airo.owl

@prefix : <https://w3id.org/airo#> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix airo: <https://w3id.org/airo#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@base <https://w3id.org/airo> .

<https://w3id.org/airo> rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
                         terms:contributor "Dave Lewis"^^xsd:string ,
                                           "Harshvardhan J. Pandit"^^xsd:string ;
                         terms:creator "Delaram Golpayegani"^^xsd:string ;
                         terms:description "AIRO represents AI risk concepts and relations based on the EU AI Act proposal and ISO 31000 standard series."@en ;
                         terms:issued "2023-01-01T09:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;
                         terms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
                         terms:modified "2021-07-01T17:01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;
                         terms:publisher "ADAPT Centre, Trinity College Dublin"^^xsd:string ;
                         terms:title "AIRO"^^xsd:string ;
                         rdfs:label "AI Risk Ontology"@en ;
                         owl:versionInfo 0.5 .

#################################################################
#    Annotation properties
#################################################################

###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor
terms:contributor rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
terms:creator rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/description
terms:description rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued
terms:issued rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/license
terms:license rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified
terms:modified rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher
terms:publisher rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/title
terms:title rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


#################################################################
#    Object Properties
#################################################################

###  https://w3id.org/airo#affects
airo:affects rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
             rdfs:domain airo:AISystem ;
             rdfs:range airo:AffectedEntity ;
             rdfs:comment "Indicates the stakeholders affected by the AI system"@en ;
             rdfs:label "affects"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#conformsToStandard
airo:conformsToStandard rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                        rdfs:range airo:Standard ;
                        rdfs:comment "Indicates conformance of an entity to a standard"@en ;
                        rdfs:label "conforms to standard"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#detectsEvent
airo:detectsEvent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                  rdfs:subPropertyOf airo:modifiesEvent ;
                  rdfs:domain airo:Control ;
                  rdfs:range airo:Event ;
                  rdfs:comment "Indicates the control used for detecting an event"@en ;
                  rdfs:label "detects event"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#eliminatesEvent
airo:eliminatesEvent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                     rdfs:subPropertyOf airo:modifiesEvent ;
                     rdfs:domain airo:Control ;
                     rdfs:range airo:Event ;
                     rdfs:comment "Indicates the control used for eliminating an event"@en ;
                     rdfs:label "eliminates event"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#exploitsVulnerability
airo:exploitsVulnerability rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                           rdfs:domain airo:RiskSource ;
                           rdfs:range airo:Vulnerability ;
                           rdfs:comment "indicates vulnerabilities exploited by a risk source"@en ;
                           rdfs:label "exploits vulnerability"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasAISubject
airo:hasAISubject rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                  rdfs:comment "Indicates subject of an AI system"@en ;
                  rdfs:label "has AI subject"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasCapability
airo:hasCapability rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                   rdfs:domain airo:AISystem ;
                   rdfs:range airo:AICapability ;
                   rdfs:comment "Specifies capabilities implemented within an AI system to materialise its purposes"@en ;
                   rdfs:label "has capability" .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasComponent
airo:hasComponent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                  rdfs:domain airo:AISystem ;
                  rdfs:range airo:AIComponent ;
                  rdfs:comment "Indicates components of an AI system"@en ;
                  rdfs:label "has component"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasConsequence
airo:hasConsequence rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                    rdfs:domain airo:Risk ;
                    rdfs:range airo:Consequence ;
                    rdfs:comment "Specifies consequences caused by materialisation of a risk"@en ;
                    rdfs:label "has consequence" .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasDocumentation
airo:hasDocumentation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                      rdfs:range airo:Document ;
                      rdfs:comment "Indicates documents related to an entity, e.g. AI system"@en ;
                      rdfs:label "has documentation"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasImpact
airo:hasImpact rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               rdfs:domain airo:Consequence ;
               rdfs:range airo:Impact ;
               rdfs:comment "Specifies impacts caused by materialisation of a consequence"@en ;
               rdfs:label "has impact"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasImpactOnArea
airo:hasImpactOnArea rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                     rdfs:domain airo:Impact ;
                     rdfs:range airo:AreaOfImpact ;
                     rdfs:comment "Specifies the area that is affected by an AI impact" ;
                     rdfs:label "has impact on area"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasImpactOnStakeholder
airo:hasImpactOnStakeholder rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                            rdfs:domain airo:Impact ;
                            rdfs:range airo:AffectedEntity ;
                            rdfs:comment "Specifies stakeholders that are affected by an AI impact"@en ;
                            rdfs:label "has impact on stakeholder"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasInput
airo:hasInput rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
              rdfs:domain <http://w3id.org/airo#Entity> ;
              rdfs:range airo:Input ;
              rdfs:comment "Indicates the input an entity needs to process and/or generate output"@en ;
              rdfs:label "has input"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasLifecyclePhase
airo:hasLifecyclePhase rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                       rdfs:domain airo:AISystem ;
                       rdfs:range airo:AILifecyclePhase ;
                       rdfs:comment "Indicates the AI system's lifecycle phase"@en ;
                       rdfs:label "has lifecycle phase"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasLikelihood
airo:hasLikelihood rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                   rdfs:domain airo:Event ;
                   rdfs:range airo:Likelihood ;
                   rdfs:comment "Indicates the probability of occurrence of an event"@en ;
                   rdfs:label "has likelihood"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasModality
airo:hasModality rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                 rdfs:domain <http://w3id.org/airo#Entity> ;
                 rdfs:range airo:Modality ;
                 rdfs:label "Indicates the modality in which an entity exists"@en ,
                            "has modality"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasPurpose
airo:hasPurpose rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                rdfs:range airo:Purpose ;
                rdfs:label "Indicates the purpose of an AI system"@en ,
                           "has purpose"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasRisk
airo:hasRisk rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
             rdfs:range airo:Risk ;
             rdfs:comment "Indicates risks associated with an AI system, an AI component, etc."@en ;
             rdfs:label "has risk"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasSeverity
airo:hasSeverity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                 rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                               owl:unionOf ( airo:Consequence
                                             airo:Impact
                                           )
                             ] ;
                 rdfs:range airo:Severity ;
                 rdfs:comment "Indicates severity of a consequenve or an impact"@en ;
                 rdfs:label "has severity"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasStakeholder
airo:hasStakeholder rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                    rdfs:domain airo:AISystem ;
                    rdfs:range airo:Stakeholder ;
                    rdfs:comment "Indicates stakeholders of an AI system"@en ;
                    rdfs:label "has stakeholder"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasVersion
airo:hasVersion rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                rdfs:domain <http://w3id.org/airo#Entity> ;
                rdfs:range airo:Version ;
                rdfs:comment "Indicates the version of an entity"@en ;
                rdfs:label "has version"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#hasVulnerability
airo:hasVulnerability rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                      rdfs:range airo:Vulnerability ;
                      rdfs:comment "indicates vulnerabilities associated with an entity, e.g. AI system and its components"@en ;
                      rdfs:label "has vulnerability"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#isAppliedWithinDomain
airo:isAppliedWithinDomain rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                           rdfs:domain airo:AISystem ;
                           rdfs:range airo:Domain ;
                           rdfs:comment "Specifies the domain an AI system is used within"@en ;
                           rdfs:label "is applied within domain"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#isDeployedBy
airo:isDeployedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                  rdfs:domain airo:AISystem ;
                  rdfs:range airo:AIDeployer ;
                  rdfs:comment "Indicates the deployer of an AI system"@en ;
                  rdfs:label "is deployed by"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#isFollowedByControl
airo:isFollowedByControl rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                         rdfs:domain airo:Control ;
                         rdfs:range airo:Control ;
                         rdfs:comment "Specifies the order of controls"@en ;
                         rdfs:label "is followed by control"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#isPartOfControl
airo:isPartOfControl rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                     rdfs:range airo:Control ;
                     rdfs:comment "Specifies composition of controls"@en ;
                     rdfs:label "is part of control"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#isProvidedBy
airo:isProvidedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                  rdfs:domain airo:AISystem ;
                  rdfs:range airo:AIProvider ;
                  rdfs:comment "Indicates provider of an AI system"@en ;
                  rdfs:label "is provided by"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#isRiskSourceFor
airo:isRiskSourceFor rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                     rdfs:domain airo:RiskSource ;
                     rdfs:range airo:Risk ;
                     rdfs:comment "Specifies risks caused by materialisation of a risk source"@en ;
                     rdfs:label "is risk source for"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#isUsedWithinEnvironment
airo:isUsedWithinEnvironment rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                             rdfs:domain <http://w3id.org/airo#Entity> ;
                             rdfs:range airo:EnvironmentOfUse ;
                             rdfs:comment "indicates the enviroment of use"@en ;
                             rdfs:label "is used within environment"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#mitigatesEvent
airo:mitigatesEvent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                    rdfs:subPropertyOf airo:modifiesEvent ;
                    rdfs:domain airo:Control ;
                    rdfs:range airo:Event ;
                    rdfs:comment "Indicates the control used for mitigating an event"@en ;
                    rdfs:label "mitigates event"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#modifiesEvent
airo:modifiesEvent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                   rdfs:domain airo:Control ;
                   rdfs:range airo:Event ;
                   rdfs:comment "Indicates the control used for modification of an event"@en ;
                   rdfs:label "modifies event"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#producesOutput
airo:producesOutput rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                    rdfs:domain <http://w3id.org/airo#Entity> ;
                    rdfs:range airo:Output ;
                    rdfs:comment "Indicate the output generated by an entity"@en ;
                    rdfs:label "produces output"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#usesTechnique
airo:usesTechnique rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                   rdfs:domain airo:AISystem ;
                   rdfs:range airo:AITechnique ;
                   rdfs:comment "Indicates the AI techniques used in an AI system"@en ;
                   rdfs:label "uses technique"@en .


#################################################################
#    Data properties
#################################################################

###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/date
terms:date rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty .


#################################################################
#    Classes
#################################################################

###  http://w3id.org/airo#Entity
<http://w3id.org/airo#Entity> rdf:type owl:Class .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#AICapability
airo:AICapability rdf:type owl:Class ;
                  rdfs:comment "The capability of an AI system that enables realisation of the system's purposes"@en ;
                  rdfs:label "AI Capability"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#AIComponent
airo:AIComponent rdf:type owl:Class ;
                 rdfs:comment "Component (element) of an AI system"@en ;
                 rdfs:label "AI Component"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#AIDeployer
airo:AIDeployer rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf airo:AIOperator ;
                rdfs:comment "Any natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body using an AI system under its authority except where the AI system is used in the course of a personal non-professional activity"@en ;
                rdfs:isDefinedBy "AI Act, Art. 3(4)"@en ;
                rdfs:label "AI Deployer"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#AILifecyclePhase
airo:AILifecyclePhase rdf:type owl:Class ;
                      rdfs:comment "A Phase of AI lifecycle which indicates evolution of the system from conception through retirement"@en ;
                      rdfs:label "AI Lifecycle Phase"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#AIOperator
airo:AIOperator rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf airo:Stakeholder ;
                rdfs:comment "the provider, the product manufacturer, the user, the authorised representative, the importer or the distributor"@en ;
                rdfs:label "AI Operator"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#AIProvider
airo:AIProvider rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf airo:AIOperator ;
                rdfs:comment "A natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body that develops an AI system or that has an AI system developed and places that system on the market or puts it into service under its own name or trademark, whether for payment or free of charge"@en ;
                rdfs:isDefinedBy "AI Act, Common position, Art. 3(2)"@en ;
                rdfs:label "AI Provider"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#AISubject
airo:AISubject rdf:type owl:Class ;
               rdfs:subClassOf airo:Stakeholder ;
               rdfs:comment "An entity that is subjected to the use of AI"@en ;
               rdfs:label "AI Subject"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#AISystem
airo:AISystem rdf:type owl:Class ;
              rdfs:subClassOf <http://w3id.org/airo#Entity> ;
              rdfs:comment "A machine-based system designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy and that may exhibit adaptiveness after deployment and that, for explicit or implicit objectives, infers, from the input it receives, how to generate outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations, or decisions that can influence physical or virtual environments [AI Act, Art. 3(1)]"@en ;
              rdfs:isDefinedBy "AI Act, Art. 3(1)"@en ;
              rdfs:label "AI System"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#AITechnique
airo:AITechnique rdf:type owl:Class ;
                 rdfs:comment "Approach or technique used in development of an AI system"@en ;
                 rdfs:label "AI Technique"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#AffectedEntity
airo:AffectedEntity rdf:type owl:Class ;
                    rdfs:subClassOf airo:Stakeholder ;
                    rdfs:comment "An entity that is affected by AI"@en ;
                    rdfs:label "Affected Entity"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#AreaOfImpact
airo:AreaOfImpact rdf:type owl:Class ;
                  rdfs:comment "Areas that can be affected by an AI system"@en ;
                  rdfs:label "Area Of Impact"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Characteristic
airo:Characteristic rdf:type owl:Class ;
                    rdfs:label "Characteristic"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Consequence
airo:Consequence rdf:type owl:Class ;
                 rdfs:subClassOf airo:Event ;
                 rdfs:comment "Outcome of an event affecting objectives"@en ;
                 rdfs:isDefinedBy "ISO 31000, 3.6"@en ;
                 rdfs:label "Consequence"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Control
airo:Control rdf:type owl:Class ;
             rdfs:comment "A measure that maintains and/or modifies risk"@en ;
             rdfs:isDefinedBy "Source: ISO 31000, 3.8" ;
             rdfs:label "Control"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Document
airo:Document rdf:type owl:Class ;
              rdfs:subClassOf <http://w3id.org/airo#Entity> ;
              rdfs:comment "A piece of written, printed, or electronic matter that provides information or evidence [from Oxford Languages dictionary]"@en ;
              rdfs:label "Document"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Domain
airo:Domain rdf:type owl:Class ;
            rdfs:comment "Domain, sector, or industry"@en ;
            rdfs:label "Domain"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#EnvironmentOfUse
airo:EnvironmentOfUse rdf:type owl:Class ;
                      rdfs:comment "The environment, e.g. facility or institution, in which an entity is used"@en ;
                      rdfs:label "Environment Of Use"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Event
airo:Event rdf:type owl:Class ;
           rdfs:comment "Occurrence or change of a particular set of circumstances."@en ;
           rdfs:isDefinedBy "ISO 31000, 3.5"@en ;
           rdfs:label "Event"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Impact
airo:Impact rdf:type owl:Class ;
            rdfs:subClassOf airo:Consequence ;
            rdfs:comment "Outcome of a consequence on persons, groups, facilities, environment, etc."@en ;
            rdfs:label "Impact"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Input
airo:Input rdf:type owl:Class ;
           rdfs:comment "Something put into a system to produce output"@en ;
           rdfs:label "Input"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Likelihood
airo:Likelihood rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:comment "Chance of an event happening"@en ;
                rdfs:label "Likelihood"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Modality
airo:Modality rdf:type owl:Class ;
              rdfs:comment "The way or type in which an entity exists or is represented"@en ;
              rdfs:label "Modality"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Output
airo:Output rdf:type owl:Class ;
            rdfs:comment "Output of an entity"@en ;
            rdfs:label "Output"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Purpose
airo:Purpose rdf:type owl:Class ;
             rdfs:comment "The end goal for which an entity is used or an action is taken"@en ;
             rdfs:label "Purpose"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Risk
airo:Risk rdf:type owl:Class ;
          rdfs:subClassOf airo:Event ;
          rdfs:comment "Risk of harm associated with an AI system"@en ;
          rdfs:label "Risk"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#RiskSource
airo:RiskSource rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf airo:Event ;
                rdfs:comment "An element that has the potential give rise to a risk"@en ;
                rdfs:isDefinedBy "ISO 31000, 3.4"@en ;
                rdfs:label "Risk Source"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Severity
airo:Severity rdf:type owl:Class ;
              rdfs:comment "Indicates level of severity of an event that reflects level of potential harm"@en ;
              rdfs:label "Severity"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Stakeholder
airo:Stakeholder rdf:type owl:Class ;
                 rdfs:comment "Represents any individual, group or organization that can affect, be affected by or perceive itself to be affected by a decision or activity [Source: ISO/IEC TR 24028, 3.37]"@en ;
                 rdfs:isDefinedBy "ISO/IEC TR 24028, 3.37"@en ;
                 rdfs:label "Stakeholder"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Standard
airo:Standard rdf:type owl:Class ;
              rdfs:subClassOf <http://w3id.org/airo#Entity> ;
              rdfs:comment "A resource, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context."@en ;
              rdfs:isDefinedBy "ISO/IEC TR 29110-1:2016(en), 3.59"@en ;
              rdfs:label "Standard"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Version
airo:Version rdf:type owl:Class ;
             rdfs:comment "A unique number or name that is assigned to a unique state of an AI system"@en ;
             rdfs:label "Version"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/airo#Vulnerability
airo:Vulnerability rdf:type owl:Class ;
                   rdfs:comment "Intrinsic properties of something resulting in susceptibility to a risk source that can lead to an event with a consequence [ISO 31073]"@en ;
                   rdfs:label "Vulnerability"@en .


###  Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.9.2019-02-01T07:24:44Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi