Before we build something, it’s a good idea to make a plan for what we’re going to build. For example, if we’re building a house, we shouldn’t do it without planning with designs and blueprints. When developers make plans for apps and websites, they often use wireframes.
A wireframe is a collection of sketches and notes that depict a website as it would look on a browser, a tablet, or a mobile device. It shows the layout of the app’s elements, like navigation bars, buttons, content placement, and more—it’s like the blueprint to our app! Here, we’ll be focussing on hand-drawn wireframes without too much detail; these are sometimes called low-fidelity wireframes.
In Java, the int datatype is used to store integer values. This means that it can store all positive and negative whole numbers and zero.
int num1 = 10; // positive value
int num2 = -5; // negative value
int num3 = 0; // zero value
int num4 = 12.5; // not allowed
In Java, the boolean primitive data type is used to store a value, which can be either true or false.
boolean result = true;
boolean isMarried = false;
In Java, char is used to store a single character. The character must be enclosed in single quotes.
char answer = 'y';
Java’s most basic data types are known as primitive data types and are in the system by default.
The available types are as follows:
intcharbooleanbytelongshortdoublefloat
null is another, but it can only ever store the value null.
int age = 28;
char grade = 'A';
boolean late = true;
byte b = 20;
long num1 = 1234567;
short no = 10;
float k = (float)12.5;
double pi = 3.14;
A String in Java is a Object that holds multiple characters. It is not a primitive datatype.
A String can be created by placing characters between a pair of double quotes (").
To compare Strings, the equals() method must be used instead of the primitive equality comparator ==.
// Creating a String variable
String name = "Bob";
// The following will print "false" because strings are case-sensitive
System.out.println(name.equals("bob"));
In Java, the type of a variable is checked at compile time. This is known as static typing. It has the advantage of catching the errors at compile time rather than at execution time.
Variables must be declared with the appropriate data type or the program will not compile.
int i = 10; // type is int
char ch = 'a'; // type is char
j = 20; // won't compile, no type is given
char name = "Lil"; // won't compile, wrong data type
Basic math operations can be applied to int, double and float data types:
+addition-subtraction*multiplication/division%modulo (yields the remainder)
These operations are not supported for other data types.
int a = 20;
int b = 10;
int result;
result = a + b; // 30
result = a - b; // 10
result = a * b; // 200
result = a / b; // 2
result = a % b; // 0
Comparison operators can be used to compare two values:
>greater than<less than>=greater than or equal to<=less than or equal to==equal to!=not equal to
They are supported for primitive data types and the result of a comparison is a boolean value true or false.
int a = 5;
int b = 3;
boolean result = a > b;
// result now holds the boolean value true