Patient-monitoring-system

Overview

This program reads and processes data from three health-monitoring sensors (DHT11, KY-039, and AD8232) connected to an ESP8266 or Arduino. Based on the readings, it performs health checks and activates LEDs and a buzzer to indicate whether the readings are within normal ranges.

Components and Purpose

DHT11 Sensor: Measures temperature.
KY-039 Sensor: Measures pulse rate (heartbeats per minute).
AD8232 Sensor: Measures ECG signals, which are used to estimate blood pressure (systolic and diastolic).
Green LED: Indicates normal health parameters.
Red LED and Buzzer: Indicate abnormal health parameters.

Code Breakdown

1. Include Libraries and Pin Definitions

The DHT.h library is included to interact with the DHT11 sensor.
The pins for the sensors and output components (LEDs and buzzer) are defined:
- DHTPIN (2): DHT11 data pin.
- KY039_PIN (A1): KY-039 Pulse Sensor connected to analog pin A1.
- AD8232_PIN (A0): AD8232 ECG Sensor connected to analog pin A0.
- LED and Buzzer Pins: Control green LED, red LED, and buzzer.

2. Setup Function

Serial Communication: Initialized at 9600 baud to send data to the serial monitor.
Sensor Initialization: The DHT sensor is started using dht.begin().
Pin Modes: All LEDs and the buzzer are set as output, and their initial states are set to OFF.

3. Loop Function

The main logic runs continuously in the loop() function:

a. Read Temperature

The temperature is read using the dht.readTemperature() function.
If the reading fails (isnan returns true), the program skips the current loop cycle to avoid invalid data processing.

b. Read Pulse Rate

The raw signal from the KY-039 sensor is read using analogRead(KY039_PIN).
The raw value (0-1023) is mapped to a heart rate range (60-100 BPM).

c. Read ECG and Estimate Blood Pressure

The ECG signal is read from the AD8232 sensor using analogRead(AD8232_PIN).
The raw ECG signal (0-1023) is mapped to approximate systolic (90-120 mmHg) and diastolic (60-80 mmHg) blood pressure ranges.

4. Output the Data

Data is formatted as temperature,pulseRate,systolicBP/diastolicBP and sent to the serial monitor:
- Example output: 36.5,72,110/75

5. Health Check Conditions

The program checks if the sensor readings fall within normal health ranges:
- Temperature: 36.0°C to 37.5°C.
- Pulse Rate: 60 to 100 BPM.
- Blood Pressure:
  - Systolic: 90 to 120 mmHg.
  - Diastolic: 60 to 80 mmHg.
If all values are normal:
- Green LED: Turns ON.
- Red LED and Buzzer: Turn OFF.
If any value is abnormal:
- Red LED: Turns ON.
- Buzzer: Beeps (ON for 500ms, OFF for 500ms).
- Green LED: Turns OFF.

6. Timing

The loop includes a delay(1000) to wait for 1 second before the next iteration. This ensures that the sensors have enough time to stabilize and provide accurate readings.

Demonstration Plan

Explain the Purpose: Monitor and display health parameters using sensors.
Show Hardware Setup: Point out the DHT11, KY-039, AD8232 sensors, LEDs, and buzzer.
Run the Program:
- Display real-time data in the serial monitor.
- Simulate abnormal conditions (e.g., change temperature or pulse inputs) to show LED and buzzer activation.
Highlight Features:
- Real-time health monitoring.
- Immediate feedback through LEDs and buzzer.

Key Takeaways

This program is a simple health-monitoring system.
It collects real-time data, evaluates it against normal ranges, and provides visual and auditory feedback.
The modular design makes it easy to expand with additional sensors or features in the future.

power-code129/Patient-monitoring-system

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