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<body class="manpage">
<div id="header">
<h1>gitprotocol-common(5) Manual Page</h1>
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>gitprotocol-common - Things common to various protocols</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<pre class="content">&lt;over-the-wire-protocol&gt;</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document defines things common to various over-the-wire
protocols and file formats used in Git.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_abnf_notation">ABNF Notation</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>ABNF notation as described by RFC 5234 is used within the protocol documents,
except the following replacement core rules are used:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>  HEXDIG    =  DIGIT / "a" / "b" / "c" / "d" / "e" / "f"</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We also define the following common rules:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>  NUL       =  %x00
  zero-id   =  40*"0"
  obj-id    =  40*(HEXDIGIT)

  refname  =  "HEAD"
  refname /=  "refs/" &lt;see discussion below&gt;</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A refname is a hierarchical octet string beginning with "refs/" and
not violating the <em>git-check-ref-format</em> command&#8217;s validation rules.
More specifically, they:</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>They can include slash <code>/</code> for hierarchical (directory)
grouping, but no slash-separated component can begin with a
dot ..</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>They must contain at least one <code>/</code>. This enforces the presence of a
category like <code>heads/</code>, <code>tags/</code> etc. but the actual names are not
restricted.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>They cannot have two consecutive dots .. anywhere.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>They cannot have ASCII control characters (i.e. bytes whose
values are lower than \040, or \177 <code>DEL</code>), space, tilde <code>~</code>,
caret <code>^</code>, colon <code>:</code>, question-mark ?, asterisk *,
or open bracket [ anywhere.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>They cannot end with a slash <code>/</code> or a dot ..</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>They cannot end with the sequence .<code>lock</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>They cannot contain a sequence <code>@</code>{.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>They cannot contain a \\.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_pkt_line_format">pkt-line Format</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Much (but not all) of the payload is described around pkt-lines.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A pkt-line is a variable length binary string.  The first four bytes
of the line, the pkt-len, indicates the total length of the line,
in hexadecimal.  The pkt-len includes the 4 bytes used to contain
the length&#8217;s hexadecimal representation.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A pkt-line MAY contain binary data, so implementors MUST ensure
pkt-line parsing/formatting routines are 8-bit clean.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A non-binary line SHOULD BE terminated by an LF, which if present
MUST be included in the total length. Receivers MUST treat pkt-lines
with non-binary data the same whether or not they contain the trailing
LF (stripping the LF if present, and not complaining when it is
missing).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The maximum length of a pkt-line&#8217;s data component is 65516 bytes.
Implementations MUST NOT send pkt-line whose length exceeds 65520
(65516 bytes of payload + 4 bytes of length data).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Implementations SHOULD NOT send an empty pkt-line ("0004").</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A pkt-line with a length field of 0 ("0000"), called a flush-pkt,
is a special case and MUST be handled differently than an empty
pkt-line ("0004").</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>  pkt-line     =  data-pkt / flush-pkt

  data-pkt     =  pkt-len pkt-payload
  pkt-len      =  4*(HEXDIG)
  pkt-payload  =  (pkt-len - 4)*(OCTET)

  flush-pkt    = "0000"</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Examples (as C-style strings):</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>  pkt-line          actual value
  ---------------------------------
  "0006a\n"         "a\n"
  "0005a"           "a"
  "000bfoobar\n"    "foobar\n"
  "0004"            ""</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated 2025-02-14 21:38:14 -0800
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