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数据结构与算法（Python）
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<b>1.8.</b>
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顺序表的形式
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顺序表的结构与实现
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<b>2.4.</b>
Python中的顺序表
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单项循环链表
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<b>3.3.</b>
双向链表
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栈
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栈结构实现
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<b>5.</b>
队列
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<b>5.1.</b>
队列的实现
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<b>5.2.</b>
双端队列
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<b>6.</b>
排序与搜索
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<b>6.1.</b>
冒泡排序
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<b>6.2.</b>
选择排序
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<b>6.3.</b>
插入排序
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<b>6.4.</b>
快速排序
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<b>6.5.</b>
希尔排序
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<b>6.6.</b>
归并排序
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<b>6.7.</b>
常见排序算法效率比较
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<b>6.8.</b>
搜索
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<b>7.</b>
树与树算法
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二叉树
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二叉树的遍历
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<h1 id="排序与搜索">排序与搜索</h1>
<p>排序算法（英语：Sorting algorithm）是一种能将一串数据依照特定顺序进行排列的一种算法。</p>
<h3 id="排序算法的稳定性">排序算法的稳定性</h3>
<p><strong>稳定性</strong>：稳定排序算法会让原本有相等键值的纪录维持相对次序。也就是如果一个排序算法是稳定的，当有两个相等键值的纪录R和S，且在原本的列表中R出现在S之前，在排序过的列表中R也将会是在S之前。</p>
<p>当相等的元素是无法分辨的，比如像是整数，稳定性并不是一个问题。然而，假设以下的数对将要以他们的第一个数字来排序。</p>
<pre><code>(4, 1) (3, 1) (3, 7)（5, 6）
</code></pre><p>在这个状况下，有可能产生两种不同的结果，一个是让相等键值的纪录维持相对的次序，而另外一个则没有：</p>
<pre><code>(3, 1) (3, 7) (4, 1) (5, 6) （维持次序）
(3, 7) (3, 1) (4, 1) (5, 6) （次序被改变）
</code></pre><p>不稳定排序算法可能会在相等的键值中改变纪录的相对次序，但是稳定排序算法从来不会如此。不稳定排序算法可以被特别地实现为稳定。作这件事情的一个方式是人工扩充键值的比较，如此在其他方面相同键值的两个对象间之比较，（比如上面的比较中加入第二个标准：第二个键值的大小）就会被决定使用在原先数据次序中的条目，当作一个同分决赛。然而，要记住这种次序通常牵涉到额外的空间负担。</p>
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