Refactor cache and update provenance to v0.2

[aledbf]

Description

Refactor Cache Implementation and Improve Robustness

Key Changes:

1. Complete cache architecture refactor

   • Split cache implementation into separate packages
   • Introduce clear interfaces for local and remote caches
   • Add proper abstraction layers for object storage

2. Caching Improvements

   • Always use transitive dependencies for all package types
   • Ensure consistent caching behavior across package types
   • Improve S3 cache implementation with better error handling and concurrency

3. Cross-platform Compatibility

   • Add support for macOS by making tar commands platform-aware
   • Remove Linux-specific tar options when running on other platforms

4. Code Quality Improvements

   • Add comprehensive tests for YAML formatting
   • Enhance git information handling with better error handling
   • Improve error reporting and logging

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 18.83333% with 487 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 26.27%. Comparing base (3256d17) to head (f909bbc).
Report is 33 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #198      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   28.84%   26.27%   -2.58%     
==========================================
  Files          21       59      +38     
  Lines        3463     7307    +3844     
==========================================
+ Hits          999     1920     +921     
- Misses       2246     5095    +2849     
- Partials      218      292      +74     

[csweichel]

didn't review in depth, but code LGTM