Address Go 1.24 govet errors

[ivanvc]

With Go v1.24.0 being more strict on the errors usage, it raises some issues in the current codebase.

% (cd client/v3 && 'go' 'vet' './...')
stderr: # go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3
stderr: # [go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3]
stderr: ./retry_interceptor.go:354:48: non-constant format string in call to google.golang.org/grpc/status.Errorf
stderr: ./retry_interceptor.go:356:40: non-constant format string in call to google.golang.org/grpc/status.Errorf
stderr: ./retry_interceptor.go:358:39: non-constant format string in call to google.golang.org/grpc/status.Errorf

% (cd tests && 'go' 'vet' './...')
stderr: # go.etcd.io/etcd/tests/v3/integration
stderr: # [go.etcd.io/etcd/tests/v3/integration]
stderr: integration/v3_lease_test.go:1034:24: non-constant format string in call to fmt.Errorf
FAIL: (code:1):
  % (cd tests && 'go' 'vet' './...')

FAIL: 'run go vet ./...' checking failed (!=0 return code)
There was a Failure in module tests, aborting...
FAIL: 'govet' FAILED at Tue Feb 25 05:04:55 PM PST 2025

Ultimately, addressing these issues shouldn't have any impact on Go 1.23.

Part of #19417 / #19440

Please read https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#contribution-flow.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 66.66667% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 68.91%. Comparing base (47e764f) to head (16b1460).
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
client/v3/retry_interceptor.go	66.66%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
client/v3/retry_interceptor.go	65.61% <66.66%> (+0.90%)	⬆️

... and 24 files with indirect coverage changes

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #19486      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   68.95%   68.91%   -0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         420      420              
  Lines       35762    35762              
==========================================
- Hits        24658    24647      -11     
- Misses       9677     9689      +12     
+ Partials     1427     1426       -1     

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