Optimize for the `minimal` flavor

As of git-for-windows/git-sdk-64#87, the
`minimal` flavor is published as an asset of a rolling GitHub Release.

This strikes a much better balance between generating and using the
artifact; Now, it is generated exactly once when an update is available,
and none of the users have to regenerate it.

The consequence is that no longer does `setup-git-for-windows-sdk` take
over a minute (uncached) to initialize the minimal Git for Windows SDK
(and only subsequent, cached calls would get to the desirable 2-5 second
range). Instead, the minimal Git for Windows SDK now consistently takes
2-5 seconds to initialize, no caching needed.

Better support for `architecture: aarch64`

This release improves support for running on hosted windows-arm64
runners where Git for Windows needs to be installed as part of the
workflow.

Lots of dependency updates & more stringent ci-artifacts query

This version brings tons and tons of updated dependencies, and is a bit
preciser when looking for the latest successful `ci-artifacts` run lest
it finds an accidentally-pushed topic branch that is not `main`.

Really work around broken builds with GCC v14.1

A recent MSYS2 update upgraded GCC from v13.* to v14.*, for which Git's
source code is not prepared. v1.10.1 already aimed to work around this,
but only uncovered a long-standing bug preventing that work-around from
working correctly. v1.10.2 fixes that.

Work around broken builds with GCC v14.1

A recent MSYS2 update upgraded GCC from v13.* to v14.*, for which Git's
source code is not prepared. Let's work around that for the time being.

Now the `result` output is set to the path where the SDK is installed.

This Action now uses node.js 20

The Action no longer automatically force-enables symbolic link support

By mistake, a dependency of this Action defined
`MSYS=winsymlinks:nativestrict`, intending to fix the caching/restoring
but inadvertently causing a change in behavior of all workflows that use
this Action. This was fixed in the dependency, and by upgrading to a
newer version, the `setup-for-windows-sdk` Action is also fixed.

Add support for Windows/ARM64

With this release, the GitHub Action adds full support for
Windows/ARM64. While previously only the `full` flavor was supported,
now the `minimal`, `makepkg-git` and `build-installers` flavors are also
supported.

Note: As of time of writing, there is no support for hosted
Windows/ARM64 runners, but it is possible to self-host such runners.

Use faster D: drive, if available