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git-log(1)

NAME

git-log - Show commit logs

SYNOPSIS

git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>…​]

DESCRIPTION

Shows the commit logs.

The command takes options applicable to the linkgit:git-rev-list[1] command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to the linkgit:git-diff[1] command to control how the changes each commit introduces are shown.

OPTIONS

--follow

Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames (works only for a single file).

--no-decorate
--decorate[=short|full|auto|no]

Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If short is specified, the ref name prefixes refs/heads/, refs/tags/ and refs/remotes/ will not be printed. If full is specified, the full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. If auto is specified, then if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names are shown as if short were given, otherwise no ref names are shown. The option --decorate is short-hand for --decorate=short. Default to configuration value of log.decorate if configured, otherwise, auto.

--decorate-refs=<pattern>
--decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>

For each candidate reference, do not use it for decoration if it matches any patterns given to --decorate-refs-exclude or if it doesn’t match any of the patterns given to --decorate-refs. The log.excludeDecoration config option allows excluding refs from the decorations, but an explicit --decorate-refs pattern will override a match in log.excludeDecoration.

If none of these options or config settings are given, then references are used as decoration if they match HEAD, refs/heads/, refs/remotes/, refs/stash/, or refs/tags/.

--clear-decorations

When specified, this option clears all previous --decorate-refs or --decorate-refs-exclude options and relaxes the default decoration filter to include all references. This option is assumed if the config value log.initialDecorationSet is set to all.

--source

Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each commit was reached.

--[no-]mailmap
--[no-]use-mailmap

Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].

--full-diff

Without this flag, git log -p <path>... shows commits that touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch the specified paths; this means that "<path>…​" limits only commits, and doesn’t limit diff for those commits.

Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those produced by --stat, etc.

--log-size

Include a line “log size <number>” in the output for each commit, where <number> is the length of that commit’s message in bytes. Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from git log output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.

<revision-range>

Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no <revision-range> is specified, it defaults to HEAD (i.e. the whole history leading to the current commit). origin..HEAD specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit (i.e. HEAD), but not from origin. For a complete list of ways to spell <revision-range>, see the Specifying Ranges section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].

[--] <path>…​

Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files that match the specified paths came to be. See History Simplification below for details and other simplification modes.

Paths may need to be prefixed with -- to separate them from options or the revision range, when confusion arises.

DIFF FORMATTING

By default, git log does not generate any diff output. The options below can be used to show the changes made by each commit.

Note that unless one of --diff-merges variants (including short -m, -c, --cc, and --dd options) is explicitly given, merge commits will not show a diff, even if a diff format like --patch is selected, nor will they match search options like -S. The exception is when --first-parent is in use, in which case first-parent is the default format for merge commits.

EXAMPLES

git log --no-merges

Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges

git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi

Show all commits since version v2.6.12 that changed any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories

git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk

Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file gitk. The -- is necessary to avoid confusion with the branch named gitk

git log --name-status release..test

Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths each commit modifies.

git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c

Shows the commits that changed builtin/rev-list.c, including those commits that occurred before the file was given its present name.

git log --branches --not --remotes=origin

Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in any of remote-tracking branches for origin (what you have that origin doesn’t).

git log master --not --remotes=*/master

Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote repository master branches.

git log -p -m --first-parent

Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the “main branch” perspective, skipping commits that come from merged branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges. This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.

git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c

Shows how the function main() in the file main.c evolved over time.

git log -3

Limits the number of commits to show to 3.

DISCUSSION

CONFIGURATION

See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1] for settings related to diff generation.

format.pretty

Default for the --format option. (See Pretty Formats above.) Defaults to medium.

i18n.logOutputEncoding

Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See Discussion above.) Defaults to the value of i18n.commitEncoding if set, and UTF-8 otherwise.

GIT

Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite