Support additional calculation functions

[nex3]

• Original Implementation (Calc functions implementation #1970)
• Revert (Revert new calculation functions #2067)
• Roll Forward (Re-enable new calculation functions #2080)
• Breaking Changes

See sass/sass#3504

[stof]

@nex3 step 3 is now done here. And weren't breaking changes removed from the last version of the proposal ?

[nex3]

There's still the final breaking change for abs-percent, which will need to happen in Dart Sass 2.