Update WebAssembly image to Ubuntu 24.04

[richlander]

• Update base to Ubuntu 24.04
• Update CMake, 3.17 -> 3.31.7
• Rest of the .NET 10 build uses 3.30 (from AL3 archives)
• 3.31.7 is the latest/last 3.x build, with 4.x after that

References:

• Old: https://github.com/dotnet/dotnet-buildtools-prereqs-docker/blob/4f5930d8206cbd9c53f49882338cdbdfed3fd53b/src/ubuntu/22.04/helix/webassembly/amd64/Dockerfile
• New: https://github.com/dotnet/dotnet-buildtools-prereqs-docker/blob/4f5930d8206cbd9c53f49882338cdbdfed3fd53b/src/ubuntu/24.04/helix/webassembly/amd64/Dockerfile

@akoeplinger @jkoritzinsky

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR updates the WebAssembly image in the Helix queues setup to use Ubuntu 24.04, aligning the pipeline with the latest supported base image.

• Update base image tag for browser wasm from Ubuntu 22.04 to Ubuntu 24.04.
• Reflect the update in the Docker image reference for the Helix queues setup.

[richlander]

Is the Android build expected to take this long? Runaway?

[richlander]

/ba-g "Android PR is stalled. Android and Libraries tests are unrelated to the WebAssembly change"