Add Module (ES5 + ES6 + CoffeeScript + TypeScript)

Author: Badacadabra

misc/Module/CoffeeScript/index.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+'use strict'
+
+Person = do -> 
+    # Private member 
+    secretNickname = ""
+
+    class Person
+        constructor: (@firstName, @lastName, nickname) ->
+            secretNickname = nickname
+
+        sayHello: -> 
+            "Hello, #{this.firstName} #{this.lastName}!"
+
+        getSecretNickname: -> 
+            secretNickname
+
+me = new Person "Baptiste", "Vannesson", "Bada" 
+
+console.log me.firstName, me.lastName # OK 
+console.log me.sayHello() # OK
+console.log me.secretNickname # Oops! Undefined!
+console.log me.getSecretNickname() # OK

misc/Module/ECMAScript/ES5/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var Person = (function () {
+    var secretNickname;
+
+    function Person(firstName, lastName, nickname) {
+        // Public attributes
+        this.firstName = firstName;
+        this.lastName = lastName;
+        // Private attribute
+        secretNickname = nickname;
+    }
+
+    // Public methods
+    Person.prototype.sayHello = function () {
+        return "Hello, " + this.firstName + " " + this.lastName + "!"; 
+    };
+
+    Person.prototype.getSecretNickname = function () {
+        return secretNickname; 
+    };
+
+    // Entry point of the module
+    return Person; 
+})();
+
+var me = new Person("Baptiste", "Vannesson", "Bada");
+
+console.log(me.firstName, me.lastName); // OK 
+console.log(me.sayHello()); // OK
+console.log(me.secretNickname); // Oops! Undefined!
+console.log(me.getSecretNickname()); // OK

misc/Module/ECMAScript/ES6/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+const Person = (() => {
+    let secretNickname;
+
+    return class Person {
+        constructor(firstName, lastName, nickname) {
+            // Public attributes
+            this.firstName = firstName;
+            this.lastName = lastName;
+            // Private attribute
+            secretNickname = nickname;
+        } 
+
+        // Public methods
+        sayHello() {
+            return `Hello, ${this.firstName} ${this.lastName}!` 
+        }
+
+        getSecretNickname() {
+            return secretNickname; 
+        }
+    }
+})();
+
+let me = new Person("Baptiste", "Vannesson", "Bada");
+
+console.log(me.firstName, me.lastName); // OK 
+console.log(me.sayHello()); // OK
+console.log(me.secretNickname); // Oops! Undefined!
+console.log(me.getSecretNickname()); // OK

misc/Module/README.md

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+# Problem
+
+JavaScript is not very strict when it comes to encapsulation and each script tends to pollute the global namespace. This is because the language has been built with global variables in mind.
+
+# Solution
+
+The Module pattern is a great solution to encapsulate some code. The idea is to store in a variable the returned expression of an IIFE (Immediately-Invoked Function Expression), which can be for instance another function declared inside the module. Within the IIFE, the scope is private. We can then declare private variables and functions that will be invisible from the outside. Conceptually, a module is a bit like a class. 
+
+N.B. In practice, the module pattern is not often used anymore. CommonJS, AMD, or built-in ES6 modules are much better solutions nowadays...

misc/Module/TypeScript/index.ts

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+namespace Mankind {
+    export interface Human {
+        sayHello(): string;
+        getSecretNickname(): string;
+    }
+
+    export class Person implements Human {
+        public firstName: string;
+        public lastName: string;
+        private nickname: string;
+
+        constructor(firstName: string, lastName: string, nickname: string) {
+            this.firstName = firstName;
+            this.lastName = lastName;
+            this.nickname = nickname;
+        } 
+
+        public sayHello(): string {
+            return `Hello, ${this.firstName} ${this.lastName}!` 
+        }
+
+        public getSecretNickname(): string {
+            return this.nickname; 
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+import Person = Mankind.Person;
+let me = new Person("Baptiste", "Vannesson", "Bada");
+
+console.log(me.firstName, me.lastName); // OK 
+console.log(me.sayHello()); // OK
+// console.log(me.nickname); Oops! Undefined!
+console.log(me.getSecretNickname()); // OK