Bermuda Router

Flexible and performant routing library for PHP 8.4+ with route caching support.

Installation
Quick Start
Creating Routes
- HTTP Verb Helper Methods
- Using RouteBuilder
Route Parameters
Route Groups
- Group Configuration
URL Generation
PSR-15 Middleware Integration
Accessing Route Data in Controllers
Route Locators
- Locator Setup
- Routes File
PHP Attribute-based Route Location
Accessing Route Handler
Route Caching
Error Handling
- Exception Types

Installation

composer require bermudaphp/router

Requirements: PHP 8.4+

Quick Start

use Bermuda\Router\{Routes, Router, RouteRecord};

// Create routes collection
$routes = new Routes();
$router = Router::fromDnf($routes);

// Add route
$routes->addRoute(
    RouteRecord::get('hello', '/hello/[name]', function(string $name): string {
        return "Hello, $name!";
    })
);

// Match request
$route = $router->match('/hello/John', 'GET');
if ($route) {
    $name = $route->parameters->get('name');
    echo call_user_func($route->handler, $name);
}

Creating Routes

HTTP Verb Helper Methods

Method	HTTP Methods	Description	Usage Example
`get()`	GET	Retrieve data	`RouteRecord::get('users.index', '/users', 'UsersController')`
`post()`	POST	Create new resources	`RouteRecord::post('users.store', '/users', 'UsersController::store')`
`put()`	PUT	Full resource update	`RouteRecord::put('users.update', '/users/[id]', 'UsersController::update')`
`patch()`	PATCH	Partial resource update	`RouteRecord::patch('users.patch', '/users/[id]', 'UsersController::patch')`
`delete()`	DELETE	Delete resource	`RouteRecord::delete('users.destroy', '/users/[id]', 'UsersController::destroy')`
`head()`	HEAD	Retrieve headers	`RouteRecord::head('users.check', '/users/[id]', 'UsersController::head')`
`options()`	OPTIONS	Get available methods	`RouteRecord::options('users.options', '/users', 'UsersController::options')`
`any()`	Custom	Multiple HTTP methods	`RouteRecord::any('users.resource', '/users/[id]', 'UsersController', ['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])`

// GET route for user listing
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('users.index', '/users', UsersController::class));

// POST route for creating new user
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::post('users.store', '/users', 'UsersController::store'));

// PUT route for full user update
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::put('users.update', '/users/[id]', 'UsersController::update'));

// PATCH route for partial user update
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::patch('users.patch', '/users/[id]', 'UsersController::patch'));

// DELETE route for user deletion
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::delete('users.destroy', '/users/[id]', 'UsersController::destroy'));

// Multiple methods for single route
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::any('users.resource', '/users/[id]', UsersController::class, 
    ['GET', 'PUT', 'PATCH', 'DELETE']
));

// All HTTP methods (catch-all route)
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::any('api.catchall', '/api/[path:.*]', ApiController::class));

// Closure as handler
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('hello', '/hello/[name]', function(string $name) {
    return "Hello, $name!";
}));

Using RouteBuilder

use Bermuda\Router\RouteBuilder;

$route = RouteBuilder::create('users.show', '/users/[id]')
    ->handler(UsersController::class)
    ->get()
    ->middleware([AuthMiddleware::class, ValidationMiddleware::class])
    ->tokens(['id' => '\d+'])
    ->defaults(['format' => 'json'])
    ->build();

$routes->addRoute($route);

Route Parameters

Basic Parameters

// Required parameter
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('user.show', '/users/[id]', 'showUser'));

// Optional parameter
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('posts.index', '/posts/[?page]', 'listPosts'));

// Multiple parameters
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('post.show', '/blog/[year]/[month]/[slug]', 'showPost'));

Predefined Patterns

Name	Pattern	Description	Examples
`id`	`\d+`	Numeric ID	1, 123, 999
`slug`	`[a-z0-9-]+`	URL-compatible string	hello-world, my-post
`uuid`	`[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}`	UUID v4 format	550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000
`any`	`.+`	Any characters including slashes	any/path/here
`alpha`	`[a-zA-Z]+`	Letters only	Hello, ABC
`alnum`	`[a-zA-Z0-9]+`	Letters and digits	Hello123, ABC789
`year`	`[12]\d{3}`	4-digit year (1900-2999)	2024, 1995
`month`	`0[1-9]\|1[0-2]`	Month (01-12)	01, 12
`day`	`0[1-9]\|[12]\d\|3[01]`	Day of month (01-31)	01, 15, 31
`locale`	`[a-z]{2}(_[A-Z]{2})?`	Locale code	en, en_US, fr_FR
`version`	`v?\d+(\.\d+)*`	Version string	1.0, v2.1.3
`date`	`\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}`	ISO date (YYYY-MM-DD)	2024-12-25

Custom Patterns

Inline Patterns

Inline patterns allow defining regex patterns directly in route definition. Syntax: [parameter_name:regular_expression]

// Inline pattern - numeric ID only
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('user.show', '/users/[id:\d+]', 'showUser'));

// Inline pattern - API version
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('api.version', '/api/[version:v\d+]/users', 'apiUsers'));

// Inline pattern - product SKU (3 letters, dash, 4 digits)
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('product.show', '/products/[sku:[A-Z]{3}-\d{4}]', 'showProduct'));

// Inline pattern - file format (only specific extensions)
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('download', '/files/[name]/[format:pdf|doc|txt]', 'downloadFile'));

// Optional inline pattern
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('posts.category', '/posts/[?category:tech|news|blog]', 'showCategory'));

// Complex inline pattern - date in YYYY-MM-DD format
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('archive.date', '/archive/[date:\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}]', 'showArchive'));

Setting Patterns via Methods

// Set pattern via method
$route = RouteRecord::get('product.show', '/products/[sku]', 'showProduct')
    ->withToken('sku', '[A-Z]{3}-\d{4}');

// Multiple patterns
$route = RouteRecord::get('complex.route', '/app/[locale]/[category]/[item]', 'handler')
    ->withTokens([
        'locale' => '[a-z]{2}(_[A-Z]{2})?',
        'category' => '[a-z0-9-]+', 
        'item' => '\d+'
    ]);

Pattern Priority

Patterns are applied in the following priority order (highest to lowest):

Inline patterns in route: [id:\d+]
Method patterns: ->withToken('id', '\d+')
Group patterns: $group->setTokens(['id' => '\d+'])
Predefined patterns: from table above
Default pattern: [^\/]+ (any characters except slash)

Default Values

$route = RouteRecord::get('posts', '/posts/[?page]', 'listPosts')
    ->withDefaults([
        'page' => '1'
    ]);

// Single value
$route = $route->withDefaultValue('page', '1');

Route Groups

Groups allow organizing related routes with common settings:

// Create group
$apiGroup = $routes->group('api', '/api/v1');

// Add routes to group
$apiGroup->get('users.index', '/users', UsersController::class);
$apiGroup->post('users.store', '/users', 'UsersController::store');
$apiGroup->get('users.show', '/users/[id]', 'UsersController::show');

// Resulting routes:
// api.users.index -> GET /api/v1/users
// api.users.store -> POST /api/v1/users  
// api.users.show -> GET /api/v1/users/[id]

Group Configuration

// Middleware for entire group
$apiGroup->addMiddleware(AuthMiddleware::class)
         ->addMiddleware(RateLimitMiddleware::class);

// Patterns for entire group
$apiGroup->setTokens([
    'id' => '\d+',
    'slug' => '[a-z0-9-]+',
    'locale' => '[a-z]{2}'
]);

// Replace entire middleware stack
$apiGroup->setMiddleware([
    CorsMiddleware::class,
    AuthMiddleware::class,
    LoggingMiddleware::class
]);

URL Generation

// Simple generation
echo $router->generate('users.show', ['id' => 123]);
// Result: /users/123

// With optional parameters
echo $router->generate('posts.index', ['page' => 2]);
// Result: /posts/2

echo $router->generate('posts.index'); // optional parameter omitted
// Result: /posts

// Complex parameters
echo $router->generate('blog.post', [
    'year' => 2024,
    'month' => 3,
    'slug' => 'new-article'
]);
// Result: /blog/2024/3/new-article

PSR-15 Middleware Integration

Basic Setup

use Bermuda\Router\Middleware\{MatchRouteMiddleware, DispatchRouteMiddleware, RouteNotFoundHandler};
use Bermuda\Pipeline\Pipeline;
use Bermuda\MiddlewareFactory\MiddlewareFactory;

$pipeline = new Pipeline();
$factory = new MiddlewareFactory($container, $responseFactory);

// Middleware for route matching
$pipeline->pipe($factory->makeMiddleware(MatchRouteMiddleware::class));

// Create 404 handler
$notFoundHandler = new RouteNotFoundHandler($responseFactory);

// Middleware for route execution with fallback handler
$pipeline->pipe(new DispatchRouteMiddleware($notFoundHandler));

$response = $pipeline->handle($request);

Using RouteNotFoundHandler

RouteNotFoundHandler handles requests for non-existent routes and can work in two modes:

use Bermuda\Router\Middleware\RouteNotFoundHandler;

// JSON response mode (default)
$notFoundHandler = new RouteNotFoundHandler(
    $responseFactory,
    exceptionMode: false,
    customMessage: 'Requested resource not found'
);

// Example JSON response:
// {
//     "error": "Not Found",
//     "code": 404,
//     "message": "Requested resource not found",
//     "path": "/api/users/999",
//     "method": "GET",
//     "timestamp": "2024-12-25T10:30:00+00:00"
// }

// Exception mode
$notFoundHandler = new RouteNotFoundHandler(
    $responseFactory,
    exceptionMode: true // will throw RouteNotFoundException
);

// Dynamic mode switching via request attributes
$request = $notFoundHandler->withExceptionModeAttribute($request, true);

// Check current mode
$isExceptionMode = $notFoundHandler->getExceptionMode($request);

Integration in Middleware Pipeline

use Bermuda\Router\Middleware\{MatchRouteMiddleware, DispatchRouteMiddleware, RouteNotFoundHandler};

$pipeline = new Pipeline();

// 1. Try to find route
$pipeline->pipe(new MatchRouteMiddleware($middlewareFactory, $router));

// 2. Create 404 handler
$notFoundHandler = new RouteNotFoundHandler(
    $responseFactory, 
    exceptionMode: false,
    customMessage: 'API endpoint not found'
);

// 3. Execute found route or handle 404
$pipeline->pipe(new DispatchRouteMiddleware($notFoundHandler));

// Process request
$response = $pipeline->handle($request);

// With exceptionMode: true - exception handling
$notFoundHandler = new RouteNotFoundHandler($responseFactory, exceptionMode: true);
$pipeline->pipe(new DispatchRouteMiddleware($notFoundHandler));

try {
    $response = $pipeline->handle($request);
} catch (RouteNotFoundException $e) {
    // Custom exception handling (only works with exceptionMode: true)
    $response = new JsonResponse([
        'error' => 'Route not found',
        'path' => $e->path,
        'method' => $e->requestMethod
    ], 404);
}

// With exceptionMode: false (default) - automatic JSON response
$notFoundHandler = new RouteNotFoundHandler($responseFactory, exceptionMode: false);
$pipeline->pipe(new DispatchRouteMiddleware($notFoundHandler));

$response = $pipeline->handle($request);
// If route not found, RouteNotFoundHandler automatically returns JSON:
// HTTP 404 Not Found
// Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
// {
//     "error": "Not Found",
//     "code": 404,
//     "message": "The requested endpoint was not found.",
//     "path": "/api/users/999",
//     "method": "GET", 
//     "timestamp": "2024-12-25T10:30:00+00:00"
// }

Accessing Route Data in Controllers

use Bermuda\Router\Middleware\RouteMiddleware;

class UserController
{
    public function show(ServerRequestInterface $request): ResponseInterface
    {
        // Get route data
        $routeMiddleware = RouteMiddleware::fromRequest($request);
        $route = $routeMiddleware->route;
        
        // Access parameters
        $userId = $request->getAttribute('id');
        // or
        $userId = $route->parameters->get('id');
        
        // Route information
        $routeName = $route->name;
        $routePath = $route->path;
        
        return new JsonResponse(['user_id' => $userId]);
    }
}

Route Locators

For loading routes from configuration files:

Locator Setup

use Bermuda\Router\Locator\RouteLocator;

$locator = new RouteLocator(
    filename: '/app/config/routes.php',
    context: [
        'app' => $application,
        'container' => $container,
        'config' => $config
    ],
    useCache: $_ENV['APP_ENV'] === 'production'
);

$routes = $locator->getRoutes();

Routes File

// /app/config/routes.php

/** @var Routes $routes */
/** @var Application $app */
/** @var ContainerInterface $container */

// Simple routes
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('home', '/', HomeController::class));

// Groups
$apiGroup = $routes->group('api', '/api/v1');
$apiGroup->addMiddleware(CorsMiddleware::class);

$apiGroup->get('users.index', '/users', function() use ($app) {
    return $app->getUsers();
});

$apiGroup->post('users.store', '/users', function($request) use ($container) {
    $service = $container->get(UserService::class);
    return $service->create($request->getParsedBody());
});

PHP Attribute-based Route Location

The library supports automatic route discovery through PHP attributes on controller methods. This allows defining routes declaratively, right next to handlers.

Installation

Attribute support requires an additional package:

composer require bermudaphp/attribute-locator

Route Attribute

The #[Route] attribute allows defining routes directly on controller methods:

use Bermuda\Router\Attribute\Route;

class UserController
{
    #[Route('users.index', '/users', 'GET')]
    public function index(): ResponseInterface
    {
        // Get user list
        return new JsonResponse($this->userService->getAll());
    }

    #[Route('users.show', '/users/[id]', 'GET')]
    public function show(ServerRequestInterface $request): ResponseInterface
    {
        $id = $request->getAttribute('id');
        return new JsonResponse($this->userService->getById($id));
    }

    #[Route('users.store', '/users', 'POST', middleware: ['auth', 'validation'])]
    public function store(ServerRequestInterface $request): ResponseInterface
    {
        $data = $request->getParsedBody();
        $user = $this->userService->create($data);
        return new JsonResponse($user, 201);
    }

    #[Route('users.update', '/users/[id]', 'PUT|PATCH', group: 'api')]
    public function update(ServerRequestInterface $request): ResponseInterface
    {
        $id = $request->getAttribute('id');
        $data = $request->getParsedBody();
        $user = $this->userService->update($id, $data);
        return new JsonResponse($user);
    }

    #[Route('users.destroy', '/users/[id]', 'DELETE', priority: 10)]
    public function destroy(ServerRequestInterface $request): ResponseInterface
    {
        $id = $request->getAttribute('id');
        $this->userService->delete($id);
        return new JsonResponse(null, 204);
    }
}

Route Attribute Parameters

Parameter	Type	Description	Example
`name`	`string`	Unique route name	`'users.show'`
`path`	`string`	URL pattern with parameters	`'/users/[id]'`
`methods`	`string\|array`	HTTP methods (string or array)	`'GET'`, `'PUT\|PATCH'`, `['GET', 'POST']`
`middleware`	`array`	Middleware array for route	`['auth', 'validation']`
`group`	`string`	Route group name	`'api'`
`priority`	`int`	Route priority (higher = earlier)	`10`
`defaults`	`array`	Default parameter values	`['format' => 'json']`

AttributeRouteLocator Setup

AttributeRouteLocator works as a decorator for existing route locators:

use Bermuda\Router\Locator\{RouteLocator, AttributeRouteLocator};

// Base locator (file-based or any other)
$baseLocator = new RouteLocator('/app/config/routes.php');

// Decorate with attribute locator
$attributeLocator = new AttributeRouteLocator($baseLocator);

// Pass context (if needed)
$attributeLocator->setContext([
    'container' => $container,
    'config' => $config
]);

// Get all routes (file + attributes)
$routes = $attributeLocator->getRoutes();
$router = Router::fromDnf($routes);

ClassFinder Integration

For automatic controller discovery with attributes, ClassFinder is used (already included in dependencies):

📋 Detailed documentation: bermudaphp/finder | Russian Guide

use Bermuda\ClassFinder\{ClassFinder, ClassNotifier};
use Bermuda\Router\Locator\AttributeRouteLocator;
use Bermuda\Router\Attribute\Route;

// Create locator
$baseLocator = new RouteLocator('/app/config/routes.php');
$attributeLocator = new AttributeRouteLocator($baseLocator);

// Find all classes in controllers directory
$finder = new ClassFinder();
$classes = $finder->find('src/Controllers/');

// Notify locator about found classes (locator filters classes with Route attributes)
$notifier = new ClassNotifier([$attributeLocator]);
$notifier->notify($classes);

// Get all routes
$routes = $attributeLocator->getRoutes();
$router = Router::fromDnf($routes);

Full Application Integration

use Bermuda\ClassFinder\{ClassFinder, ClassNotifier};
use Bermuda\Router\Locator\{RouteLocator, AttributeRouteLocator};
use Bermuda\Router\Attribute\Route;

// 1. Create base locator
$baseLocator = new RouteLocator(
    filename: '/app/config/routes.php',
    useCache: $_ENV['APP_ENV'] === 'production'
);

// 2. Create attribute locator as decorator
$attributeLocator = new AttributeRouteLocator($baseLocator);
$attributeLocator->setContext(['app' => $app, 'container' => $container]);

// 3. Find classes in various directories with exclusions
$finder = new ClassFinder();

$controllerClasses = $finder->find(
    paths: [
        'src/Controllers/',     // Main controllers
        'src/Api/',             // API controllers
        'app/Http/Controllers/' // Legacy controllers
    ],
    exclude: ['src/Api/products'] // Exclude specific directory
);

// 4. Notify locator about found classes
// ClassFinder finds all classes in specified directories,
// then AttributeRouteLocator scans class methods for Route attributes
// and registers found methods as route handlers
$notifier = new ClassNotifier([$attributeLocator]);
$notifier->notify($controllerClasses);

// 5. Get all routes and create router
$routes = $attributeLocator->getRoutes();
$router = Router::fromDnf($routes);

// 6. Use in middleware pipeline
$pipeline = new Pipeline();
$pipeline->pipe(new MatchRouteMiddleware($middlewareFactory, $router));
$pipeline->pipe(new DispatchRouteMiddleware($notFoundHandler));

$response = $pipeline->handle($request);

Groups via Attributes

⚠️ Important: Route groups must be predefined in code (e.g., in base locator's routes file), otherwise RouterException will be thrown.

// First define groups in base locator's routes.php file
/** @var Routes $routes */
$apiGroup = $routes->group('api', '/api');
$adminGroup = $routes->group('admin', '/admin');

// Now you can use these groups in attributes
class ApiController
{
    #[Route('api.users.index', '/users', 'GET', group: 'api')]
    public function getUsers(): ResponseInterface 
    {
        return new JsonResponse($this->userService->getAll());
    }

    #[Route('api.users.store', '/users', 'POST', group: 'api', middleware: ['auth'])]
    public function createUser(ServerRequestInterface $request): ResponseInterface 
    {
        $data = $request->getParsedBody();
        $user = $this->userService->create($data);
        return new JsonResponse($user, 201);
    }
}

// Group configuration can be added after route loading
$routes = $attributeLocator->getRoutes();

// Configure 'api' group after loading routes
$apiGroup = $routes->group('api');
$apiGroup->addMiddleware(CorsMiddleware::class);
$apiGroup->setTokens(['id' => '\d+']);

Route Priorities

Priorities determine the order of route checking when matching requests. Routes with higher priority are checked first.

Priority Rules:

Default priority = 0
Higher number = higher priority
Routes are sorted by descending priority (100, 50, 10, 0, -10)
Order not guaranteed for same priority

When to use priorities:

Special routes should be checked before general ones
Specific patterns — before wide catch-all routes
API versioning with fallback to older versions

class RouteController  
{
    // Highest priority - special handling
    #[Route('admin.special', '/admin/special/action', 'POST', priority: 100)]
    public function specialAdminAction(): ResponseInterface 
    {
        return new JsonResponse(['action' => 'special']);
    }

    // High priority - specific route
    #[Route('user.profile', '/users/profile', 'GET', priority: 50)]
    public function userProfile(): ResponseInterface 
    {
        return new JsonResponse(['page' => 'profile']);
    }

    // Medium priority - route with parameter
    #[Route('user.show', '/users/[id]', 'GET', priority: 10)]
    public function showUser(): ResponseInterface 
    {
        return new JsonResponse(['type' => 'user']);
    }

    // Normal priority - general route
    #[Route('users.list', '/users', 'GET', priority: 0)]
    public function listUsers(): ResponseInterface 
    {
        return new JsonResponse(['type' => 'list']);
    }

    // Low priority - catch-all route (checked last)
    #[Route('catch.all', '/[path:.*]', 'GET', priority: -10)]
    public function catchAll(): ResponseInterface 
    {
        return new JsonResponse(['type' => 'fallback']);
    }
}

Priority example for API versioning:

class ApiController
{
    // v2 API - high priority
    #[Route('api.v2.users', '/api/v2/users/[id]', 'GET', priority: 20)]
    public function getUserV2(): ResponseInterface 
    {
        return new JsonResponse(['version' => 'v2', 'features' => ['new_field']]);
    }

    // v1 API - medium priority  
    #[Route('api.v1.users', '/api/v1/users/[id]', 'GET', priority: 10)]
    public function getUserV1(): ResponseInterface 
    {
        return new JsonResponse(['version' => 'v1']);
    }

    // Fallback to v1 for requests without version - low priority
    #[Route('api.users.fallback', '/api/users/[id]', 'GET', priority: 0)]
    public function getUserFallback(): ResponseInterface 
    {
        // Redirect to v1
        return new JsonResponse(['version' => 'v1', 'deprecated' => true]);
    }
}

Regular routes vs attribute routes:

Attribute routes: priority determined by priority parameter
Regular routes: priority determined by addition order (first added = highest priority)

// Regular routes - addition order determines priority
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('special', '/api/special', 'handler1')); // Checked first
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('generic', '/api/[path:.*]', 'handler2')); // Checked second

// Attribute routes - use priority parameter
#[Route('high', '/api/high', 'GET', priority: 100)]    // Checked first
#[Route('low', '/api/low', 'GET', priority: 0)]        // Checked second

Accessing Route Handler

RouteRecord provides convenient access to various route components:

// Create route with middleware
$route = RouteRecord::get('users.show', '/users/[id]', UserController::class)
    ->withMiddlewares([AuthMiddleware::class, ValidationMiddleware::class]);

// Access full pipeline (middleware + handler)
$fullPipeline = $route->pipeline; // [AuthMiddleware::class, ValidationMiddleware::class, UserController::class]

// Access middleware only
$middleware = $route->middleware; // [AuthMiddleware::class, ValidationMiddleware::class]

// Access main handler
$handler = $route->handler; // UserController::class

Route Caching

For improved performance in production:

Creating Cache

use Bermuda\Router\CacheFileProvider;

// Setup routes
$routes = new Routes();
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('home', '/', 'HomeController'));
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('users.show', '/users/[id]', 'UsersController::show'));

// Create cache
$cacheProvider = new CacheFileProvider('/path/to/cache');
$routeData = $routes->toArray();

$cacheProvider->writeFile('routes', $routeData);

Using Cache

use Bermuda\Router\RoutesCache;

// Load cached routes
$cacheProvider = new CacheFileProvider('/path/to/cache');
$cachedData = $cacheProvider->readFile('routes');

$routes = new RoutesCache($cachedData);
$router = Router::fromDnf($routes);

Cache with Context for Closures

When routes use closures with external variables (via use), these variables must be available when loading cached routes. Context allows passing necessary objects and data to the cached file scope.

// When creating routes with closures
$app = new Application();
$db = new Database();

$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('users.index', '/users', 
    function() use ($app, $db) {
        return $app->respond($db->users()->all());
    }
));

// Save cache with context
$cacheProvider->writeFile('routes', $routes->toArray(), [
    'app' => $app,
    'db' => $db
]);

// Load with context - variables $app and $db will be available in cached file
$cachedData = $cacheProvider->readFile('routes');
$routes = new RoutesCache($cachedData);

Caching Limitations

The caching system has the following limitations:

❌ What cannot be cached

// 1. Objects as handlers
$controller = new UserController();
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('users', '/users', $controller)); // Not cached

// 2. Closures with objects in use (without context)
$service = new UserService();
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('users', '/users', 
    function() use ($service) { 
        return $service->getUsers();
    }
)); // Handler will be cached, but error will occur due to missing context // Undefined variable $service

// 3. Anonymous classes
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('test', '/test', new class {
    public function handle() { return 'test'; }
})); // Anonymous class not cached

✅ What can be cached

// 1. Strings (class and method names)
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('users', '/users', 'UserController'));
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('posts', '/posts', 'PostController::index'));

// 2. Arrays with class/method names
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('api', '/api', ['ApiController', 'handle']));

// 3. Scalar values in context
$routes->addRoute(RouteRecord::get('config', '/config',
    function() use ($appName, $version) { // $appName and $version - strings/numbers
        return ['app' => $appName, 'version' => $version];
    }
));

💡 Recommendations

Use string handlers in production for maximum cache compatibility
Pass contextual data if using use in closure handlers

Most preferred handler type - class name MyHandler::class or class and method combination MyHandler::handle

Error Handling

Exception Types

use Bermuda\Router\Exception\{
    RouterException,
    RouteNotFoundException, 
    RouteNotRegisteredException,
    GeneratorException,
    MatchException
};

try {
    $route = $router->match($uri, $method);
    $url = $router->generate('nonexistent.route', ['id' => 123]);
} catch (RouteNotFoundException $e) {
    // 404 - route not found
    echo "Path not found: $e->path [$e->requestMethod]";
} catch (RouteNotRegisteredException $e) {
    // 500 - route not registered 
    echo "Route '$e->routeName' not registered";
} catch (GeneratorException $e) {
    // 400 - URL generation error
    echo "URL generation error: " . $e->getMessage();
} catch (MatchException $e) {
    // Pattern matching error
    echo "Matching error: $e->pattern for $e->path";
} catch (RouterException $e) {
    // General router errors
    echo "Router error: " . $e->getMessage();
}

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 592 Commits
.github/workflows		.github/workflows
src		src
tests		tests
.gitattributes		.gitattributes
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.RU.md		README.RU.md
README.md		README.md
composer.json		composer.json
phpunit.xml		phpunit.xml

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bermudaphp/router

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Bermuda Router

Table of Contents

Installation

Quick Start

Creating Routes

HTTP Verb Helper Methods

Using RouteBuilder

Route Parameters

Basic Parameters

Predefined Patterns

Custom Patterns

Inline Patterns

Setting Patterns via Methods

Pattern Priority

Default Values

Route Groups

Group Configuration

URL Generation

PSR-15 Middleware Integration

Basic Setup

Using RouteNotFoundHandler

Integration in Middleware Pipeline

Accessing Route Data in Controllers

Route Locators

Locator Setup

Routes File

PHP Attribute-based Route Location

Installation

Route Attribute

Route Attribute Parameters

AttributeRouteLocator Setup

ClassFinder Integration

Full Application Integration

Groups via Attributes

Route Priorities

Accessing Route Handler

Route Caching

Creating Cache

Using Cache

Cache with Context for Closures

Caching Limitations

❌ What cannot be cached

✅ What can be cached

💡 Recommendations

Error Handling

Exception Types

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