Zero-diff part of "Use SSA-based ComputeRange"

[EgorBo]

Extracted from #112824 for simpler code review

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[EgorBo]

@jakobbotsch @AndyAyersMS @dotnet/jit-contrib PTAL, zero-diff change. Just preparations for using RangeCheck in assertprop (in #112824):

1. Hid all maps under lazy-init getters (these maps are cleaned on every GetRange call, so the state is not shareable between phases).
2. RangeCheck becomes a singleton instance - this helps to reduce TP impact and allocations when it's called from Assertprop
3. Removed verbose SSA validation - it's quite ad-hoc and messy, also, it's an additional state that I had to reset between phases. RangeCheck used to be the last phase to use SSA, but it's not the case today so if we need it, we have to come up with some generic SSA validation and use it everywhere.
4. Propagated block into various optAssertionProp_* that I'll need.

CI failures are unrelated.

[AndyAyersMS]

I guess we're trying to economize by keeping the collection backbones around once we've allocated them.

Could we make it clearer which parts of the range check state are durable and which parts are not? Eg split out the more transient parts into a caller-supplied struct or something?

Or make it harder to accidentally call into the wrong part of range check?

[EgorBo]

@AndyAyersMS I have reworked everything and made all members in Rangecheck private except these three:

// Entry point for RangeCheck phase
bool OptimizeRangeChecks();

// GetRange for an arbitrary tree. Slow, is based on SSA.
// (perhaps, can be reworked someday to be purely VN-based)
// Resets all caches on entry.
bool TryGetRange(BasicBlock* block, GenTree* expr, Range* pRange);

// Cheaper version of TryGetRange that is based only on incoming assertions.
// Does not need any internal state - hence, static
static bool TryGetRangeFromAssertions(Compiler* comp, ValueNum num, ASSERT_VALARG_TP assertions, Range* pRange);

Also, addressed your feedback around clearing caches when we haven't created them yet by introducing Clear<map name>() methods.

DoesOverflow is merged into TryGetRange