ 1.6 scope member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start-url-2" title="§ 1.10.1 Privacy consideration: start_url tracking">§ 1.10.1 Privacy consideration: start_url tracking</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start-url-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start-url-4" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start-url-5" title="§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest">§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start-url-6" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start-url-7" title="§ 4. Installable web applications">§ 4. Installable web applications</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start-url-8" title="§ 4.2 Launching a web application">§ 4.2 Launching a web application</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start-url-9" title="§ 4.3 Privacy and security considerations">§ 4.3 Privacy and security considerations</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-start-url-10" title="§ 7. Privacy and security considerations">§ 7. Privacy and security considerations</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-process-the-start_url-member" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process the start_url member">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-process-the-start_url-member" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process the start_url member. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-the-start_url-member-1" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-id" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: id">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-id" aria-label="Permalink for definition: id. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-id-1" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-id-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-id-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-identity" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: identity">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-identity" aria-label="Permalink for definition: identity. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-identity-1" title="§ 1. Web Application Manifest">§ 1. Web Application Manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-identity-2" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-identity-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-identity-4" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-identity-5" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-identity-6" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-identity-7" title="Reference 6">(6)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-process-the-id-member" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process the id member">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-process-the-id-member" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process the id member. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-the-id-member-1" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-the-id-member-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-the-id-member-3" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-theme_color" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: theme_color">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-theme_color" aria-label="Permalink for definition: theme_color. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-theme_color-1" title="§ 1. Web Application Manifest">§ 1. Web Application Manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-theme_color-2" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-theme_color-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-theme_color-4" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-default-theme-color" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: default theme color">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-default-theme-color" aria-label="Permalink for definition: default theme color. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-default-theme-color-1" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-default-theme-color-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-default-theme-color-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-theme-color" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: theme color">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-theme-color" aria-label="Permalink for definition: theme color. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-theme-color-1" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-theme-color-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-theme-color-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-background_color" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: background_color">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-background_color" aria-label="Permalink for definition: background_color. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-background_color-1" title="§ 1. Web Application Manifest">§ 1. Web Application Manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-background_color-2" title="§ 1.13 background_color member">§ 1.13 background_color member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-background_color-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-background_color-4" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-shortcuts" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: shortcuts">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-shortcuts" aria-label="Permalink for definition: shortcuts. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-shortcuts-1" title="§ 1. Web Application Manifest">§ 1. Web Application Manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-process-the-shortcuts-member" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process the shortcuts member">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-process-the-shortcuts-member" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process the shortcuts member. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-the-shortcuts-member-1" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-localizable-member" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: localizable member">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-localizable-member" aria-label="Permalink for definition: localizable member. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-1" title="§ 1.2 dir member">§ 1.2 dir member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-3" title="§ 1.3 lang member">§ 1.3 lang member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-4" title="§ 1.4 name member">§ 1.4 name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-5" title="§ 1.5 short_name member">§ 1.5 short_name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-6" title="§ 1.7 icons member">§ 1.7 icons member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-7" title="§ 1.15 *_localized members">§ 1.15 *_localized members</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-8" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-9" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-10" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-11" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-12" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-13" title="§ 3.1 name member">§ 3.1 name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-14" title="§ 3.2 short_name member">§ 3.2 short_name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-15" title="§ 3.3 description member">§ 3.3 description member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-16" title="§ 3.5 icons member">§ 3.5 icons member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localizable-member-17" title="§ G. Internationalization">§ G. Internationalization</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-_localized" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: *_localized">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-_localized" aria-label="Permalink for definition: *_localized. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-_localized-1" title="§ 1.15 *_localized members">§ 1.15 *_localized members</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-_localized-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-_localized-3" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-_localized-4" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-_localized-5" title="§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest">§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-_localized-6" title="§ 4.1 Application's name">§ 4.1 Application's name</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-language-map" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: language map">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-language-map" aria-label="Permalink for definition: language map. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-language-map-1" title="§ 1.15 *_localized members">§ 1.15 *_localized members</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-language-map-2" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-language-map-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-language-map-4" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-localized-value" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: localized value">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-localized-value" aria-label="Permalink for definition: localized value. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localized-value-1" title="§ 1.15 *_localized members">§ 1.15 *_localized members</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localized-value-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localized-value-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localized-value-4" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localized-value-5" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localized-value-6" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localized-value-7" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localized-value-8" title="§ G. Internationalization">§ G. Internationalization</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-default-representation" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: default representation">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-default-representation" aria-label="Permalink for definition: default representation. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-default-representation-1" title="§ 1.15 *_localized members">§ 1.15 *_localized members</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-localized-text-object" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: localized text object">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-localized-text-object" aria-label="Permalink for definition: localized text object. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localized-text-object-1" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localized-text-object-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localized-text-object-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localized-text-object-4" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localized-text-object-5" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localized-text-object-6" title="Reference 6">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-localized-text-object-7" title="Reference 7">(7)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-value" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: value">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-value" aria-label="Permalink for definition: value. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-value-1" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-dir-0" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: dir">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-dir-0" aria-label="Permalink for definition: dir. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-dir-0-1" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-dir-0-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-dir-0-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-lang-0" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: lang">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-lang-0" aria-label="Permalink for definition: lang. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-lang-0-1" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-lang-0-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process a *_localized text member">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process a *_localized text member. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member-1" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member-3" title="§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items">§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-text-member-5" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-process-a-localized-text-object" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process a localized text object">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-process-a-localized-text-object" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process a localized text object. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-localized-text-object-1" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-localized-text-object-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-image-resource-member" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process a *_localized image resource member">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-process-a-_localized-image-resource-member" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process a *_localized image resource member. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-image-resource-member-1" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-_localized-image-resource-member-2" title="§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items">§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-ignore" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: ignore">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-ignore" aria-label="Permalink for definition: ignore. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-ignore-1" title="§ 1.10 start_url member">§ 1.10 start_url member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-processing-extension-point" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: processing extension-point">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-processing-extension-point" aria-label="Permalink for definition: processing extension-point. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processing-extension-point-1" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processing-extension-point-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processing-extension-point-3" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processing-extension-point-4" title="§ B.1 Extensibility">§ B.1 Extensibility</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: processing a manifest">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-processing-a-manifest" aria-label="Permalink for definition: processing a manifest. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-1" title="§ 1.4 name member">§ 1.4 name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-2" title="§ 1.5 short_name member">§ 1.5 short_name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-3" title="§ 1.7 icons member">§ 1.7 icons member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-4" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-5" title="§ 1.13 background_color member">§ 1.13 background_color member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-6" title="§ 1.16 Manifest life-cycle">§ 1.16 Manifest life-cycle</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-7" title="§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document">§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-8" title="§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest">§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-9" title="§ A.2 Link relation type registration">§ A.2 Link relation type registration</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processing-a-manifest-10" title="§ B.1 Extensibility">§ B.1 Extensibility</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-processed-manifest" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: processed manifest">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-processed-manifest" aria-label="Permalink for definition: processed manifest. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-1" title="§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest">§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-2" title="§ 3.4 url member">§ 3.4 url member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-3" title="§ 4.2 Launching a web application">§ 4.2 Launching a web application</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-5" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-6" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-7" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-8" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-9" title="§ 5.2 Deep links">§ 5.2 Deep links</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-processed-manifest-10" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-process-a-color-member" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process a color member">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-process-a-color-member" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process a color member. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-color-member-1" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-color-member-2" title="§ 1.13 background_color member">§ 1.13 background_color member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-color-member-3" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-color-member-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-process-a-text-member" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process a text member">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-process-a-text-member" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process a text member. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-text-member-1" title="§ 1.4 name member">§ 1.4 name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-text-member-2" title="§ 1.5 short_name member">§ 1.5 short_name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-text-member-3" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-text-member-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-apply" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: applied">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-apply" aria-label="Permalink for definition: applied. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-apply-1" title="§ 1.1.5 Understanding &quot;scope&quot;">§ 1.1.5 Understanding "scope"</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-apply-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-apply-3" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-apply-4" title="§ 1.16 Manifest life-cycle">§ 1.16 Manifest life-cycle</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-apply-5" title="§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest">§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-apply-6" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-apply-7" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-apply-8" title="§ 4. Installable web applications">§ 4. Installable web applications</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-apply-9" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-apply-10" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-apply-11" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-apply-12" title="§ 4.2 Launching a web application">§ 4.2 Launching a web application</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-apply-13" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-apply-14" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-apply-15" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-application-context" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: application context">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-application-context" aria-label="Permalink for definition: application context. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-context-1" title="§ 1.6 scope member">§ 1.6 scope member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-context-2" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-context-3" title="§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest">§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-context-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-context-5" title="§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest">§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-context-6" title="§ 4.2 Launching a web application">§ 4.2 Launching a web application</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-context-7" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-context-8" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-context-9" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-context-10" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-context-11" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-context-12" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-context-13" title="§ 5.1 Security considerations">§ 5.1 Security considerations</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-context-14" title="§ 5.2 Deep links">§ 5.2 Deep links</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-context-15" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-security-sensitive-members" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: security-sensitive members">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-security-sensitive-members" aria-label="Permalink for definition: security-sensitive members. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-security-sensitive-members-1" title="§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest">§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-security-sensitive-members-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-security-sensitive-members-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-security-sensitive-members-4" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-security-sensitive-members-5" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-security-sensitive-members-6" title="Reference 6">(6)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-manifest-image-resource" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: manifest image resource">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-manifest-image-resource" aria-label="Permalink for definition: manifest image resource. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-image-resource-1" title="§ 2. Manifest image resources">§ 2. Manifest image resources</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-image-resource-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-image-resource-3" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-manifest-image-resource-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-purpose" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: purpose">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-purpose" aria-label="Permalink for definition: purpose. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-purpose-1" title="§ 2. Manifest image resources">§ 2. Manifest image resources</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-purpose-2" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-purpose-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-purpose-4" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-icon" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: icon">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-icon" aria-label="Permalink for definition: icon. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
      <li>Not referenced in this document.</li>
    </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-icon-purposes" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: icon purposes">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-icon-purposes" aria-label="Permalink for definition: icon purposes. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-icon-purposes-1" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-icon-purposes-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-monochrome" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: monochrome">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-monochrome" aria-label="Permalink for definition: monochrome. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-monochrome-1" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-monochrome-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-monochrome-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-monochrome-4" title="§ 2.4 Monochrome icons and solid fills">§ 2.4 Monochrome icons and solid fills</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-monochrome-5" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-monochrome-6" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-maskable" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: maskable">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-maskable" aria-label="Permalink for definition: maskable. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-maskable-1" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-maskable-2" title="§ 2.3 Icon masks and safe zone">§ 2.3 Icon masks and safe zone</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-maskable-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-maskable-4" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-any" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: any">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-any" aria-label="Permalink for definition: any. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-any-1" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-any-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-icon-purposes-list" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: icon purposes list">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-icon-purposes-list" aria-label="Permalink for definition: icon purposes list. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-icon-purposes-list-1" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-determine-the-purpose-of-an-image" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: determine the purpose of an image">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-determine-the-purpose-of-an-image" aria-label="Permalink for definition: determine the purpose of an image. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-determine-the-purpose-of-an-image-1" title="§ 2.5 Processing image resources">§ 2.5 Processing image resources</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-safe-zone" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: safe zone">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-safe-zone" aria-label="Permalink for definition: safe zone. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-safe-zone-1" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-safe-zone-2" title="§ 2.3 Icon masks and safe zone">§ 2.3 Icon masks and safe zone</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-safe-zone-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-safe-zone-4" title="§ 2.3.1 Examples of masks">§ 2.3.1 Examples of masks</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-solid-fill" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: solid fill">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-solid-fill" aria-label="Permalink for definition: solid fill. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
      <li>Not referenced in this document.</li>
    </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-process-image-resources" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process image resources">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-process-image-resources" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process image resources. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-image-resources-1" title="§ 1.7 icons member">§ 1.7 icons member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-image-resources-2" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-image-resources-3" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-image-resources-4" title="§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items">§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-shortcut-item" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: shortcut item">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-shortcut-item" aria-label="Permalink for definition: shortcut item. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-shortcut-item-1" title="§ 1.14 shortcuts member">§ 1.14 shortcuts member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-shortcut-item-2" title="§ 3.1 name member">§ 3.1 name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-shortcut-item-3" title="§ 3.2 short_name member">§ 3.2 short_name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-shortcut-item-4" title="§ 3.3 description member">§ 3.3 description member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-shortcut-item-5" title="§ 3.4 url member">§ 3.4 url member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-shortcut-item-6" title="§ 3.5 icons member">§ 3.5 icons member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-shortcut-item-7" title="§ 3.6 Launching a shortcut">§ 3.6 Launching a shortcut</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-name-0" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: name">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-name-0" aria-label="Permalink for definition: name. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-name-0-1" title="§ 3. Shortcut items">§ 3. Shortcut items</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-name-0-2" title="§ 3.1 name member">§ 3.1 name member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-short_name-0" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: short_name">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-short_name-0" aria-label="Permalink for definition: short_name. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-short_name-0-1" title="§ 3. Shortcut items">§ 3. Shortcut items</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-short_name-0-2" title="§ 3.2 short_name member">§ 3.2 short_name member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-description" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: description">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-description" aria-label="Permalink for definition: description. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-description-1" title="§ 3. Shortcut items">§ 3. Shortcut items</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-description-2" title="§ 3.3 description member">§ 3.3 description member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-url" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: url">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-url" aria-label="Permalink for definition: url. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-url-1" title="§ 3. Shortcut items">§ 3. Shortcut items</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-url-2" title="§ 7. Privacy and security considerations">§ 7. Privacy and security considerations</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-url-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-icons-0" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: icons">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-icons-0" aria-label="Permalink for definition: icons. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-icons-0-1" title="§ 3. Shortcut items">§ 3. Shortcut items</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-icons-0-2" title="§ 3.5 icons member">§ 3.5 icons member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-launching-a-shortcut" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: Launching a shortcut">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-launching-a-shortcut" aria-label="Permalink for definition: Launching a shortcut. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-launching-a-shortcut-1" title="§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest">§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-launching-a-shortcut-2" title="§ 3. Shortcut items">§ 3. Shortcut items</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-process-a-shortcut" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process a shortcut">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-process-a-shortcut" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process a shortcut. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-process-a-shortcut-1" title="§ 1.14 shortcuts member">§ 1.14 shortcuts member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-installed" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: install">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-installed" aria-label="Permalink for definition: install. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-1" title="§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest">§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-2" title="§ 4. Installable web applications">§ 4. Installable web applications</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-4" title="§ 4.2 Launching a web application">§ 4.2 Launching a web application</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-5" title="§ 4.3 Privacy and security considerations">§ 4.3 Privacy and security considerations</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-6" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-7" title="§ 5.2 Deep links">§ 5.2 Deep links</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-8" title="§ 7. Privacy and security considerations">§ 7. Privacy and security considerations</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-9" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-installed-web-application" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: installed web application">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-installed-web-application" aria-label="Permalink for definition: installed web application. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-web-application-1" title="§ 1.4 name member">§ 1.4 name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-web-application-2" title="§ 4.4 Uninstallation">§ 4.4 Uninstallation</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-web-application-3" title="§ 5.2 Deep links">§ 5.2 Deep links</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-web-application-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-web-application-5" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-web-application-6" title="§ 7. Privacy and security considerations">§ 7. Privacy and security considerations</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-installed-web-application-7" title="§ G. Internationalization">§ G. Internationalization</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-application-s-name" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: application's name">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-application-s-name" aria-label="Permalink for definition: application's name. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-s-name-1" title="§ 4.1 Application's name">§ 4.1 Application's name</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-launching-a-web-application" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: launch a web application">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-launching-a-web-application" aria-label="Permalink for definition: launch a web application. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-launching-a-web-application-1" title="§ 3.6 Launching a shortcut">§ 3.6 Launching a shortcut</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-launching-a-web-application-2" title="§ 4. Installable web applications">§ 4. Installable web applications</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-launching-a-web-application-3" title="§ 4.2 Launching a web application">§ 4.2 Launching a web application</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-launching-a-web-application-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-create-a-new-application-context" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: create a new application context">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-create-a-new-application-context" aria-label="Permalink for definition: create a new application context. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-create-a-new-application-context-1" title="§ 4.2 Launching a web application">§ 4.2 Launching a web application</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-create-a-new-application-context-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-navigation-scope" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: navigation scope of a manifest">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-navigation-scope" aria-label="Permalink for definition: navigation scope of a manifest. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-navigation-scope-1" title="§ 1.6 scope member">§ 1.6 scope member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-navigation-scope-2" title="§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest">§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-navigation-scope-3" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-navigation-scope-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-within-scope" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: within scope">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-within-scope" aria-label="Permalink for definition: within scope. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-1" title="§ 1.1.5 Understanding &quot;scope&quot;">§ 1.1.5 Understanding "scope"</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-4" title="§ 1.6 scope member">§ 1.6 scope member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-5" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-6" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-7" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-8" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-9" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-within-scope-0" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: within scope">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-within-scope-0" aria-label="Permalink for definition: within scope. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-0-1" title="§ 1.10.1 Privacy consideration: start_url tracking">§ 1.10.1 Privacy consideration: start_url tracking</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-0-2" title="§ 3.4 url member">§ 3.4 url member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-0-3" title="§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items">§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-0-4" title="§ 4.2 Launching a web application">§ 4.2 Launching a web application</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-0-5" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-0-6" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-within-scope-0-7" title="§ 5.2 Deep links">§ 5.2 Deep links</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-deep-link" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: deep link">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-deep-link" aria-label="Permalink for definition: deep link. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-deep-link-1" title="§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest">§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-deep-link-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-deep-link-3" title="§ 5.2 Deep links">§ 5.2 Deep links</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-deep-link-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-deep-link-5" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-display-mode" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: display mode">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-display-mode" aria-label="Permalink for definition: display mode. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-1" title="§ 1.8 display member">§ 1.8 display member</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-3" title="§ 1.9 orientation member">§ 1.9 orientation member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-4" title="§ 4. Installable web applications">§ 4. Installable web applications</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-5" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-6" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-7" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-8" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-9" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-10" title="Reference 6">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-11" title="Reference 7">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-12" title="Reference 8">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-13" title="Reference 9">(9)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-14" title="Reference 10">(10)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-15" title="Reference 11">(11)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-16" title="Reference 12">(12)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-17" title="Reference 13">(13)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-mode-18" title="§ 7. Privacy and security considerations">§ 7. Privacy and security considerations</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-fullscreen" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: fullscreen">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-fullscreen" aria-label="Permalink for definition: fullscreen. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-fullscreen-1" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-fullscreen-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-fullscreen-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-fullscreen-4" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-fullscreen-5" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-standalone" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: standalone">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-standalone" aria-label="Permalink for definition: standalone. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-standalone-1" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-standalone-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-standalone-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-standalone-4" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-minimal-ui" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: minimal-ui">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-minimal-ui" aria-label="Permalink for definition: minimal-ui. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-minimal-ui-1" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-minimal-ui-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-minimal-ui-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-minimal-ui-4" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-browser" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: browser">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-browser" aria-label="Permalink for definition: browser. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-browser-1" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-browser-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-browser-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-browser-4" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-browser-5" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-browser-6" title="Reference 6">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-browser-7" title="Reference 7">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-browser-8" title="Reference 8">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-browser-9" title="Reference 9">(9)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-browser-10" title="§ 7. Privacy and security considerations">§ 7. Privacy and security considerations</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-default-display-mode" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: default display mode">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-default-display-mode" aria-label="Permalink for definition: default display mode. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-default-display-mode-1" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-default-display-mode-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-fallback-chain" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: fallback chain">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-fallback-chain" aria-label="Permalink for definition: fallback chain. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-fallback-chain-1" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-fallback-chain-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-fallback-chain-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-steps-for-determining-the-web-app-s-chosen-display-mode" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: steps for determining the web app's chosen display mode">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-steps-for-determining-the-web-app-s-chosen-display-mode" aria-label="Permalink for definition: steps for determining the web app's chosen display mode. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
      <li>Not referenced in this document.</li>
    </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-display-modes-list" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: display modes list">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-display-modes-list" aria-label="Permalink for definition: display modes list. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-display-modes-list-1" title="§ 1.8 display member">§ 1.8 display member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-application-manifest-json" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: application/manifest+json">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-application-manifest-json" aria-label="Permalink for definition: application/manifest+json. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-manifest-json-1" title="§ 1.1.2 Using a link element to link to a manifest">§ 1.1.2 Using a link element to link to a manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-manifest-json-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-dfn-application-manifest-media-type" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: application manifest media type">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="#dfn-application-manifest-media-type" aria-label="Permalink for definition: application manifest media type. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
        <span class="marker dfn-exported" title="Definition can be referenced by other specifications">exported</span> 
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-manifest-media-type-1" title="§ 1.1.2 Using a link element to link to a manifest">§ 1.1.2 Using a link element to link to a manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-dfn-application-manifest-media-type-2" title="§ A.1 Media type registration">§ A.1 Media type registration</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-accessible-name" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: accessible name">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/#dfn-accessible-name" aria-label="Permalink for definition: accessible name. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-accessible-name-1" title="§ 1.4 name member">§ 1.4 name member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-alpha-component" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: alpha component">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/#alpha-channel" aria-label="Permalink for definition: alpha component. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-alpha-component-1" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-srgb" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: sRGB">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/#sRGB-space" aria-label="Permalink for definition: sRGB. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-srgb-1" title="§ 1.16.2 Processing color members">§ 1.16.2 Processing color members</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-srgb-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-srgb-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-srgb-4" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-srgb-5" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-srgb-6" title="Reference 6">(6)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-parsing-for-css" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: parsing (for CSS)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#css-parse-something-according-to-a-css-grammar" aria-label="Permalink for definition: parsing (for CSS). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-parsing-for-css-1" title="§ 1.16.2 Processing color members">§ 1.16.2 Processing color members</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-document" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: document">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document" aria-label="Permalink for definition: document. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-document-1" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-document-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-document-3" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-document-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-document-5" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-document-6" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-document-7" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-document-8" title="§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document">§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-document-9" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-document-interface" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: Document interface">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#document" aria-label="Permalink for definition: Document interface. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-document-interface-1" title="§ 2.2 Content security policy">§ 2.2 Content security policy</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-document-interface-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-document-interface-3" title="§ 4.1 Application's name">§ 4.1 Application's name</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-url-for-document" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: URL (for Document)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-document-url" aria-label="Permalink for definition: URL (for Document). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-for-document-1" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-for-document-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-for-document-3" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-for-document-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-for-document-5" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-canonicalizeunicodelocaleid" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: CanonicalizeUnicodeLocaleId">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://tc39.es/ecma402/#sec-canonicalizeunicodelocaleid" aria-label="Permalink for definition: CanonicalizeUnicodeLocaleId. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-canonicalizeunicodelocaleid-1" title="§ 1.3 lang member">§ 1.3 lang member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: IsStructurallyValidLanguageTag">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://tc39.es/ecma402/#sec-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag" aria-label="Permalink for definition: IsStructurallyValidLanguageTag. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag-1" title="§ 1.3 lang member">§ 1.3 lang member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag-2" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-isstructurallyvalidlanguagetag-4" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-cors-protocol" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: CORS protocol">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#cors-protocol" aria-label="Permalink for definition: CORS protocol. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-cors-protocol-1" title="§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document">§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-cors-request" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: CORS Request">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#cors-request" aria-label="Permalink for definition: CORS Request. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-cors-request-1" title="§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document">§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-credentials-mode-for-request" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: credentials mode (for request)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-request-credentials-mode" aria-label="Permalink for definition: credentials mode (for request). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-credentials-mode-for-request-1" title="§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document">§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-fetch" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: fetch">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-fetch" aria-label="Permalink for definition: fetch. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-fetch-1" title="§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document">§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-fetch-2" title="§ A.2 Link relation type registration">§ A.2 Link relation type registration</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-origin" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: Origin">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#http-origin" aria-label="Permalink for definition: Origin. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-origin-1" title="§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document">§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-active-browsing-context" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: active browsing context">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#nav-bc" aria-label="Permalink for definition: active browsing context. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-active-browsing-context-1" title="§ 4.2 Launching a web application">§ 4.2 Launching a web application</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-active-document-for-navigable" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: active document (for navigable)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#nav-document" aria-label="Permalink for definition: active document (for navigable). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-active-document-for-navigable-1" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-browsing-contexts" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: browsing contexts">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#browsing-context" aria-label="Permalink for definition: browsing contexts. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-browsing-contexts-1" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-cors-settings-attribute-credentials-mode" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: CORS settings attribute credentials mode">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/urls-and-fetching.html#cors-settings-attribute-credentials-mode" aria-label="Permalink for definition: CORS settings attribute credentials mode. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-cors-settings-attribute-credentials-mode-1" title="§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document">§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-create-a-fresh-top-level-traversable" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: create a fresh top-level traversable">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#create-a-fresh-top-level-traversable" aria-label="Permalink for definition: create a fresh top-level traversable. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-create-a-fresh-top-level-traversable-1" title="§ 4.2 Launching a web application">§ 4.2 Launching a web application</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-crossorigin-attribute-for-link-element" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: crossorigin attribute (for link element)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#attr-link-crossorigin" aria-label="Permalink for definition: crossorigin attribute (for link element). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-crossorigin-attribute-for-link-element-1" title="§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document">§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-href-attribute-for-link-element" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: href attribute (for link element)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#attr-link-href" aria-label="Permalink for definition: href attribute (for link element). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-href-attribute-for-link-element-1" title="§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document">§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-link-element" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: link element">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#the-link-element" aria-label="Permalink for definition: link element. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-link-element-1" title="§ 1.1.2 Using a link element to link to a manifest">§ 1.1.2 Using a link element to link to a manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-link-element-2" title="§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document">§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-link-element-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-meta-element" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: meta element">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#meta" aria-label="Permalink for definition: meta element. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-meta-element-1" title="§ 1.1.2 Using a link element to link to a manifest">§ 1.1.2 Using a link element to link to a manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-meta-element-2" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-meta-element-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-name-attribute-for-meta-element" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: name attribute (for meta element)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#attr-meta-name" aria-label="Permalink for definition: name attribute (for meta element). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-name-attribute-for-meta-element-1" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-name-attribute-for-meta-element-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-navigated" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: navigated">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsing-the-web.html#navigate" aria-label="Permalink for definition: navigated. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-navigated-1" title="§ 1.9 orientation member">§ 1.9 orientation member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-navigated-2" title="§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest">§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-navigated-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-navigated-4" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-navigated-5" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-navigated-6" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-navigated-7" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-navigated-8" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-origin-0" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: origin">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#concept-origin" aria-label="Permalink for definition: origin. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-origin-0-1" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-origin-0-2" title="§ 5.1 Security considerations">§ 5.1 Security considerations</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-origin-0-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-post-resource" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: POST resource">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsing-the-web.html#post-resource" aria-label="Permalink for definition: POST resource. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-post-resource-1" title="§ 4.2 Launching a web application">§ 4.2 Launching a web application</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-post-resource-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-rel-attribute-for-link-element" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: rel attribute (for link element)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#attr-link-rel" aria-label="Permalink for definition: rel attribute (for link element). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-rel-attribute-for-link-element-1" title="§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document">§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-same-origin" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: same origin">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#same-origin" aria-label="Permalink for definition: same origin. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-same-origin-1" title="§ 1.10 start_url member">§ 1.10 start_url member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-same-origin-2" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-same-origin-3" title="§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document">§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-same-origin-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-same-origin-5" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-theme-color-for-meta-name" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: theme-color (for meta/name)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#meta-theme-color" aria-label="Permalink for definition: theme-color (for meta/name). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-theme-color-for-meta-name-1" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: top-level browsing context">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#top-level-browsing-context" aria-label="Permalink for definition: top-level browsing context. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-1" title="§ 1.1.4 Creating shortcuts">§ 1.1.4 Creating shortcuts</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-3" title="§ 1.9 orientation member">§ 1.9 orientation member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-5" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-6" title="§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest">§ 1.16.5 Applying the manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-7" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-8" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-9" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-10" title="§ 4. Installable web applications">§ 4. Installable web applications</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-11" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-12" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-13" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-14" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-top-level-browsing-context-15" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: unordered set of unique space-separated tokens">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/common-microsyntaxes.html#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens" aria-label="Permalink for definition: unordered set of unique space-separated tokens. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens-1" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-locale" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: locale">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-glossary/#dfn-locale" aria-label="Permalink for definition: locale. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-locale-1" title="§ G. Internationalization">§ G. Internationalization</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-image-resources" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: image resources">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/image-resource/#dfn-image-resource" aria-label="Permalink for definition: image resources. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-image-resources-1" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-image-resources-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-image-resources-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-image-resources-4" title="§ 2. Manifest image resources">§ 2. Manifest image resources</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-image-resources-5" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-process-an-image-resource-from-json" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: process an image resource from JSON">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/image-resource/#dfn-process-an-image-resource-from-json" aria-label="Permalink for definition: process an image resource from JSON. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-process-an-image-resource-from-json-1" title="§ 2.5 Processing image resources">§ 2.5 Processing image resources</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-append-for-set" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: append (for set)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#set-append" aria-label="Permalink for definition: append (for set). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-append-for-set-1" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-append-for-list" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: Append (for list)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-append" aria-label="Permalink for definition: Append (for list). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-append-for-list-1" title="§ 1.14 shortcuts member">§ 1.14 shortcuts member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-append-for-list-2" title="§ 2.5 Processing image resources">§ 2.5 Processing image resources</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-ascii-lowercase" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: ASCII lowercase">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ascii-lowercase" aria-label="Permalink for definition: ASCII lowercase. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ascii-lowercase-1" title="§ 1.2 dir member">§ 1.2 dir member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ascii-lowercase-2" title="§ 1.8 display member">§ 1.8 display member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ascii-lowercase-3" title="§ 1.9 orientation member">§ 1.9 orientation member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-boolean-type" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: boolean type">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#boolean" aria-label="Permalink for definition: boolean type. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-boolean-type-1" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-byte-sequence" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: byte sequence">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#byte-sequence" aria-label="Permalink for definition: byte sequence. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-byte-sequence-1" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-concatenation-for-string" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: concatenation (for string)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string-concatenate" aria-label="Permalink for definition: concatenation (for string). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-concatenation-for-string-1" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-concatenation-for-string-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-contain-for-list" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: contain (for list)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-contain" aria-label="Permalink for definition: contain (for list). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-contain-for-list-1" title="§ 1.2 dir member">§ 1.2 dir member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-contain-for-list-2" title="§ 1.8 display member">§ 1.8 display member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-contain-for-list-3" title="§ 1.9 orientation member">§ 1.9 orientation member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-contain-for-list-4" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-contain-for-list-5" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-continue-for-iteration" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: continue (for iteration)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#iteration-continue" aria-label="Permalink for definition: continue (for iteration). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-continue-for-iteration-1" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-continue-for-iteration-2" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-continue-for-iteration-3" title="§ 2.5 Processing image resources">§ 2.5 Processing image resources</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-continue-for-iteration-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-exist-for-map" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: exist (for map)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-exists" aria-label="Permalink for definition: exist (for map). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-1" title="§ 1.2 dir member">§ 1.2 dir member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-2" title="§ 1.3 lang member">§ 1.3 lang member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-3" title="§ 1.8 display member">§ 1.8 display member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-4" title="§ 1.9 orientation member">§ 1.9 orientation member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-5" title="§ 1.10 start_url member">§ 1.10 start_url member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-6" title="§ 1.14 shortcuts member">§ 1.14 shortcuts member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-7" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-8" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-9" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-10" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-11" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-12" title="Reference 6">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-13" title="Reference 7">(7)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-14" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-15" title="§ 1.16.2 Processing color members">§ 1.16.2 Processing color members</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-16" title="§ 1.16.3 Processing text members">§ 1.16.3 Processing text members</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-17" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-18" title="§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items">§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-19" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-20" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exist-for-map-21" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-for-each-for-list" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: For each (for list)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-iterate" aria-label="Permalink for definition: For each (for list). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-for-each-for-list-1" title="§ 1.14 shortcuts member">§ 1.14 shortcuts member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-for-each-for-list-2" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-for-each-for-list-3" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-for-each-for-list-4" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-for-each-for-list-5" title="§ 2.5 Processing image resources">§ 2.5 Processing image resources</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-for-each-for-list-6" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-is-empty-for-list" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: is empty (for list)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-is-empty" aria-label="Permalink for definition: is empty (for list). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-is-empty-for-list-1" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-keys-for-map" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: keys (for map)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-getting-the-keys" aria-label="Permalink for definition: keys (for map). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-keys-for-map-1" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-keys-for-map-2" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-list" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: list">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" aria-label="Permalink for definition: list. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-list-1" title="§ 1.2 dir member">§ 1.2 dir member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-list-2" title="§ 1.14 shortcuts member">§ 1.14 shortcuts member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-list-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-list-4" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-list-5" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-list-6" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-list-7" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-list-8" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-list-9" title="§ 2.5 Processing image resources">§ 2.5 Processing image resources</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-list-10" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-list-11" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-list-12" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-ordered-map" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: ordered map">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" aria-label="Permalink for definition: ordered map. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-1" title="§ 1.2 dir member">§ 1.2 dir member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-3" title="§ 1.3 lang member">§ 1.3 lang member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-5" title="§ 1.6 scope member">§ 1.6 scope member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-6" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-7" title="§ 1.8 display member">§ 1.8 display member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-8" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-9" title="§ 1.9 orientation member">§ 1.9 orientation member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-10" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-11" title="§ 1.10 start_url member">§ 1.10 start_url member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-12" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-13" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-14" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-15" title="§ 1.14 shortcuts member">§ 1.14 shortcuts member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-16" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-17" title="§ 1.15 *_localized members">§ 1.15 *_localized members</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-18" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-19" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-20" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-21" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-22" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-23" title="Reference 6">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-24" title="Reference 7">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-25" title="Reference 8">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-26" title="Reference 9">(9)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-27" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-28" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-29" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-30" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-31" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-32" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-33" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-34" title="§ 1.16.2 Processing color members">§ 1.16.2 Processing color members</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-35" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-36" title="§ 1.16.3 Processing text members">§ 1.16.3 Processing text members</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-37" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-38" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-39" title="§ 2.5 Processing image resources">§ 2.5 Processing image resources</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-40" title="§ 3. Shortcut items">§ 3. Shortcut items</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-41" title="§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items">§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-ordered-map-42" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-parse-json-bytes-to-an-infra-value" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: parse JSON bytes to an Infra value">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#parse-json-bytes-to-an-infra-value" aria-label="Permalink for definition: parse JSON bytes to an Infra value. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-parse-json-bytes-to-an-infra-value-1" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-set" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: set">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-set" aria-label="Permalink for definition: set. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-set-1" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-set-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-set-for-map" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: Set (for map)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#map-set" aria-label="Permalink for definition: Set (for map). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-1" title="§ 1.3 lang member">§ 1.3 lang member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-2" title="§ 1.14 shortcuts member">§ 1.14 shortcuts member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-3" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-5" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-6" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-7" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-8" title="Reference 6">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-9" title="Reference 7">(7)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-10" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-11" title="§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items">§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-set-for-map-12" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-split-on-ascii-whitespace" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: split on ASCII whitespace">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#split-on-ascii-whitespace" aria-label="Permalink for definition: split on ASCII whitespace. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-split-on-ascii-whitespace-1" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-string" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: string">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#string" aria-label="Permalink for definition: string. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-1" title="§ 1.2 dir member">§ 1.2 dir member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-2" title="§ 1.3 lang member">§ 1.3 lang member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-4" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-5" title="§ 1.4 name member">§ 1.4 name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-6" title="§ 1.5 short_name member">§ 1.5 short_name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-7" title="§ 1.6 scope member">§ 1.6 scope member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-8" title="§ 1.8 display member">§ 1.8 display member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-9" title="§ 1.9 orientation member">§ 1.9 orientation member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-10" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-11" title="§ 1.10 start_url member">§ 1.10 start_url member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-12" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-13" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-14" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-15" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-16" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-17" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-18" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-19" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-20" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-21" title="Reference 6">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-22" title="Reference 7">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-23" title="Reference 8">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-24" title="Reference 9">(9)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-25" title="Reference 10">(10)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-26" title="Reference 11">(11)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-27" title="Reference 12">(12)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-28" title="Reference 13">(13)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-29" title="Reference 14">(14)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-30" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-31" title="§ 1.16.2 Processing color members">§ 1.16.2 Processing color members</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-32" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-33" title="§ 1.16.3 Processing text members">§ 1.16.3 Processing text members</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-34" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-35" title="§ 2.1 purpose member">§ 2.1 purpose member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-36" title="§ 2.5 Processing image resources">§ 2.5 Processing image resources</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-37" title="§ 3.1 name member">§ 3.1 name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-38" title="§ 3.2 short_name member">§ 3.2 short_name member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-39" title="§ 3.3 description member">§ 3.3 description member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-40" title="§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items">§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-41" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-string-42" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: Strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace" aria-label="Permalink for definition: Strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-1" title="§ 1.2 dir member">§ 1.2 dir member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-2" title="§ 1.3 lang member">§ 1.3 lang member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-3" title="§ 1.8 display member">§ 1.8 display member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-4" title="§ 1.9 orientation member">§ 1.9 orientation member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-5" title="§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values">§ 1.15.1 Localizing text values</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-6" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-7" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-8" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-9" title="§ 1.16.2 Processing color members">§ 1.16.2 Processing color members</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace-10" title="§ 1.16.3 Processing text members">§ 1.16.3 Processing text members</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-user-agent" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: user agent">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#user-agent" aria-label="Permalink for definition: user agent. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-user-agent-1" title="§ 1.13 background_color member">§ 1.13 background_color member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-user-agent-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-user-agent-3" title="§ 2.2 Content security policy">§ 2.2 Content security policy</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-user-agent-4" title="§ B. Conformance">§ B. Conformance</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-display-mode-for-media" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: display-mode (for @media)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-5/#descdef-media-display-mode" aria-label="Permalink for definition: display-mode (for @media). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-display-mode-for-media-1" title="§ 6. Display modes">§ 6. Display modes</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-display-mode-for-media-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-display-mode-for-media-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-prefers-color-scheme-for-media" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: prefers-color-scheme (for @media)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-5/#descdef-media-prefers-color-scheme" aria-label="Permalink for definition: prefers-color-scheme (for @media). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-prefers-color-scheme-for-media-1" title="§ 1.12 theme_color member">§ 1.12 theme_color member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-prefers-color-scheme-for-media-2" title="§ 1.13 background_color member">§ 1.13 background_color member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-computed-mime-type" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: computed mime type">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#computed-mime-type" aria-label="Permalink for definition: computed mime type. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-computed-mime-type-1" title="§ 1.1.3 Declaring multiple icons">§ 1.1.3 Declaring multiple icons</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-json-mime-type" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: JSON MIME type">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#json-mime-type" aria-label="Permalink for definition: JSON MIME type. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-json-mime-type-1" title="§ 1.1.2 Using a link element to link to a manifest">§ 1.1.2 Using a link element to link to a manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-mime-type" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: MIME type">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#mime-type" aria-label="Permalink for definition: MIME type. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-mime-type-1" title="§ 1.1.2 Using a link element to link to a manifest">§ 1.1.2 Using a link element to link to a manifest</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-mime-type-2" title="§ 1.1.3 Declaring multiple icons">§ 1.1.3 Declaring multiple icons</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-express-permission" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: express permission">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/permissions/#dfn-express-permission" aria-label="Permalink for definition: express permission. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-express-permission-1" title="§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest">§ 1.16.6 Updating the manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-default-screen-orientation" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: default screen orientation">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/screen-orientation/#dfn-default-screen-orientation" aria-label="Permalink for definition: default screen orientation. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-default-screen-orientation-1" title="§ 1.9 orientation member">§ 1.9 orientation member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-default-screen-orientation-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-default-screen-orientation-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-default-screen-orientation-4" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-default-screen-orientation-5" title="Reference 5">(5)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-orientationlocktype-enum" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: OrientationLockType enum">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/screen-orientation/#dom-orientationlocktype" aria-label="Permalink for definition: OrientationLockType enum. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-orientationlocktype-enum-1" title="§ 1.9 orientation member">§ 1.9 orientation member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-orientationlocktype-enum-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-service-workers" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: Service Workers">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/service-workers/#scope-match-algorithm" aria-label="Permalink for definition: Service Workers. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-service-workers-1" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-equal-for-url" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: equal (for url)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-equals" aria-label="Permalink for definition: equal (for url). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-equal-for-url-1" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-equal-for-url-2" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-exclude-fragments-for-url-equals" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: exclude fragments (for url/equals)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-equals-exclude-fragments" aria-label="Permalink for definition: exclude fragments (for url/equals). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exclude-fragments-for-url-equals-1" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exclude-fragments-for-url-equals-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exclude-fragments-for-url-equals-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-exclude-fragments-for-url-equals-4" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-fragment-for-url" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: fragment (for url)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-fragment" aria-label="Permalink for definition: fragment (for url). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-fragment-for-url-1" title="§ 1.6 scope member">§ 1.6 scope member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-fragment-for-url-2" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-fragment-for-url-3" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-fragment-for-url-4" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-fragment-for-url-5" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-origin-for-url" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: origin (for url)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-origin" aria-label="Permalink for definition: origin (for url). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-origin-for-url-1" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-origin-for-url-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-origin-for-url-3" title="§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document">§ 1.16.4 Processing the manifest without a document</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-path-for-url" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: path (for url)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-path" aria-label="Permalink for definition: path (for url). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-path-for-url-1" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-path-for-url-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-query-for-url" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: query (for url)">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-query" aria-label="Permalink for definition: query (for url). Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-query-for-url-1" title="§ 1.6 scope member">§ 1.6 scope member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-url" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: URL">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url" aria-label="Permalink for definition: URL. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-1" title="§ 1.10 start_url member">§ 1.10 start_url member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-3" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-4" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-5" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-6" title="§ 1.14 shortcuts member">§ 1.14 shortcuts member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-7" title="§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources">§ 1.15.2 Localizing image resources</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-8" title="§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest">§ 1.16.1 Processing the manifest</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-9" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-10" title="§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items">§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-11" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-12" title="§ 4.2 Launching a web application">§ 4.2 Launching a web application</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-13" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-14" title="§ 5. Navigation scope">§ 5. Navigation scope</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-15" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-16" title="Reference 3">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-17" title="Reference 4">(4)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-18" title="§ 5.1 Security considerations">§ 5.1 Security considerations</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-url-parser" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: URL Parser">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-parser" aria-label="Permalink for definition: URL Parser. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-parser-1" title="§ 1.6 scope member">§ 1.6 scope member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-parser-2" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-parser-3" title="§ 1.10 start_url member">§ 1.10 start_url member</a> <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-parser-4" title="Reference 2">(2)</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-parser-5" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> 
    </li><li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-url-parser-6" title="§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items">§ 3.7 Processing shortcut items</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><div class="dfn-panel" hidden="" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" id="dfn-panel-for-index-term-identifier" aria-label="Links in this document to definition: identifier">
      <span class="caret"></span>
      <div>
        <a class="self-link" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#dfn-identifier" aria-label="Permalink for definition: identifier. Activate to close this dialog.">Permalink</a>
         
      </div>
      <p><b>Referenced in:</b></p>
      <ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#ref-for-index-term-identifier-1" title="§ 1.11 id member">§ 1.11 id member</a> 
    </li>
  </ul>
    </div><script id="respec-dfn-panel">(() => {
// @ts-check
if (document.respec) {
  document.respec.ready.then(setupPanel);
} else {
  setupPanel();
}

function setupPanel() {
  const listener = panelListener();
  document.body.addEventListener("keydown", listener);
  document.body.addEventListener("click", listener);
}

function panelListener() {
  /** @type {HTMLElement} */
  let panel = null;
  return event => {
    const { target, type } = event;

    if (!(target instanceof HTMLElement)) return;

    // For keys, we only care about Enter key to activate the panel
    // otherwise it's activated via a click.
    if (type === "keydown" && event.key !== "Enter") return;

    const action = deriveAction(event);

    switch (action) {
      case "show": {
        hidePanel(panel);
        /** @type {HTMLElement} */
        const dfn = target.closest("dfn, .index-term");
        panel = document.getElementById(`dfn-panel-for-${dfn.id}`);
        const coords = deriveCoordinates(event);
        displayPanel(dfn, panel, coords);
        break;
      }
      case "dock": {
        panel.style.left = null;
        panel.style.top = null;
        panel.classList.add("docked");
        break;
      }
      case "hide": {
        hidePanel(panel);
        panel = null;
        break;
      }
    }
  };
}

/**
 * @param {MouseEvent|KeyboardEvent} event
 */
function deriveCoordinates(event) {
  const target = /** @type HTMLElement */ (event.target);

  // We prevent synthetic AT clicks from putting
  // the dialog in a weird place. The AT events sometimes
  // lack coordinates, so they have clientX/Y = 0
  const rect = target.getBoundingClientRect();
  if (
    event instanceof MouseEvent &&
    event.clientX >= rect.left &&
    event.clientY >= rect.top
  ) {
    // The event probably happened inside the bounding rect...
    return { x: event.clientX, y: event.clientY };
  }

  // Offset to the middle of the element
  const x = rect.x + rect.width / 2;
  // Placed at the bottom of the element
  const y = rect.y + rect.height;
  return { x, y };
}

/**
 * @param {Event} event
 */
function deriveAction(event) {
  const target = /** @type {HTMLElement} */ (event.target);
  const hitALink = !!target.closest("a");
  if (target.closest("dfn:not([data-cite]), .index-term")) {
    return hitALink ? "none" : "show";
  }
  if (target.closest(".dfn-panel")) {
    if (hitALink) {
      return target.classList.contains("self-link") ? "hide" : "dock";
    }
    const panel = target.closest(".dfn-panel");
    return panel.classList.contains("docked") ? "hide" : "none";
  }
  if (document.querySelector(".dfn-panel:not([hidden])")) {
    return "hide";
  }
  return "none";
}

/**
 * @param {HTMLElement} dfn
 * @param {HTMLElement} panel
 * @param {{ x: number, y: number }} clickPosition
 */
function displayPanel(dfn, panel, { x, y }) {
  panel.hidden = false;
  // distance (px) between edge of panel and the pointing triangle (caret)
  const MARGIN = 20;

  const dfnRects = dfn.getClientRects();
  // Find the `top` offset when the `dfn` can be spread across multiple lines
  let closestTop = 0;
  let minDiff = Infinity;
  for (const rect of dfnRects) {
    const { top, bottom } = rect;
    const diffFromClickY = Math.abs((top + bottom) / 2 - y);
    if (diffFromClickY < minDiff) {
      minDiff = diffFromClickY;
      closestTop = top;
    }
  }

  const top = window.scrollY + closestTop + dfnRects[0].height;
  const left = x - MARGIN;
  panel.style.left = `${left}px`;
  panel.style.top = `${top}px`;

  // Find if the panel is flowing out of the window
  const panelRect = panel.getBoundingClientRect();
  const SCREEN_WIDTH = Math.min(window.innerWidth, window.screen.width);
  if (panelRect.right > SCREEN_WIDTH) {
    const newLeft = Math.max(MARGIN, x + MARGIN - panelRect.width);
    const newCaretOffset = left - newLeft;
    panel.style.left = `${newLeft}px`;
    /** @type {HTMLElement} */
    const caret = panel.querySelector(".caret");
    caret.style.left = `${newCaretOffset}px`;
  }

  // As it's a dialog, we trap focus.
  // TODO: when <dialog> becomes a implemented, we should really
  // use that.
  trapFocus(panel, dfn);
}

/**
 * @param {HTMLElement} panel
 * @param {HTMLElement} dfn
 * @returns
 */
function trapFocus(panel, dfn) {
  /** @type NodeListOf<HTMLAnchorElement> elements */
  const anchors = panel.querySelectorAll("a[href]");
  // No need to trap focus
  if (!anchors.length) return;

  // Move focus to first anchor element
  const first = anchors.item(0);
  first.focus();

  const trapListener = createTrapListener(anchors, panel, dfn);
  panel.addEventListener("keydown", trapListener);

  // Hiding the panel releases the trap
  const mo = new MutationObserver(records => {
    const [record] = records;
    const target = /** @type HTMLElement */ (record.target);
    if (target.hidden) {
      panel.removeEventListener("keydown", trapListener);
      mo.disconnect();
    }
  });
  mo.observe(panel, { attributes: true, attributeFilter: ["hidden"] });
}

/**
 *
 * @param {NodeListOf<HTMLAnchorElement>} anchors
 * @param {HTMLElement} panel
 * @param {HTMLElement} dfn
 * @returns
 */
function createTrapListener(anchors, panel, dfn) {
  const lastIndex = anchors.length - 1;
  let currentIndex = 0;
  return event => {
    switch (event.key) {
      // Hitting "Tab" traps us in a nice loop around elements.
      case "Tab": {
        event.preventDefault();
        currentIndex += event.shiftKey ? -1 : +1;
        if (currentIndex < 0) {
          currentIndex = lastIndex;
        } else if (currentIndex > lastIndex) {
          currentIndex = 0;
        }
        anchors.item(currentIndex).focus();
        break;
      }

      // Hitting "Enter" on an anchor releases the trap.
      case "Enter":
        hidePanel(panel);
        break;

      // Hitting "Escape" returns focus to dfn.
      case "Escape":
        hidePanel(panel);
        dfn.focus();
        return;
    }
  };
}

/** @param {HTMLElement} panel */
function hidePanel(panel) {
  if (!panel) return;
  panel.hidden = true;
  panel.classList.remove("docked");
}
})()</script><script src="https://www.w3.org/scripts/TR/2021/fixup.js"></script></body></html>