Awesome-Efficient-LLM

A curated list for Efficient Large Language Models

Full List

• Network Pruning / Sparsity
• Knowledge Distillation
• Quantization
• Inference Acceleration
• Efficient MOE
• Efficient Architecture of LLM
• KV Cache Compression
• Text Compression
• Low-Rank Decomposition
• Hardware / System / Serving
• Efficient Fine-tuning
• Efficient Training
• Survey or Benchmark
• Reasoning Model

Please check out all the papers by selecting the sub-area you're interested in. On this main page, only papers released in the past 90 days are shown.

🚀 Updates

• April 15, 2025: We have a new curated list for efficient reasoning model!
• May 29, 2024: We've had this awesome list for a year now 🥰!
• Sep 6, 2023: Add a new subdirectory project/ to organize efficient LLM projects.
• July 11, 2023: A new subdirectory efficient_plm/ is created to house papers that are applicable to PLMs.

💮 Contributing

If you'd like to include your paper, or need to update any details such as conference information or code URLs, please feel free to submit a pull request. You can generate the required markdown format for each paper by filling in the information in generate_item.py and execute python generate_item.py. We warmly appreciate your contributions to this list. Alternatively, you can email me with the links to your paper and code, and I would add your paper to the list at my earliest convenience.

⭐ Recommended Paper

For each topic, we have curated a list of recommended papers that have garnered a lot of GitHub stars or citations.

Paper from Sep 30, 2024 - Now (see Full List from May 22, 2023 here)

Quick Link

• Network Pruning / Sparsity
• Knowledge Distillation
• Quantization
• Inference Acceleration
• Efficient MOE
• Efficient Architecture of LLM
• KV Cache Compression
• Text Compression
• Low-Rank Decomposition
• Hardware / System / Serving
• Efficient Fine-tuning
• Efficient Training
• Survey

Network Pruning / Sparsity

Title & Authors	Introduction	Links
⭐ SparseGPT: Massive Language Models Can Be Accurately Pruned in One-Shot Elias Frantar, Dan Alistarh		Github paper
⭐ LLM-Pruner: On the Structural Pruning of Large Language Models Xinyin Ma, Gongfan Fang, Xinchao Wang		Github paper
⭐ A Simple and Effective Pruning Approach for Large Language Models Mingjie Sun, Zhuang Liu, Anna Bair, J. Zico Kolter		Github Paper
⭐ Sheared LLaMA: Accelerating Language Model Pre-training via Structured Pruning Mengzhou Xia, Tianyu Gao, Zhiyuan Zeng, Danqi Chen		Github Paper
⭐ MaskLLM: Learnable Semi-Structured Sparsity for Large Language Models Gongfan Fang, Hongxu Yin, Saurav Muralidharan, Greg Heinrich, Jeff Pool, Jan Kautz, Pavlo Molchanov, Xinchao Wang		Github Paper
Mamba-Shedder: Post-Transformer Compression for Efficient Selective Structured State Space Models Juan Pablo Munoz, Jinjie Yuan, Nilesh Jain		Github Paper
MultiPruner: Balanced Structure Removal in Foundation Models Juan Pablo Munoz, Jinjie Yuan, Nilesh Jain		Github Paper
HashAttention: Semantic Sparsity for Faster Inference Aditya Desai, Shuo Yang, Alejandro Cuadron, Ana Klimovic, Matei Zaharia, Joseph E. Gonzalez, Ion Stoica		Paper
Adaptive Pruning for Large Language Models with Structural Importance Awareness Haotian Zheng, Jinke Ren, Yushan Sun, Ruichen Zhang, Wenbo Zhang, Zhen Li, Dusit Niyato, Shuguang Cui, Yatong Han		Paper
SlimGPT: Layer-wise Structured Pruning for Large Language Models Gui Ling, Ziyang Wang, Yuliang Yan, Qingwen Liu		Paper
Less is More: Towards Green Code Large Language Models via Unified Structural Pruning Guang Yang, Yu Zhou, Xiangyu Zhang, Wei Cheng, Ke Liu, Xiang Chen, Terry Yue Zhuo, Taolue Chen		Paper
Efficient LLM Inference using Dynamic Input Pruning and Cache-Aware Masking Marco Federici, Davide Belli, Mart van Baalen, Amir Jalalirad, Andrii Skliar, Bence Major, Markus Nagel, Paul Whatmough		Paper
Puzzle: Distillation-Based NAS for Inference-Optimized LLMs Akhiad Bercovich, Tomer Ronen, Talor Abramovich, Nir Ailon, Nave Assaf, Mohammad Dabbah et al		Paper
Reassessing Layer Pruning in LLMs: New Insights and Methods Yao Lu, Hao Cheng, Yujie Fang, Zeyu Wang, Jiaheng Wei, Dongwei Xu, Qi Xuan, Xiaoniu Yang, Zhaowei Zhu		Github Paper
Layer Importance and Hallucination Analysis in Large Language Models via Enhanced Activation Variance-Sparsity Zichen Song, Sitan Huang, Yuxin Wu, Zhongfeng Kang		Paper
AmoebaLLM: Constructing Any-Shape Large Language Models for Efficient and Instant Deployment Yonggan Fu, Zhongzhi Yu, Junwei Li, Jiayi Qian, Yongan Zhang, Xiangchi Yuan, Dachuan Shi, Roman Yakunin, Yingyan Celine Lin		Github Paper
Scaling Law for Post-training after Model Pruning Xiaodong Chen, Yuxuan Hu, Jing Zhang, Xiaokang Zhang, Cuiping Li, Hong Chen		Paper
DRPruning: Efficient Large Language Model Pruning through Distributionally Robust Optimization Hexuan Deng, Wenxiang Jiao, Xuebo Liu, Min Zhang, Zhaopeng Tu		Github Paper
Sparsing Law: Towards Large Language Models with Greater Activation Sparsity Yuqi Luo, Chenyang Song, Xu Han, Yingfa Chen, Chaojun Xiao, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun		Github Paper
AVSS: Layer Importance Evaluation in Large Language Models via Activation Variance-Sparsity Analysis Zichen Song, Yuxin Wu, Sitan Huang, Zhongfeng Kang		Paper
Tailored-LLaMA: Optimizing Few-Shot Learning in Pruned LLaMA Models with Task-Specific Prompts Danyal Aftab, Steven Davy		Paper
LLMCBench: Benchmarking Large Language Model Compression for Efficient Deployment Ge Yang, Changyi He, Jinyang Guo, Jianyu Wu, Yifu Ding, Aishan Liu, Haotong Qin, Pengliang Ji, Xianglong Liu		Github Paper
Beyond 2:4: exploring V:N:M sparsity for efficient transformer inference on GPUs Kang Zhao, Tao Yuan, Han Bao, Zhenfeng Su, Chang Gao, Zhaofeng Sun, Zichen Liang, Liping Jing, Jianfei Chen		Paper
EvoPress: Towards Optimal Dynamic Model Compression via Evolutionary Search Oliver Sieberling, Denis Kuznedelev, Eldar Kurtic, Dan Alistarh		Github Paper
FedSpaLLM: Federated Pruning of Large Language Models Guangji Bai, Yijiang Li, Zilinghan Li, Liang Zhao, Kibaek Kim		Paper
Pruning Foundation Models for High Accuracy without Retraining Pu Zhao, Fei Sun, Xuan Shen, Pinrui Yu, Zhenglun Kong, Yanzhi Wang, Xue Lin		Github Paper
Self-calibration for Language Model Quantization and Pruning Miles Williams, George Chrysostomou, Nikolaos Aletras		Paper
Beware of Calibration Data for Pruning Large Language Models Yixin Ji, Yang Xiang, Juntao Li, Qingrong Xia, Ping Li, Xinyu Duan, Zhefeng Wang, Min Zhang		Paper
AlphaPruning: Using Heavy-Tailed Self Regularization Theory for Improved Layer-wise Pruning of Large Language Models Haiquan Lu, Yefan Zhou, Shiwei Liu, Zhangyang Wang, Michael W. Mahoney, Yaoqing Yang		Github Paper
Beyond Linear Approximations: A Novel Pruning Approach for Attention Matrix Yingyu Liang, Jiangxuan Long, Zhenmei Shi, Zhao Song, Yufa Zhou		Paper
DISP-LLM: Dimension-Independent Structural Pruning for Large Language Models Shangqian Gao, Chi-Heng Lin, Ting Hua, Tang Zheng, Yilin Shen, Hongxia Jin, Yen-Chang Hsu		Github Paper
Self-Data Distillation for Recovering Quality in Pruned Large Language Models Vithursan Thangarasa, Ganesh Venkatesh, Nish Sinnadurai, Sean Lie		Paper
LLM-Rank: A Graph Theoretical Approach to Pruning Large Language Models David Hoffmann, Kailash Budhathoki, Matthaeus Kleindessner		Paper
Is C4 Dataset Optimal for Pruning? An Investigation of Calibration Data for LLM Pruning Abhinav Bandari, Lu Yin, Cheng-Yu Hsieh, Ajay Kumar Jaiswal, Tianlong Chen, Li Shen, Ranjay Krishna, Shiwei Liu		Github Paper
Mitigating Copy Bias in In-Context Learning through Neuron Pruning Ameen Ali, Lior Wolf, Ivan Titov		Paper
SQFT: Low-cost Model Adaptation in Low-precision Sparse Foundation Models Juan Pablo Munoz, Jinjie Yuan, Nilesh Jain		Github Paper
The Sparse Frontier: Sparse Attention Trade-offs in Transformer LLMs Piotr Nawrot, Robert Li, Renjie Huang, Sebastian Ruder, Kelly Marchisio, Edoardo M. Ponti		Github Paper
Sparsified State-Space Models are Efficient Highway Networks Woomin Song, Jihoon Tack, Sangwoo Mo, Seunghyuk Oh, Jinwoo Shin		Github Paper

Knowledge Distillation

Title & Authors	Introduction	Links
⭐ Knowledge Distillation of Large Language Models Yuxian Gu, Li Dong, Furu Wei, Minlie Huang		Github Paper
Self-Evolution Knowledge Distillation for LLM-based Machine Translation Yuncheng Song, Liang Ding, Changtong Zan, Shujian Huang		Paper
Large Language Models Compression via Low-Rank Feature Distillation Yaya Sy, Christophe Cerisara, Irina Illina		Paper
Distilling Fine-grained Sentiment Understanding from Large Language Models Yice Zhang, Guangyu Xie, Hongling Xu, Kaiheng Hou, Jianzhu Bao, Qianlong Wang, Shiwei Chen, Ruifeng Xu		Github Paper
Enhancing Knowledge Distillation for LLMs with Response-Priming Prompting Vijay Goyal, Mustafa Khan, Aprameya Tirupati, Harveer Saini, Michael Lam, Kevin Zhu		Github Paper
Improving Mathematical Reasoning Capabilities of Small Language Models via Feedback-Driven Distillation Xunyu Zhu, Jian Li, Can Ma, Weiping Wang		Paper
Generative Prompt Internalization Haebin Shin, Lei Ji, Yeyun Gong, Sungdong Kim, Eunbi Choi, Minjoon Seo		Github Paper
SWITCH: Studying with Teacher for Knowledge Distillation of Large Language Models Jahyun Koo, Yerin Hwang, Yongil Kim, Taegwan Kang, Hyunkyung Bae, Kyomin Jung		Paper
Beyond Autoregression: Fast LLMs via Self-Distillation Through Time Justin Deschenaux, Caglar Gulcehre		Github Paper
Pre-training Distillation for Large Language Models: A Design Space Exploration Hao Peng, Xin Lv, Yushi Bai, Zijun Yao, Jiajie Zhang, Lei Hou, Juanzi Li		Paper
MiniPLM: Knowledge Distillation for Pre-Training Language Models Yuxian Gu, Hao Zhou, Fandong Meng, Jie Zhou, Minlie Huang		Github Paper
Speculative Knowledge Distillation: Bridging the Teacher-Student Gap Through Interleaved Sampling Wenda Xu, Rujun Han, Zifeng Wang, Long T. Le, Dhruv Madeka, Lei Li, William Yang Wang, Rishabh Agarwal, Chen-Yu Lee, Tomas Pfister		Paper
Evolutionary Contrastive Distillation for Language Model Alignment Julian Katz-Samuels, Zheng Li, Hyokun Yun, Priyanka Nigam, Yi Xu, Vaclav Petricek, Bing Yin, Trishul Chilimbi		Paper

Quantization

Title & Authors	Introduction	Links
⭐ GPTQ: Accurate Post-Training Quantization for Generative Pre-trained Transformers Elias Frantar, Saleh Ashkboos, Torsten Hoefler, Dan Alistarh		Github Paper
⭐ SmoothQuant: Accurate and Efficient Post-Training Quantization for Large Language Models Guangxuan Xiao, Ji Lin, Mickael Seznec, Hao Wu, Julien Demouth, Song Han		Github Paper
⭐ AWQ: Activation-aware Weight Quantization for LLM Compression and Acceleration Ji Lin, Jiaming Tang, Haotian Tang, Shang Yang, Xingyu Dang, Song Han		Github Paper
⭐ OmniQuant: Omnidirectionally Calibrated Quantization for Large Language Models Wenqi Shao, Mengzhao Chen, Zhaoyang Zhang, Peng Xu, Lirui Zhao, Zhiqian Li, Kaipeng Zhang, Peng Gao, Yu Qiao, Ping Luo		Github Paper
ResQ: Mixed-Precision Quantization of Large Language Models with Low-Rank Residuals Utkarsh Saxena, Sayeh Sharify, Kaushik Roy, Xin Wang		Github Paper
MixLLM: LLM Quantization with Global Mixed-precision between Output-features and Highly-efficient System Design Zhen Zheng, Xiaonan Song, Chuanjie Liu		Paper
GQSA: Group Quantization and Sparsity for Accelerating Large Language Model Inference Chao Zeng, Songwei Liu, Shu Yang, Fangmin Chen, Xing Mei, Lean Fu		Paper
LSAQ: Layer-Specific Adaptive Quantization for Large Language Model Deployment Binrui Zeng, Bin Ji, Xiaodong Liu, Jie Yu, Shasha Li, Jun Ma, Xiaopeng Li, Shangwen Wang, Xinran Hong		Paper
SKIM: Any-bit Quantization Pushing The Limits of Post-Training Quantization Runsheng Bai, Qiang Liu, Bo Liu		Paper
CPTQuant -- A Novel Mixed Precision Post-Training Quantization Techniques for Large Language Models Amitash Nanda, Sree Bhargavi Balija, Debashis Sahoo		Paper
Anda: Unlocking Efficient LLM Inference with a Variable-Length Grouped Activation Data Format Chao Fang, Man Shi, Robin Geens, Arne Symons, Zhongfeng Wang, Marian Verhelst		Paper
MixPE: Quantization and Hardware Co-design for Efficient LLM Inference Yu Zhang, Mingzi Wang, Lancheng Zou, Wulong Liu, Hui-Ling Zhen, Mingxuan Yuan, Bei Yu		Paper
BitMoD: Bit-serial Mixture-of-Datatype LLM Acceleration Yuzong Chen, Ahmed F. AbouElhamayed, Xilai Dai, Yang Wang, Marta Andronic, George A. Constantinides, Mohamed S. Abdelfattah		Github Paper
AMXFP4: Taming Activation Outliers with Asymmetric Microscaling Floating-Point for 4-bit LLM Inference Janghwan Lee, Jiwoong Park, Jinseok Kim, Yongjik Kim, Jungju Oh, Jinwook Oh, Jungwook Choi		Paper
Bi-Mamba: Towards Accurate 1-Bit State Space Models Shengkun Tang, Liqun Ma, Haonan Li, Mingjie Sun, Zhiqiang Shen		Paper
"Give Me BF16 or Give Me Death"? Accuracy-Performance Trade-Offs in LLM Quantization Eldar Kurtic, Alexandre Marques, Shubhra Pandit, Mark Kurtz, Dan Alistarh		Paper
GWQ: Gradient-Aware Weight Quantization for Large Language Models Yihua Shao, Siyu Liang, Xiaolin Lin, Zijian Ling, Zixian Zhu et al		Paper
A Comprehensive Study on Quantization Techniques for Large Language Models Jiedong Lang, Zhehao Guo, Shuyu Huang		Paper
BitNet a4.8: 4-bit Activations for 1-bit LLMs Hongyu Wang, Shuming Ma, Furu Wei		Paper
TesseraQ: Ultra Low-Bit LLM Post-Training Quantization with Block Reconstruction Yuhang Li, Priyadarshini Panda		Github Paper
BitStack: Fine-Grained Size Control for Compressed Large Language Models in Variable Memory Environments Xinghao Wang, Pengyu Wang, Bo Wang, Dong Zhang, Yunhua Zhou, Xipeng Qiu		Github Paper
The Impact of Inference Acceleration Strategies on Bias of LLMs Elisabeth Kirsten, Ivan Habernal, Vedant Nanda, Muhammad Bilal Zafar		Paper
Understanding the difficulty of low-precision post-training quantization of large language models Zifei Xu, Sayeh Sharify, Wanzin Yazar, Tristan Webb, Xin Wang		Paper
1-bit AI Infra: Part 1.1, Fast and Lossless BitNet b1.58 Inference on CPUs Jinheng Wang, Hansong Zhou, Ting Song, Shaoguang Mao, Shuming Ma, Hongyu Wang, Yan Xia, Furu Wei		Github Paper
QuAILoRA: Quantization-Aware Initialization for LoRA Neal Lawton, Aishwarya Padmakumar, Judith Gaspers, Jack FitzGerald, Anoop Kumar, Greg Ver Steeg, Aram Galstyan		Paper
Evaluating Quantized Large Language Models for Code Generation on Low-Resource Language Benchmarks Enkhbold Nyamsuren		Paper
⭐ SqueezeLLM: Dense-and-Sparse Quantization Sehoon Kim, Coleman Hooper, Amir Gholami, Zhen Dong, Xiuyu Li, Sheng Shen, Michael W. Mahoney, Kurt Keutzer		Github Paper
Pyramid Vector Quantization for LLMs Tycho F. A. van der Ouderaa, Maximilian L. Croci, Agrin Hilmkil, James Hensman		Paper
SeedLM: Compressing LLM Weights into Seeds of Pseudo-Random Generators Rasoul Shafipour, David Harrison, Maxwell Horton, Jeffrey Marker, Houman Bedayat, Sachin Mehta, Mohammad Rastegari, Mahyar Najibi, Saman Naderiparizi		Paper
FlatQuant: Flatness Matters for LLM Quantization Yuxuan Sun, Ruikang Liu, Haoli Bai, Han Bao, Kang Zhao, Yuening Li, Jiaxin Hu, Xianzhi Yu, Lu Hou, Chun Yuan, Xin Jiang, Wulong Liu, Jun Yao		Github Paper
SLiM: One-shot Quantized Sparse Plus Low-rank Approximation of LLMs Mohammad Mozaffari, Maryam Mehri Dehnavi		Github Paper
Scaling laws for post-training quantized large language models Zifei Xu, Alexander Lan, Wanzin Yazar, Tristan Webb, Sayeh Sharify, Xin Wang		Paper
Continuous Approximations for Improving Quantization Aware Training of LLMs He Li, Jianhang Hong, Yuanzhuo Wu, Snehal Adbol, Zonglin Li		Paper
DAQ: Density-Aware Post-Training Weight-Only Quantization For LLMs Yingsong Luo, Ling Chen		Github Paper
Quamba: A Post-Training Quantization Recipe for Selective State Space Models Hung-Yueh Chiang, Chi-Chih Chang, Natalia Frumkin, Kai-Chiang Wu, Diana Marculescu		Github Paper
AsymKV: Enabling 1-Bit Quantization of KV Cache with Layer-Wise Asymmetric Quantization Configurations Qian Tao, Wenyuan Yu, Jingren Zhou		Paper
Channel-Wise Mixed-Precision Quantization for Large Language Models Zihan Chen, Bike Xie, Jundong Li, Cong Shen		Paper
Progressive Mixed-Precision Decoding for Efficient LLM Inference Hao Mark Chen, Fuwen Tan, Alexandros Kouris, Royson Lee, Hongxiang Fan, Stylianos I. Venieris		Paper
EXAQ: Exponent Aware Quantization For LLMs Acceleration Moran Shkolnik, Maxim Fishman, Brian Chmiel, Hilla Ben-Yaacov, Ron Banner, Kfir Yehuda Levy		Github Paper
PrefixQuant: Static Quantization Beats Dynamic through Prefixed Outliers in LLMs Mengzhao Chen, Yi Liu, Jiahao Wang, Yi Bin, Wenqi Shao, Ping Luo		Github Paper
⭐ Extreme Compression of Large Language Models via Additive Quantization Vage Egiazarian, Andrei Panferov, Denis Kuznedelev, Elias Frantar, Artem Babenko, Dan Alistarh		Github Paper
Scaling Laws for Mixed quantization in Large Language Models Zeyu Cao, Cheng Zhang, Pedro Gimenes, Jianqiao Lu, Jianyi Cheng, Yiren Zhao		Paper
PalmBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Compressed Large Language Models on Mobile Platforms Yilong Li, Jingyu Liu, Hao Zhang, M Badri Narayanan, Utkarsh Sharma, Shuai Zhang, Pan Hu, Yijing Zeng, Jayaram Raghuram, Suman Banerjee		Paper
CrossQuant: A Post-Training Quantization Method with Smaller Quantization Kernel for Precise Large Language Model Compression Wenyuan Liu, Xindian Ma, Peng Zhang, Yan Wang		Paper
SageAttention: Accurate 8-Bit Attention for Plug-and-play Inference Acceleration Jintao Zhang, Jia wei, Pengle Zhang, Jun Zhu, Jianfei Chen		Paper
Addition is All You Need for Energy-efficient Language Models Hongyin Luo, Wei Sun		Paper
GuidedQuant: Large Language Model Quantization via Exploiting End Loss Guidance Jinuk Kim, Marwa El Halabi, Wonpyo Park, Clemens JS Schaefer, Deokjae Lee, Yeonhong Park, Jae W. Lee, Hyun Oh Song		Github Paper

Inference Acceleration

Title & Authors	Introduction	Links
⭐ Deja Vu: Contextual Sparsity for Efficient LLMs at Inference Time Zichang Liu, Jue WANG, Tri Dao, Tianyi Zhou, Binhang Yuan, Zhao Song, Anshumali Shrivastava, Ce Zhang, Yuandong Tian, Christopher Re, Beidi Chen		Github Paper
⭐ SpecInfer: Accelerating Generative LLM Serving with Speculative Inference and Token Tree Verification Xupeng Miao, Gabriele Oliaro, Zhihao Zhang, Xinhao Cheng, Zeyu Wang, Rae Ying Yee Wong, Zhuoming Chen, Daiyaan Arfeen, Reyna Abhyankar, Zhihao Jia		Github paper
⭐ Efficient Streaming Language Models with Attention Sinks Guangxuan Xiao, Yuandong Tian, Beidi Chen, Song Han, Mike Lewis		Github Paper
⭐ EAGLE: Lossless Acceleration of LLM Decoding by Feature Extrapolation Yuhui Li, Chao Zhang, and Hongyang Zhang		Github Blog
⭐ Medusa: Simple LLM Inference Acceleration Framework with Multiple Decoding Heads Tianle Cai, Yuhong Li, Zhengyang Geng, Hongwu Peng, Jason D. Lee, Deming Chen, Tri Dao		Github Paper
Speculative Decoding with CTC-based Draft Model for LLM Inference Acceleration Zhuofan Wen, Shangtong Gui, Yang Feng		Paper
PLD+: Accelerating LLM inference by leveraging Language Model Artifacts Shwetha Somasundaram, Anirudh Phukan, Apoorv Saxena		Paper
FastDraft: How to Train Your Draft Ofir Zafrir, Igor Margulis, Dorin Shteyman, Guy Boudoukh		Paper
SMoA: Improving Multi-agent Large Language Models with Sparse Mixture-of-Agents Dawei Li, Zhen Tan, Peijia Qian, Yifan Li, Kumar Satvik Chaudhary, Lijie Hu, Jiayi Shen		Github Paper
The N-Grammys: Accelerating Autoregressive Inference with Learning-Free Batched Speculation Lawrence Stewart, Matthew Trager, Sujan Kumar Gonugondla, Stefano Soatto		Paper
Accelerated AI Inference via Dynamic Execution Methods Haim Barad, Jascha Achterberg, Tien Pei Chou, Jean Yu		Paper
SuffixDecoding: A Model-Free Approach to Speeding Up Large Language Model Inference Gabriele Oliaro, Zhihao Jia, Daniel Campos, Aurick Qiao		Paper
Dynamic Strategy Planning for Efficient Question Answering with Large Language Models Tanmay Parekh, Pradyot Prakash, Alexander Radovic, Akshay Shekher, Denis Savenkov		Paper
MagicPIG: LSH Sampling for Efficient LLM Generation Zhuoming Chen, Ranajoy Sadhukhan, Zihao Ye, Yang Zhou, Jianyu Zhang, Niklas Nolte, Yuandong Tian, Matthijs Douze, Leon Bottou, Zhihao Jia, Beidi Chen		Github Paper
Faster Language Models with Better Multi-Token Prediction Using Tensor Decomposition Artem Basharin, Andrei Chertkov, Ivan Oseledets		Paper
Efficient Inference for Augmented Large Language Models Rana Shahout, Cong Liang, Shiji Xin, Qianru Lao, Yong Cui, Minlan Yu, Michael Mitzenmacher		Paper
Dynamic Vocabulary Pruning in Early-Exit LLMs Jort Vincenti, Karim Abdel Sadek, Joan Velja, Matteo Nulli, Metod Jazbec		Github Paper
CoreInfer: Accelerating Large Language Model Inference with Semantics-Inspired Adaptive Sparse Activation Qinsi Wang, Saeed Vahidian, Hancheng Ye, Jianyang Gu, Jianyi Zhang, Yiran Chen		Github Paper
DuoAttention: Efficient Long-Context LLM Inference with Retrieval and Streaming Heads Guangxuan Xiao, Jiaming Tang, Jingwei Zuo, Junxian Guo, Shang Yang, Haotian Tang, Yao Fu, Song Han		Github Paper
DySpec: Faster Speculative Decoding with Dynamic Token Tree Structure Yunfan Xiong, Ruoyu Zhang, Yanzeng Li, Tianhao Wu, Lei Zou		Paper
QSpec: Speculative Decoding with Complementary Quantization Schemes Juntao Zhao, Wenhao Lu, Sheng Wang, Lingpeng Kong, Chuan Wu		Paper
TidalDecode: Fast and Accurate LLM Decoding with Position Persistent Sparse Attention Lijie Yang, Zhihao Zhang, Zhuofu Chen, Zikun Li, Zhihao Jia		Paper
ParallelSpec: Parallel Drafter for Efficient Speculative Decoding Zilin Xiao, Hongming Zhang, Tao Ge, Siru Ouyang, Vicente Ordonez, Dong Yu		Paper
SWIFT: On-the-Fly Self-Speculative Decoding for LLM Inference Acceleration Heming Xia, Yongqi Li, Jun Zhang, Cunxiao Du, Wenjie Li		Github Paper
TurboRAG: Accelerating Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Precomputed KV Caches for Chunked Text Songshuo Lu, Hua Wang, Yutian Rong, Zhi Chen, Yaohua Tang		Github Paper
A Little Goes a Long Way: Efficient Long Context Training and Inference with Partial Contexts Suyu Ge, Xihui Lin, Yunan Zhang, Jiawei Han, Hao Peng		Paper
Cache-Craft: Managing Chunk-Caches for Efficient Retrieval-Augmented Generation Shubham Agarwal, Sai Sundaresan, Subrata Mitra, Debabrata Mahapatra, Archit Gupta, Rounak Sharma, Nirmal Joshua Kapu, Tong Yu, Shiv Saini		Paper
Mamba Drafters for Speculative Decoding Daewon Choi, Seunghyuk Oh, Saket Dingliwal, Jihoon Tack, Kyuyoung Kim, Woomin Song, Seojin Kim, Insu Han, Jinwoo Shin, Aram Galstyan, Shubham Katiyar, Sravan Babu Bodapati		Paper
Accelerated Test-Time Scaling with Model-Free Speculative Sampling Woomin Song, Saket Dingliwal, Sai Muralidhar Jayanthi, Bhavana Ganesh, Jinwoo Shin, Aram Galstyan, Sravan Babu Bodapati		Paper

Efficient MOE

Title & Authors	Introduction	Links
⭐ Fast Inference of Mixture-of-Experts Language Models with Offloading Artyom Eliseev, Denis Mazur		Github Paper
Condense, Don't Just Prune: Enhancing Efficiency and Performance in MoE Layer Pruning Mingyu Cao, Gen Li, Jie Ji, Jiaqi Zhang, Xiaolong Ma, Shiwei Liu, Lu Yin		Github Paper
Mixture of Cache-Conditional Experts for Efficient Mobile Device Inference Andrii Skliar, Ties van Rozendaal, Romain Lepert, Todor Boinovski, Mart van Baalen, Markus Nagel, Paul Whatmough, Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi		Paper
MoNTA: Accelerating Mixture-of-Experts Training with Network-Traffc-Aware Parallel Optimization Jingming Guo, Yan Liu, Yu Meng, Zhiwei Tao, Banglan Liu, Gang Chen, Xiang Li		Github Paper
MoE-I2: Compressing Mixture of Experts Models through Inter-Expert Pruning and Intra-Expert Low-Rank Decomposition Cheng Yang, Yang Sui, Jinqi Xiao, Lingyi Huang, Yu Gong, Yuanlin Duan, Wenqi Jia, Miao Yin, Yu Cheng, Bo Yuan		Github Paper
HOBBIT: A Mixed Precision Expert Offloading System for Fast MoE Inference Peng Tang, Jiacheng Liu, Xiaofeng Hou, Yifei Pu, Jing Wang, Pheng-Ann Heng, Chao Li, Minyi Guo		Paper
ProMoE: Fast MoE-based LLM Serving using Proactive Caching Xiaoniu Song, Zihang Zhong, Rong Chen		Paper
ExpertFlow: Optimized Expert Activation and Token Allocation for Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Inference Xin He, Shunkang Zhang, Yuxin Wang, Haiyan Yin, Zihao Zeng, Shaohuai Shi, Zhenheng Tang, Xiaowen Chu, Ivor Tsang, Ong Yew Soon		Paper
EPS-MoE: Expert Pipeline Scheduler for Cost-Efficient MoE Inference Yulei Qian, Fengcun Li, Xiangyang Ji, Xiaoyu Zhao, Jianchao Tan, Kefeng Zhang, Xunliang Cai		Paper
MC-MoE: Mixture Compressor for Mixture-of-Experts LLMs Gains More Wei Huang, Yue Liao, Jianhui Liu, Ruifei He, Haoru Tan, Shiming Zhang, Hongsheng Li, Si Liu, Xiaojuan Qi		Github Paper

Efficient Architecture of LLM

Title & Authors	Introduction	Links
Hymba: A Hybrid-head Architecture for Small Language Models Xin Dong, Yonggan Fu, Shizhe Diao, Wonmin Byeon, Zijia Chen, Ameya Sunil Mahabaleshwarkar, Shih-Yang Liu, Matthijs Van Keirsbilck, Min-Hung Chen, Yoshi Suhara, Yingyan Lin, Jan Kautz, Pavlo Molchanov		Paper
⭐ MobiLlama: Towards Accurate and Lightweight Fully Transparent GPT Omkar Thawakar, Ashmal Vayani, Salman Khan, Hisham Cholakal, Rao M. Anwer, Michael Felsberg, Tim Baldwin, Eric P. Xing, Fahad Shahbaz Khan		Github Paper Model
⭐ Megalodon: Efficient LLM Pretraining and Inference with Unlimited Context Length Xuezhe Ma, Xiaomeng Yang, Wenhan Xiong, Beidi Chen, Lili Yu, Hao Zhang, Jonathan May, Luke Zettlemoyer, Omer Levy, Chunting Zhou		Github Paper
Taipan: Efficient and Expressive State Space Language Models with Selective Attention Chien Van Nguyen, Huy Huu Nguyen, Thang M. Pham, Ruiyi Zhang, Hanieh Deilamsalehy, Puneet Mathur, Ryan A. Rossi, Trung Bui, Viet Dac Lai, Franck Dernoncourt, Thien Huu Nguyen		Paper
SeerAttention: Learning Intrinsic Sparse Attention in Your LLMs Yizhao Gao, Zhichen Zeng, Dayou Du, Shijie Cao, Hayden Kwok-Hay So, Ting Cao, Fan Yang, Mao Yang		Github Paper
Basis Sharing: Cross-Layer Parameter Sharing for Large Language Model Compression Jingcun Wang, Yu-Guang Chen, Ing-Chao Lin, Bing Li, Grace Li Zhang		Github Paper
Rodimus*: Breaking the Accuracy-Efficiency Trade-Off with Efficient Attentions Zhihao He, Hang Yu, Zi Gong, Shizhan Liu, Jianguo Li, Weiyao Lin		Paper
Compress, Gather, and Recompute: REFORMing Long-Context Processing in Transformers Woomin Song, Sai Muralidhar Jayanthi, Srikanth Ronanki, Kanthashree Mysore Sathyendra, Jinwoo Shin, Aram Galstyan, Shubham Katiyar, Sravan Babu Bodapati		Paper

KV Cache Compression

Title & Authors	Introduction	Links
⭐ Model Tells You What to Discard: Adaptive KV Cache Compression for LLMs Suyu Ge, Yunan Zhang, Liyuan Liu, Minjia Zhang, Jiawei Han, Jianfeng Gao		Paper
ClusterKV: Manipulating LLM KV Cache in Semantic Space for Recallable Compression Guangda Liu, Chengwei Li, Jieru Zhao, Chenqi Zhang, Minyi Guo		Paper
Unifying KV Cache Compression for Large Language Models with LeanKV Yanqi Zhang, Yuwei Hu, Runyuan Zhao, John C.S. Lui, Haibo Chen		Paper
Compressing KV Cache for Long-Context LLM Inference with Inter-Layer Attention Similarity Da Ma, Lu Chen, Situo Zhang, Yuxun Miao, Su Zhu, Zhi Chen, Hongshen Xu, Hanqi Li, Shuai Fan, Lei Pan, Kai Yu		Paper
MiniKV: Pushing the Limits of LLM Inference via 2-Bit Layer-Discriminative KV Cache Akshat Sharma, Hangliang Ding, Jianping Li, Neel Dani, Minjia Zhang		Paper
TokenSelect: Efficient Long-Context Inference and Length Extrapolation for LLMs via Dynamic Token-Level KV Cache Selection Wei Wu, Zhuoshi Pan, Chao Wang, Liyi Chen, Yunchu Bai, Kun Fu, Zheng Wang, Hui Xiong		Paper
Not All Heads Matter: A Head-Level KV Cache Compression Method with Integrated Retrieval and Reasoning Yu Fu, Zefan Cai, Abedelkadir Asi, Wayne Xiong, Yue Dong, Wen Xiao		Github Paper
BUZZ: Beehive-structured Sparse KV Cache with Segmented Heavy Hitters for Efficient LLM Inference Junqi Zhao, Zhijin Fang, Shu Li, Shaohui Yang, Shichao He		Github Paper
A Systematic Study of Cross-Layer KV Sharing for Efficient LLM Inference You Wu, Haoyi Wu, Kewei Tu		Github Paper
Lossless KV Cache Compression to 2% Zhen Yang, J.N.Han, Kan Wu, Ruobing Xie, An Wang, Xingwu Sun, Zhanhui Kang		Paper
MatryoshkaKV: Adaptive KV Compression via Trainable Orthogonal Projection Bokai Lin, Zihao Zeng, Zipeng Xiao, Siqi Kou, Tianqi Hou, Xiaofeng Gao, Hao Zhang, Zhijie Deng		Paper
Residual vector quantization for KV cache compression in large language model Ankur Kumar		Github Paper
KVSharer: Efficient Inference via Layer-Wise Dissimilar KV Cache Sharing Yifei Yang, Zouying Cao, Qiguang Chen, Libo Qin, Dongjie Yang, Hai Zhao, Zhi Chen		Github Paper
LoRC: Low-Rank Compression for LLMs KV Cache with a Progressive Compression Strategy Rongzhi Zhang, Kuang Wang, Liyuan Liu, Shuohang Wang, Hao Cheng, Chao Zhang, Yelong Shen		Paper
SwiftKV: Fast Prefill-Optimized Inference with Knowledge-Preserving Model Transformation Aurick Qiao, Zhewei Yao, Samyam Rajbhandari, Yuxiong He		Paper
Dynamic Memory Compression: Retrofitting LLMs for Accelerated Inference Piotr Nawrot, Adrian Łańcucki, Marcin Chochowski, David Tarjan, Edoardo M. Ponti		Paper
KV-Compress: Paged KV-Cache Compression with Variable Compression Rates per Attention Head Isaac Rehg		Paper
Ada-KV: Optimizing KV Cache Eviction by Adaptive Budget Allocation for Efficient LLM Inference Yuan Feng, Junlin Lv, Yukun Cao, Xike Xie, S. Kevin Zhou		Github Paper
Compressed Context Memory for Online Language Model Interaction Jang-Hyun Kim, Junyoung Yeom, Sangdoo Yun, Hyun Oh Song		Github Paper
KVzip: Query-Agnostic KV Cache Compression with Context Reconstruction Jang-Hyun Kim, Jinuk Kim, Sangwoo Kwon, Jae W. Lee, Sangdoo Yun, Hyun Oh Song		Github Paper

Text Compression

Title & Authors	Introduction	Links
⭐ LLMLingua: Compressing Prompts for Accelerated Inference of Large Language Models Huiqiang Jiang, Qianhui Wu, Chin-Yew Lin, Yuqing Yang, Lili Qiu		Github Paper
L3TC: Leveraging RWKV for Learned Lossless Low-Complexity Text Compression Junxuan Zhang, Zhengxue Cheng, Yan Zhao, Shihao Wang, Dajiang Zhou, Guo Lu, Li Song		Github Paper
PromptOptMe: Error-Aware Prompt Compression for LLM-based MT Evaluation Metrics Daniil Larionov, Steffen Eger		Github Paper
⭐ LongLLMLingua: Accelerating and Enhancing LLMs in Long Context Scenarios via Prompt Compression Huiqiang Jiang, Qianhui Wu, Xufang Luo, Dongsheng Li, Chin-Yew Lin, Yuqing Yang, Lili Qiu		Github Paper
A Silver Bullet or a Compromise for Full Attention? A Comprehensive Study of Gist Token-based Context Compression Chenlong Deng, Zhisong Zhang, Kelong Mao, Shuaiyi Li, Xinting Huang, Dong Yu, Zhicheng Dou		Paper
JPPO: Joint Power and Prompt Optimization for Accelerated Large Language Model Services Feiran You, Hongyang Du, Kaibin Huang, Abbas Jamalipour		Paper
Generative Prompt Internalization Haebin Shin, Lei Ji, Yeyun Gong, Sungdong Kim, Eunbi Choi, Minjoon Seo		Github Paper
MultiTok: Variable-Length Tokenization for Efficient LLMs Adapted from LZW Compression Noel Elias, Homa Esfahanizadeh, Kaan Kale, Sriram Vishwanath, Muriel Medard		Github Paper
Selection-p: Self-Supervised Task-Agnostic Prompt Compression for Faithfulness and Transferability Tsz Ting Chung, Leyang Cui, Lemao Liu, Xinting Huang, Shuming Shi, Dit-Yan Yeung		Paper
From Reading to Compressing: Exploring the Multi-document Reader for Prompt Compression Eunseong Choi, Sunkyung Lee, Minjin Choi, June Park, Jongwuk Lee		Paper
Perception Compressor:A training-free prompt compression method in long context scenarios Jiwei Tang, Jin Xu, Tingwei Lu, Hai Lin, Yiming Zhao, Hai-Tao Zheng		Paper
Prompt Compression with Context-Aware Sentence Encoding for Fast and Improved LLM Inference Barys Liskavets, Maxim Ushakov, Shuvendu Roy, Mark Klibanov, Ali Etemad, Shane Luke		Github Paper
Task-agnostic Prompt Compression with Context-aware Sentence Embedding and Reward-guided Task Descriptor Barys Liskavets, Shuvendu Roy, Maxim Ushakov, Mark Klibanov, Ali Etemad, Shane Luke		Paper

Low-Rank Decomposition

Title & Authors	Introduction	Links
ESPACE: Dimensionality Reduction of Activations for Model Compression Charbel Sakr, Brucek Khailany		Paper
Natural GaLore: Accelerating GaLore for memory-efficient LLM Training and Fine-tuning Arijit Das		Github Paper
CompAct: Compressed Activations for Memory-Efficient LLM Training Yara Shamshoum, Nitzan Hodos, Yuval Sieradzki, Assaf Schuster		Paper

Hardware/System/Serving

Title & Authors	Introduction	Links
KunServe: Elastic and Efficient Large Language Model Serving with Parameter-centric Memory Management Rongxin Cheng, Yifan Peng, Yuxin Lai, Xingda Wei, Rong Chen, Haibo Chen		Paper
FastSwitch: Optimizing Context Switching Efficiency in Fairness-aware Large Language Model Serving Ao Shen, Zhiyao Li, Mingyu Gao		Paper
CE-CoLLM: Efficient and Adaptive Large Language Models Through Cloud-Edge Collaboration Hongpeng Jin, Yanzhao Wu		Paper
Ripple: Accelerating LLM Inference on Smartphones with Correlation-Aware Neuron Management Tuowei Wang, Ruwen Fan, Minxing Huang, Zixu Hao, Kun Li, Ting Cao, Youyou Lu, Yaoxue Zhang, Ju Ren		Paper
ALISE: Accelerating Large Language Model Serving with Speculative Scheduling Youpeng Zhao, Jun Wang		Paper
EPIC: Efficient Position-Independent Context Caching for Serving Large Language Models Junhao Hu, Wenrui Huang, Haoyi Wang, Weidong Wang, Tiancheng Hu, Qin Zhang, Hao Feng, Xusheng Chen, Yizhou Shan, Tao Xie		Paper
SDP4Bit: Toward 4-bit Communication Quantization in Sharded Data Parallelism for LLM Training Jinda Jia, Cong Xie, Hanlin Lu, Daoce Wang, Hao Feng, Chengming Zhang, Baixi Sun, Haibin Lin, Zhi Zhang, Xin Liu, Dingwen Tao		Paper
FastAttention: Extend FlashAttention2 to NPUs and Low-resource GPUs Haoran Lin, Xianzhi Yu, Kang Zhao, Lu Hou, Zongyuan Zhan et al		Paper
POD-Attention: Unlocking Full Prefill-Decode Overlap for Faster LLM Inference Aditya K Kamath, Ramya Prabhu, Jayashree Mohan, Simon Peter, Ramachandran Ramjee, Ashish Panwar		Paper
TPI-LLM: Serving 70B-scale LLMs Efficiently on Low-resource Edge Devices Zonghang Li, Wenjiao Feng, Mohsen Guizani, Hongfang Yu		Github Paper

Efficient Fine-tuning

Title & Authors	Introduction	Links
LoRMA: Low-Rank Multiplicative Adaptation for LLMs Harsh Bihany, Shubham Patel, Ashutosh Modi		Paper
HELENE: Hessian Layer-wise Clipping and Gradient Annealing for Accelerating Fine-tuning LLM with Zeroth-order Optimization Huaqin Zhao, Jiaxi Li, Yi Pan, Shizhe Liang, Xiaofeng Yang, Wei Liu, Xiang Li, Fei Dou, Tianming Liu, Jin Lu		Paper
Robust and Efficient Fine-tuning of LLMs with Bayesian Reparameterization of Low-Rank Adaptation Ayan Sengupta, Vaibhav Seth, Arinjay Pathak, Natraj Raman, Sriram Gopalakrishnan, Tanmoy Chakraborty		Github Paper
Natural GaLore: Accelerating GaLore for memory-efficient LLM Training and Fine-tuning Arijit Das		Github Paper
Less is More: Extreme Gradient Boost Rank-1 Adaption for Efficient Finetuning of LLMs Yifei Zhang, Hao Zhu, Aiwei Liu, Han Yu, Piotr Koniusz, Irwin King		Paper
MiLoRA: Efficient Mixture of Low-Rank Adaptation for Large Language Models Fine-tuning Jingfan Zhang, Yi Zhao, Dan Chen, Xing Tian, Huanran Zheng, Wei Zhu		Paper
RoCoFT: Efficient Finetuning of Large Language Models with Row-Column Updates Md Kowsher, Tara Esmaeilbeig, Chun-Nam Yu, Mojtaba Soltanalian, Niloofar Yousefi		Github Paper
Layer-wise Importance Matters: Less Memory for Better Performance in Parameter-efficient Fine-tuning of Large Language Models Kai Yao, Penlei Gao, Lichun Li, Yuan Zhao, Xiaofeng Wang, Wei Wang, Jianke Zhu		Github Paper
Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models using Semantic Knowledge Tuning Nusrat Jahan Prottasha, Asif Mahmud, Md. Shohanur Islam Sobuj, Prakash Bhat, Md Kowsher, Niloofar Yousefi, Ozlem Ozmen Garibay		Paper
QEFT: Quantization for Efficient Fine-Tuning of LLMs Changhun Lee, Jun-gyu Jin, Younghyun Cho, Eunhyeok Park		Github Paper
BIPEFT: Budget-Guided Iterative Search for Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning of Large Pretrained Language Models Aofei Chang, Jiaqi Wang, Han Liu, Parminder Bhatia, Cao Xiao, Ting Wang, Fenglong Ma		Github Paper
SparseGrad: A Selective Method for Efficient Fine-tuning of MLP Layers Viktoriia Chekalina, Anna Rudenko, Gleb Mezentsev, Alexander Mikhalev, Alexander Panchenko, Ivan Oseledets		Github Paper
SpaLLM: Unified Compressive Adaptation of Large Language Models with Sketching Tianyi Zhang, Junda Su, Oscar Wu, Zhaozhuo Xu, Anshumali Shrivastava		Paper

Efficient Training

Title & Authors	Introduction	Links
LayerDropBack: A Universally Applicable Approach for Accelerating Training of Deep Networks Evgeny Hershkovitch Neiterman, Gil Ben-Artzi		Github Paper
AutoMixQ: Self-Adjusting Quantization for High Performance Memory-Efficient Fine-Tuning Changhai Zhou, Shiyang Zhang, Yuhua Zhou, Zekai Liu, Shichao Weng		Paper
Scalable Efficient Training of Large Language Models with Low-dimensional Projected Attention Xingtai Lv, Ning Ding, Kaiyan Zhang, Ermo Hua, Ganqu Cui, Bowen Zhou		Github Paper
COAT: Compressing Optimizer states and Activation for Memory-Efficient FP8 Training Haocheng Xi, Han Cai, Ligeng Zhu, Yao Lu, Kurt Keutzer, Jianfei Chen, Song Han		Github Paper
BitPipe: Bidirectional Interleaved Pipeline Parallelism for Accelerating Large Models Training Houming Wu, Ling Chen, Wenjie Yu		Github Paper
Natural GaLore: Accelerating GaLore for memory-efficient LLM Training and Fine-tuning Arijit Das		Github Paper
CompAct: Compressed Activations for Memory-Efficient LLM Training Yara Shamshoum, Nitzan Hodos, Yuval Sieradzki, Assaf Schuster		Paper

Survey (or Benchmark)

Title & Authors	Introduction	Links
Closer Look at Efficient Inference Methods: A Survey of Speculative Decoding Hyun Ryu, Eric Kim		Paper
LLM-Inference-Bench: Inference Benchmarking of Large Language Models on AI Accelerators Krishna Teja Chitty-Venkata, Siddhisanket Raskar, Bharat Kale, Farah Ferdaus et al		Github Paper
Prompt Compression for Large Language Models: A Survey Zongqian Li, Yinhong Liu, Yixuan Su, Nigel Collier		Github Paper
Large Language Model Inference Acceleration: A Comprehensive Hardware Perspective Jinhao Li, Jiaming Xu, Shan Huang, Yonghua Chen, Wen Li, Jun Liu, Yaoxiu Lian, Jiayi Pan, Li Ding, Hao Zhou, Guohao Dai		Paper