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    <title>Graphics Accessibility API Mappings</title>
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    <section id="abstract">
      <p>
        The Graphics Accessibility API Mappings defines how <a class="termref">user agents</a> map the WAI-ARIA Graphics Module [[GRAPHICS-ARIA-1.0]] markup to platform
        <a class="termref">accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></a
        >. It is intended for user agent developers responsible for accessibility in their user agent so that they can support the accessibility of graphics such as that created for [[SVG]] or
        [[HTML52]].
      </p>
      <p>
        The implementation of this specification in user agents enables authors to produce more accessible graphics by conveying common graphics semantics to assistive technologies. It provides
        Accessibility API Mapping guidance for the roles defined in the WAI-ARIA Graphics Module [[GRAPHICS-ARIA-1.0]].
      </p>
      <p>
        The Graphics Accessibility API Mappings is part of the
        <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> suite described in the
        <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/aria.php"><abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Application">WAI-ARIA</abbr> Overview</a>.
      </p>
    </section>
    <section id="sotd">
      <p>
        This is an Editor's Draft of Graphics Accessibility API Mappings 1.0 by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/PF/svg-a11y-tf/">SVG Accessibility Task Force</a>, a joint task force of the
        <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/">Accessible Rich Internet Applications Working Group</a> and the <a href="https://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/WG/">SVG Working Group</a>. It provides guidance
        for mapping roles in <a href="" class="graphics">WAI-ARIA Graphics Module</a> [[GRAPHICS-ARIA-1.0]] to accessibility APIs, and complements SVG-specific mappings in the
        <a href="" class="svg-mapping">SVG Accessibility API Mappings</a> [[SVG-AAM-1.0]]. It extends <a href="" class="core-mapping">Core Accessibility Mappings 1.1</a> [[CORE-AAM-1.1]], and is part
        of a suite of similar technology-specific Accessibility API Mappings specifications.
      </p>
      <p>Feedback on any aspect of the specification is accepted. For this publication, the SVG Accessibility Task Force particularly seeks feedback on the following questions:</p>
      <ul>
        <li>Are mappings of graphics features clear and appropriate?</li>
        <li>Do the platform API mappings appropriately reflect the semantics defined for these roles in the WAI-ARIA Graphics Module?</li>
        <li>Is the relationship of this specification to <a href="" class="core-mapping">Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.1</a> clear?</li>
        <li>Is the relationship of this specification to <a href="" class="graphics">WAI-ARIA Graphics Module</a> and <a href="" class="specref">WAI-ARIA 1.1</a> clear?</li>
      </ul>
      <p>
        To comment, <a href="https://github.com/w3c/graphics-aam/issues/new">file an issue in the W3C graphics-aam GitHub repository</a>. If this is not feasible, send email to
        <a href="mailto:public-aria@w3.org?subject=Graphics%20AAM%20public%20comment">public-aria@w3.org</a> (<a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-aria/">comment archive</a>).
        In-progress updates to the document may be viewed in the <a href="https://w3c.github.io/graphics-aam">publicly visible editors' draft</a>.
      </p>
    </section>
    <section id="intro" class="informative">
      <h2>Introduction</h2>
      <p>The Graphics Accessibility API Mappings specification provides role mappings for the roles in the WAI-ARIA Graphics Module [[GRAPHICS-ARIA-1.0]].</p>
      <p>
        For web documents and applications, the essential semantic information is encapsulated within the Document Object Model (<abbr title="Document Object Model">DOM</abbr>). Assistive technologies
        obtain this information from the user agent, which maps elements and attributes to the platform Accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr>.
      </p>
      <p>
        The original suite of element semantics defined by
        <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> 1.0 only considered graphics as individual embedded images, with no interactivity or meaningful semantic structure. It was
        therefore not sufficient for communicating complex graphics, such as labelled diagrams or data charts, or for interactive graphics. The WAI-ARIA Graphics Module defines a core set of three
        roles that can convey the structure of a graphic. This specification defines how <a>user agents</a> should expose those roles to the <a>accessibility APIs</a> currently in use, so that the
        semantic information is available to <a>assistive technologies</a> that use those APIs.
      </p>

      <p>
        For an introduction to <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr>, see the
        <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/aria.php"><abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> Overview</a>. It is part of a set of resources that define and support the
        <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> specification, including the following documents:
      </p>
      <ul>
        <li>
          <cite><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/">Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.1</a></cite> [[WAI-ARIA-1.1]], a planned
          <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> recommendation that extends the exising ARIA standard [[WAI-ARIA-1.0]]. It defines the core roles, states, and properties.
        </li>
        <li>
          <cite><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/graphics-aria-1.0/">WAI-ARIA Graphics Module</a></cite> [[GRAPHICS-ARIA-1.0]], a planned
          <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> recommendation that defines graphics roles, states, and properties not included in
          <cite><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/">Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.1</a></cite> [[WAI-ARIA-1.1]].
        </li>
        <li>
          <cite><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.1/">Core Accessibility API Mappings</a></cite> specification [[CORE-AAM-1.1]], which expresses how
          <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> <a class="termref">roles</a>, <a class="termref">states</a>, and [=ARIA/properties=] should be supported in user agents
          using platform accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr>.
        </li>
        <li>
          <cite><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/svg-aam-1.0/">SVG Accessibility API Mappings</a></cite> [[SVG-AAM-1.0]], a planned <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> recommendation,
          which expresses how <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> <a class="termref">roles</a>, <a class="termref">states</a>, and [=ARIA/properties=] should be
          supported in user agents using platform accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr>.
        </li>

        <li>
          <cite><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-aam-1.1/">Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1</a></cite> [[ACCNAME-AAM-1.1]], which outlines the specific steps
          user agents should follow in order to identify accessible names (labels) and descriptions (alternative text) for elements that are exposed to assistive technologies.
        </li>
        <li>
          <cite
            ><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-practices/"><abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> Authoring Practices Guide</a></cite
          >
          [[WAI-ARIA-PRACTICES-1.1]], a planned W3C Working Group Note, which describes how web content developers can develop accessible rich internet applications using
          <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr>. It provides detailed advice and examples directed primarily to web application developers, yet also useful to developers
          of user agents and assistive technologies.
        </li>
      </ul>
    </section>
    <section class="normative" id="conformance">
      <h2>Conformance</h2>
      <p>
        The main content of this specification is normative and defines requirements that impact conformance claims. Introductory material, appendices, sections marked as "non-normative" and their
        subsections, diagrams, examples, and notes are informative (non-normative). Non-normative material provides advisory information to help interpret the guidelines but does not create
        requirements that impact a conformance claim.
      </p>
      <p>
        Normative sections provide requirements that <a class="termref">user agents</a> must follow for an implementation to conform to this specification. The keywords <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em>,
        <em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em>, <em class="rfc2119">REQUIRED</em>, <em class="rfc2119">SHALL</em>, <em class="rfc2119">SHALL NOT</em>, <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em>,
        <em class="rfc2119">RECOMMENDED</em>, <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em>, and <em class="rfc2119">OPTIONAL</em> in this document are to be interpreted as described in
        <cite><a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">Keywords for use in RFCs to indicate requirement levels</a></cite> [[!RFC2119]]. RFC-2119 keywords are formatted in uppercase and
        contained in an element with <code>class="rfc2119"</code>. When the keywords shown above are used, but do not share this format, they do not convey formal information in the RFC 2119 sense,
        and are merely explanatory, i.e., informative. As much as possible, such usages are avoided in this specification.
      </p>
      <p>Normative sections provide requirements that authors, user agents and assistive technologies MUST follow for an implementation to conform to this specification.</p>
      <p>
        Non-normative (informative) sections provide information useful to understanding the specification. Such sections may contain examples of recommended practice, but it is not required to follow
        such recommendations in order to conform to this specification.
      </p>
    </section>
    <section id="mapping" class="normative">
      <h2>Mapping <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Application">WAI-ARIA</abbr> to Accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></h2>
      <section id="mapping_general">
        <h3>General rules for exposing <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Application">WAI-ARIA</abbr> semantics</h3>
        <p>This section <span class="rfc2119">MUST</span> conform to <a class="core-mapping" href="#mapping_general">General rules for exposing WAI-ARIA semantics</a> in [[!CORE-AAM-1.1]].</p>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section id="mapping_conflicts" class="normative">
      <h3>Conflicts between native markup semantics and <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Application">WAI-ARIA</abbr></h3>
      <p>User agents <span class="rfc2119">MUST</span> conform to <a class="core-mapping" href="#mapping_conflicts">Conflicts between native markup semantics and WAI-ARIA</a> in [[!CORE-AAM-1.1]].</p>
    </section>
    <section id="mapping_nodirect" class="normative">
      <h3>Exposing attributes that do not directly map to accessibility <abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr> properties</h3>
      <p>
        User agents <span class="rfc2119">MUST</span> conform to
        <a class="core-mapping" href="#mapping_nodirect">Exposing attributes that do not directly map to accessibility <abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr> properties</a> in
        [[!CORE-AAM-1.1]].
      </p>
    </section>
    <section id="mapping_role">
      <h2>Role mapping</h2>
      <p>
        Platform <a class="termref">accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></a> traditionally have had a finite set of predefined <a class="termref">roles</a> that
        are expected by <a class="termref">assistive technologies</a> on that platform and only one or two roles may be exposed. In contrast,
        <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Application">WAI-ARIA</abbr> allows multiple roles to be specified as an ordered set of space-separated valid role tokens. The additional roles are
        fallback roles similar to the concept of specifying multiple fonts in case the first choice font type is not supported.
      </p>
      <section id="roleMappingGeneralRules">
        <h3>General Rules</h3>
        <p>
          User agents <span class="rfc2119">MUST</span> conform to the Role Mapping <a class="core-mapping" href="#roleMappingGeneralRules">General Rules</a> accessibility API computational
          requirements in [[!CORE-AAM-1.1]].
        </p>
      </section>
      <section id="mapping_role_table">
        <h3>Role Mapping Table</h3>
        <p>
          This section defines how roles in graphics map to platform accessibility APIs based on their native host language semantics and when WAI-ARIA roles are applied. This section refers directly
          to the Core Accessibility API Mappings specification.
        </p>
        <h4 id="role-map-graphics-document"><code>graphics-document</code></h4>
        <table class="data" aria-labelledby="role-map-graphics-document">
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <th>Graphics-ARIA Specification</th>
              <td>
                <a class="graphics-role-reference" href="#graphics-document"><code>graphics-document</code></a>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th><a href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#roleMappingComputedRole">Computed Role</a></th>
              <td>
                <code>graphics-document</code>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th>MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features</th>
              <td>
                <p><code>ROLE_SYSTEM_DOCUMENT</code> + <code>STATE_SYSTEM_READONLY</code></p>
                <p>IAccessible2: Object attribute <code>xml-roles:graphics-document</code>.</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th><abbr title="User Interface Automation">UIA</abbr> Control Type + Other Features</th>
              <td>Control Type: <code>'Document'</code>.</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th><abbr title="Accessibility Toolkit">ATK</abbr>/<abbr title="Assistive Technology - Service Provider Interface">AT-SPI</abbr> Role</th>
              <td>
                <p>Expose <code>ROLE_DOCUMENT_FRAME</code> and object attribute <code>xml-roles:graphics-document</code>.</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th><abbr title="Mac OS X Accessibility Protocol">AXAPI</abbr></th>
              <td>
                AXRole: <code>AXGroup</code><br />
                AXSubrole: <code>AXDocument</code><br />
                AXRoleDescription: <code>'document'</code>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <h4 id="role-map-graphics-object"><code>graphics-object</code></h4>
        <table class="data" aria-labelledby="role-map-graphics-object">
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <th>Graphics-ARIA Specification</th>
              <td>
                <a class="graphics-role-reference" href="#graphics-object"><code>graphics-object</code></a>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th><a href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#roleMappingComputedRole">Computed Role</a></th>
              <td>
                <code>graphics-object</code>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th>MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features</th>
              <td>
                <code>ROLE_SYSTEM_GROUPING</code> +
                <p>IAccessible2: Object attribute <code>xml-roles:graphics-object</code>.</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th><abbr title="User Interface Automation">UIA</abbr> Control Type + Other Features</th>
              <td>Control Type: <code>'Group'</code>.</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th><abbr title="Accessibility Toolkit">ATK</abbr>/<abbr title="Assistive Technology - Service Provider Interface">AT-SPI</abbr> Role</th>
              <td>
                <p>Expose <code>ROLE_PANEL</code> and object attribute <code>xml-roles:graphics-object</code>.</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th><abbr title="Mac OS X Accessibility Protocol">AXAPI</abbr></th>
              <td>
                AXRole: <code>AXGroup</code><br />
                AXSubrole: <code>&lt;nil&gt;</code><br />
                AXRoleDescription: <code>'group'</code>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <h4 id="role-map-graphics-symbol"><code>graphics-symbol</code></h4>
        <table class="data" aria-labelledby="role-map-graphics-symbol">
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <th>Graphics-ARIA Specification</th>
              <td>
                <a class="graphics-role-reference" href="#graphics-symbol"><code>graphics-symbol</code></a>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th><a href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#roleMappingComputedRole">Computed Role</a></th>
              <td>
                <code>graphics-symbol</code>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th>MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features</th>
              <td>
                <code>ROLE_SYSTEM_GRAPHIC</code>
                <p>IAccessible2: Object attribute <code>xml-roles:graphics-symbol</code>.</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th><abbr title="User Interface Automation">UIA</abbr> Control Type + Other Features</th>
              <td>Control Type: <code>'Image'</code>.</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th><abbr title="Accessibility Toolkit">ATK</abbr>/<abbr title="Assistive Technology - Service Provider Interface">AT-SPI</abbr> Role</th>
              <td>
                <p>Expose <code>ROLE_IMAGE</code> and object attribute <code>xml-roles:graphics-symbol</code>.</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th><abbr title="Mac OS X Accessibility Protocol">AXAPI</abbr></th>
              <td>
                AXRole: <code>AXImage</code><br />
                AXSubrole: <code>&lt;nil&gt;</code><br />
                AXRoleDescription: <code>'image'</code>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section class="appendix" id="changelog">
      <h2>Change Log</h2>
      <p>The full <a href="https://github.com/w3c/graphics-aam/commits/main/index.html">commit history to Graphics Accessibility API Mappings 1.0</a> is available.</p>
      <!--<section>
				<h2>Substantive changes since the <a href="@@">last public working draft</a></h2>
				<ul>
					<li>DD-MMM-YYYY: Change description.</li>
					<!- EdNote: After each WD publish, move contents of this list into the next one below. ->
				</ul>
			</section>-->
      <section>
        <h2><!--Other s-->Substantive changes since the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-graphics-aam-1.0-20160908/">First Public Working Draft</a></h2>
        <ul>
          <li>2017-11-10: Fix macOS mapping for graphics-symbol.</li>
          <li>2017-11-15: Fix ATK mappings</li>
          <li>2017-12-04: Fix macOS mapping for graphics-symbol; Update UIA mappings</li>
          <!-- EdNote: After each WD publish, move previous list into this one. -->
        </ul>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section class="appendix informative section" id="acknowledgements">
      <h3>Acknowledgments</h3>
      <p>The following people contributed to the development of this document.</p>
      <ul id="gh-contributors"></ul>
      <section class="section" id="ack_svga11y">
        <h4>Participants active in the SVG accessibility task force at the time of publication</h4>
        <ul>
          <li>Amelia Bellamy-Royds (Invited expert)</li>
          <li>Fred Esch (IBM Corporation)</li>
          <li>Charles McCathieNevile (Yandex)</li>
          <li>Charu Pandhi (IBM Corporation)</li>
          <li>Doug Schepers (W3C Staff)</li>
          <li>Richard Schwerdtfeger (Knowbility)</li>
          <li>Léonie Watson (The Paciello Group)</li>
          <li>Jason White (Educational Testing Service)</li>
        </ul>
      </section>
      <section class="section" id="ack_group">
        <h4>Participants active in the ARIA WG at the time of publication</h4>
        <ul>
          <!-- List goes here -->
        </ul>
      </section>
      <div data-include="../common/acknowledgements/funders.html" data-include-replace="true"></div>
    </section>
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