Run all tests on PCIe kernel #5300

Manciukic · 2025-07-09T13:07:34Z

Changes

Move the PCI configuration to the VM factory so that we can have uvm_plain* fixtures also run the tests on PCIe kernels. Also cleanup some places where the uvm_plain was simpler.

Reason

Not all tests were running on PCIe, hiding some issues

License Acceptance

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under
the terms of the Apache 2.0 license. For more information on following Developer
Certificate of Origin and signing off your commits, please check
CONTRIBUTING.md.

PR Checklist

I have read and understand CONTRIBUTING.md.
I have run tools/devtool checkstyle to verify that the PR passes the
automated style checks.
I have described what is done in these changes, why they are needed, and
how they are solving the problem in a clear and encompassing way.
I have updated any relevant documentation (both in code and in the docs)
in the PR.
I have mentioned all user-facing changes in CHANGELOG.md.
If a specific issue led to this PR, this PR closes the issue.
When making API changes, I have followed the
Runbook for Firecracker API changes.
I have tested all new and changed functionalities in unit tests and/or
integration tests.
I have linked an issue to every new TODO.

This functionality cannot be added in rust-vmm.

This is just code organization changes. Create a new module under `virtio`, called `transport`. For the time being the only transport supported is `mmio`. Also, move `IrqInterrupt` type within the MMIO transport code, as it is MMIO specific. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

`IrqTrigger::new()` returns a `Result` because creating an `EventFd` might fail with an `std::io::Error` error. All users of `IrqTrigger` create the object and directly unwrap the error. To avoid unwraps all over the place, change `IrqTrigger::new()` to unwrap a potential error while creating the EventFd internally and just return `Self`. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

The MMIO transport for VirtIO devices uses an `IrqTrigger` object as the object that models the logic for sending interrupts from the device to the guest. We create one such object for every VirtIO device when creating it. The MMIO device manager associates this object with an IRQ number and registers it with KVM. This commit changes the timing of association of an `IrqTrigger` with a VirtIO-mmio device. It only assigns such an object to the device during its activation. We do this to prepare for supporting a PCI transport for VirtIO devices. The cloud hypervisor implementation for these passes the interrupt objects used by the device during activation, so we make this change to have a uniform way to handle interrupts for both transports. Functionally, nothing changes for MMIO devices, as before activation we don't trigger any interrupts. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Describing the APIs that need to implement types that are used as interrupts for VirtIO devices. Currently, we only use `IrqInterrupt` interrupts, but this will change once we have MSI-X with PCIe devices. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

VirtIO devices assume they're operating under an MMIO transport and as a consequence they use IrqTrigger as interrupts. Switch that to using VirtioInterrupt for all VirtIO device objects. Only assume a VirtioInterrupt is an IrqTrigger in MMIO specific code. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Bring in the vm-device crate from CloudHypervisor. We will be using it for adding PCIe support. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

We use `SerialDevice` with Stdin as the input source. Encode this in the type so that we don't spill the generic all over the place. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es> Co-authored-by: Egor Lazarchuk <yegorlz@amazon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Egor Lazarchuk <yegorlz@amazon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Use the vm_device::Bus bus for all MMIO devices. This is mainly to prepare for using it for PCIe devices. Also, sepate VirtIO devices from other MMIO devices inside the MMIODeviceManager struct. This makes iterating over VirtIO devices easier since we don't need to access two data structures to get a reference to a VirtIO device any more. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

We were always constructing RTCDevice using a set of metrics that were defined in the RTC module itself. Don't leak the metrics to other modules. Instead, create a new() function that always constructs it the correct way. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Use the vm_device::Bus bus for PortIO devices on x86. PCIe devices will use this as well. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

PCIe spec mandates that software can access the configuration space of PCIe devices both via MMIO and Port IO accesses. As a result, PCIe devices will need to register to both buses (on x86). Change the organization of devices, so that MMIO and PIO device managers do not own the buses. Instead, introduce a DeviceManager object which holds the buses, the resource allocator and includes also all types of device managers (at the moment MMIO, PIO and ACPI). Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

We always create anew the keyboard interrupt event. Just create it inside `I8042Device::new()` and return an error if that fails. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

test_serial_dos test checks that when we send a lot of bytes in the serial device the emulation logic does not increase indefinitely the underlying buffer that we use for when the device is set in loopback mode. However, the test does not wait for the microVM to start and sometimes the virtual memory allocation may increase between readings. Add a network device to the microVM so that we implicitly wait until it has booted before taking the first measurement. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Bring in pci crate from cloud hypervisor with a few modifications. We use the rust-vmm vm-allocator crate instead of Cloud Hypervisor's downstream one. For the time being, rust-vmm's implementation should include all we need for supporting the devices we care about. If we need more functionality from our allocators, we will implement the logic directly in the rust-vmm vm-allocator crate. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

PCIe distinguishes MMIO regions between 32bit and 64bit, caring for devices that can't deal with 64-bit addresses. This commit defines the appropriate regions for both x86 and aarch64 architectures, extends the resource allocator to handle allocations for both of these regions and adjusts the logic that calculates the memory regions for the architecture. Also, un-do the change that added an `offset` argument `arch_memory_regions` function. We won't be using this for "secret hiding" so it just made the logic (especially for kani proofs) too convoluted. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

PCIe devices need some times to relocate themselves in memory. To do so, they need to keep an (atomic) reference to a type that implements `DeviceRelocation` trait. The logic for relocation involves removing the device from the bus it has been registered to, allocate a new address range for it and reinsert it. Instead of creating a new type for it, reuse `ResourceAllocator`. This means that we need to move the buses from the `DeviceManager` inside `ResourceAllocator`. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Add a PCIe segment which includes a single PCIe root port and a bus. At the moment, the PCIe segment is always enabled. Later commit will make it optional and enable it only when a command line argument flag is passed to Firecracker binary. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

So that we can declare which memory region is used by PCIe devices for MMCONFIG. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Write the PCI root bridge in FDT when PCI is enabled. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Add a command line argument to enable PCIe support. By default, PCIe is disabled. The reason for making PCIe off by default is that users need to explicitly enable PCI support in their kernels. Requiring users to explicitly enable it, does not break existing deployments, i.e. users can upgrade Firecracker within their existing environments without breaking any deployment. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

At the moment, the logic just restores the device manager and add the PCIe root complex if PCI is enabled. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Add an integration test that checks that `lspci` correctly locates the PCIe root complex if PCI is enabled for the microVM. Also, add a negative test that checks that PCIe root complex doesn't exist when PCI is not enabled. Also, extend coverage of, at least some of, the tests to ensure that they run with and without PCI configuration enabled. Do that by extending the `uvm_any*` fixtures to yield both variants. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

PCI-enabled guest kernels enable the `extd_apicid` CPU feature for AMD CPU families after 16h. Our supported AMD families (Milan & Genoa) are both 19h. This is irrespective of whether PCI is enabled in Firecracker. Do not mark this as host-only when running with PCI enabled kernels, i.e. all kernels that support ACPI. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

We have some Rust integration tests that check building and booting of microVMs works correctly. Add variants for PCI-enabled microVMs. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Tests test_spectre_meltdown_checker_on_guest and test_check_vulnerability_files_ab run A/B tests between the HEAD of the target branch and the tip of a PR branch. This will currently fail, because Firecracker builds from the HEAD of the target branch know nothing about the `--enable-pci` command line flag, so launching the Firecracker binary for revision A will fail. Only run these tests for non-PCI uVMs for now. Once this commit gets merged we will re-enable and make sure that everything works as expected. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

1. build the kernel with PCI/e support. 2. fix a race condition between udev renaming the network devices and fcnet setting up the network interfaces 3. install pciutils on the image Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com> Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

I've rebuilt the CI artifacts for the new development version. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com> Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

The memory monitor was only assuming a single MMIO gap on x86_64 when calculating the memory regions that corresponded to guest memory. Now we need to account for two MMIO gaps in x86 and one in ARM. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

When we re-arranged the MMIO address space in commit 9a165d1 (arch: define 64-bit capable MMIO memory regions) we moved the MMIO region of the boot timer device for x86 systems, but we didn't update the init scripts that hardcode it and use it to report boot time timestamp back to Firecracker. Update the init.c and initramfs values for the region. Also, add a functional test that runs during CI PR tests and makes sure the boot timer works. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Commit be5a600 (tests: fix MMIO gaps in memory monitor tool) that fixed the memory monitor to account for the 64-bit MMIO region included a left-over debug print. Remove it. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Add support for ITS device which provides support for MSI interrupts on ARM architecture. This is currently supported only on systems with GICv3 interrupt controller. In order to make saving/restore of ITS state work properly, we need to change the order in which we restore redistributor register GICR_CTLR. We need to make sure that this register is restored last. Otherwise, restoring GICR_PROPBASER doesn't have any effect and ITS depends on it in order to save/restore ITS tables to/from guest memory. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Refactor the test code that inserts VirtIO devices in a Vmm object and then add a test which creates a Vmm with PCI devices and then serializes and deserializes the device manager and ensures that everything is as restored as expected. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Use pci_enabled fixture for boot time, block, and network tests to create PCI microVM variants as well. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

We only pass pci=off if PCI is disabled in Firecracker. Adapt tests and comments to reflect that. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

So that we don't have to downcast VirtioDevice trait objects to the actual device type before calling the logic to process events for each device. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Instead of storing internal allocators of ResourceAllocator within an Arc<Mutex<>> container, just store `ResourceAllocator` itself in an `Arc<Mutex<>>`. Apart from that, we get rid of the `ResourceAllocatorState` state object, and just clone `ResourceAllocator` itself when we want to save/restore. Also, make the creation of `ResourceAllocato` infallible, since we know that the ranges we are using are correct. Finally, fix saving/restoring the state of ResourceAllocator. We were actually not resetting it correctly upon snapshot restore. The reason why this was not a problem is that we don't actually need to perform any new allocations post restore at the moment. However, like this we are ready when we need to perform any hot-plugging operations. Also, add a unit-test to ensure that this logic works correctly. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

We were confusing queue indexex with event indexes, when passing the index of the queue that needed to be triggered after handling events. Fix the logic to pass the correct index. This refactors a bit the code to signal the queues in each event handler method. With MMIO we don't need to signal each queue independently (one signal will cause the guest to scan all queues). With PCI though, we are using MSI-X, so we need to signal each queue independently. Also, change vsock functional integration tests to also run for PCI-enabled microVMs. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

Correctly handle invalid Bdf by returning an error to the deserializer. This bug was caught by the fuzzer. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

Add some unit tests to cover PciBdf parsing, conversion, and (de)serialization. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

codecov · 2025-07-09T13:16:37Z

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 30.26316% with 53 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 80.16%. Comparing base (e8c599c) to head (f1dd2b4).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/vmm/src/device_manager/mod.rs	0.00%	21 Missing ⚠️
src/vmm/src/lib.rs	0.00%	16 Missing ⚠️
src/vmm/src/persist.rs	0.00%	16 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##           feature/pcie    #5300      +/-   ##
================================================
- Coverage         80.20%   80.16%   -0.05%     
================================================
  Files               265      265              
  Lines             30832    30867      +35     
================================================
+ Hits              24730    24745      +15     
- Misses             6102     6122      +20

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The vmm was only checking the mmio device manager for finding the device to update. Use the generic device manager instead. Also update unit tests that expect a specific string. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

The code managing the balloon logic is only looking at the mmio device manager. Make it use the generic device manager to find the device. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

The device rename wasn't working on PCI devices because the code only checked the MMIO state. Fix the bug by looking for the device to rename in both the mmio and pci states. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

Currently, we're limited to 24 GSI lines, which is too little for PCI devices. Keep the current ranges as "legacy IRQ", and create a new range for "GSI" that goes up to the kvm theoretical maximum of 4096 lines. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

Tell systemd not to use "predictable names" for network devices (eg enp0s1), but keep the ethN set by the kernel. This is equivalent to passing net.ifnames=0 to the kernel command line. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

pci=off is just an optimization to skip the probing, it shouldn't matter to the functionality of the tests. Dropping it to allow them to run with PCI. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

Move the PCI configuration to the VM factory so that we can have uvm_plain* fixtures also run the tests on PCIe kernels. Also cleanup some places where the uvm_plain was simpler. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

This patch makes 2 changes to make the test work on PCI: - simplify logic to find device address to be generic irrespective of ACPI/no-ACPI, PCI/no-PCI - move config offset from within the C program to the python test, as it's different between MMIO (0x100) and PCI (0x4000) Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

bchalios and others added 30 commits July 4, 2025 10:40

vm-device: add vm-device crate to repo

a4e4021

Bring in the vm-device crate from CloudHypervisor. We will be using it for adding PCIe support. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

refactor: use vm_device::Bus for IO bus

ee8c804

Use the vm_device::Bus bus for PortIO devices on x86. PCIe devices will use this as well. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

refactor: simplify creation of I8042 device

7266b4b

We always create anew the keyboard interrupt event. Just create it inside `I8042Device::new()` and return an error if that fails. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

pci: add support for ACPI MCFG table

a95316f

So that we can declare which memory region is used by PCIe devices for MMCONFIG. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

pci: define PCI segment in FDT

19e0788

Write the PCI root bridge in FDT when PCI is enabled. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

pci: add support for snapshotting PCI devices

0d3975c

At the moment, the logic just restores the device manager and add the PCIe root complex if PCI is enabled. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

test: add Rust integration tests for PCI-enabled uVMs

4305fb7

We have some Rust integration tests that check building and booting of microVMs works correctly. Add variants for PCI-enabled microVMs. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

chore(pcie): update artifacts to 1.13

d6477fd

I've rebuilt the CI artifacts for the new development version. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com> Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

test: remove logging from memory monitor

d235beb

Commit be5a600 (tests: fix MMIO gaps in memory monitor tool) that fixed the memory monitor to account for the 64-bit MMIO region included a left-over debug print. Remove it. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

bchalios and others added 9 commits July 4, 2025 10:40

test: enable PCI microVMs for performance testing

0b68f8f

Use pci_enabled fixture for boot time, block, and network tests to create PCI microVM variants as well. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

test: remove pci=off default from various parts in tests

f9f0c08

We only pass pci=off if PCI is disabled in Firecracker. Adapt tests and comments to reflect that. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

virtio: add kick() method in VirtioDevice trait

d9fc9e0

So that we don't have to downcast VirtioDevice trait objects to the actual device type before calling the logic to process events for each device. Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <bchalios@amazon.es>

fix(pci): do not panic on invalid BDF during deserialization

818b9a8

Correctly handle invalid Bdf by returning an error to the deserializer. This bug was caught by the fuzzer. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

test(pci): add unit tests for Bdf

e8c599c

Add some unit tests to cover PciBdf parsing, conversion, and (de)serialization. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

Manciukic force-pushed the pcie/run-all-tests-on-pcie branch 3 times, most recently from a9e4ff3 to 3b558a7 Compare July 9, 2025 13:58

fix(vmm): fix patch of pci devices

557f6e2

The vmm was only checking the mmio device manager for finding the device to update. Use the generic device manager instead. Also update unit tests that expect a specific string. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

Manciukic force-pushed the pcie/run-all-tests-on-pcie branch 2 times, most recently from be2d3c9 to c894a33 Compare July 9, 2025 14:15

fix(balloon): fix balloon not found when pci is enabled

78a04f1

The code managing the balloon logic is only looking at the mmio device manager. Make it use the generic device manager to find the device. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

Manciukic force-pushed the pcie/run-all-tests-on-pcie branch 2 times, most recently from 9f992ac to fcaff05 Compare July 9, 2025 16:26

Manciukic mentioned this pull request Jul 10, 2025

Allow for more MSIs for PCI devices #5299

Closed

10 tasks

Manciukic force-pushed the pcie/run-all-tests-on-pcie branch from 1999ba3 to 29ff20e Compare July 10, 2025 11:34

fix(restore): fix net device rename of PCI devices

70d0d17

The device rename wasn't working on PCI devices because the code only checked the MMIO state. Fix the bug by looking for the device to rename in both the mmio and pci states. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

Manciukic force-pushed the pcie/run-all-tests-on-pcie branch from 29ff20e to 104d1e1 Compare July 10, 2025 12:12

Manciukic added 5 commits July 10, 2025 14:29

test(rootfs): disable predictable netif names

4b4dc25

Tell systemd not to use "predictable names" for network devices (eg enp0s1), but keep the ethN set by the kernel. This is equivalent to passing net.ifnames=0 to the kernel command line. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

test(pci): remove pci=off command line from tests

577726f

pci=off is just an optimization to skip the probing, it shouldn't matter to the functionality of the tests. Dropping it to allow them to run with PCI. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

test(pci): parametrize uvm_plain* with pci

628b79a

Move the PCI configuration to the VM factory so that we can have uvm_plain* fixtures also run the tests on PCIe kernels. Also cleanup some places where the uvm_plain was simpler. Signed-off-by: Riccardo Mancini <mancio@amazon.com>

Manciukic force-pushed the pcie/run-all-tests-on-pcie branch from 104d1e1 to f1dd2b4 Compare July 10, 2025 13:33

Manciukic force-pushed the feature/pcie branch from e8c599c to 19f2790 Compare July 11, 2025 12:14

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