Native image run failed with hibernate

[HydroCarbon]

SpringBoot version: 3.5.0
Hibernate Version: 6.6.15.Final

When i use native image to package my project.I compile successed.
But when i run it.
Give this fail message:

Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory': org.hibernate.bytecode.spi.BytecodeProvider: Provider org.hibernate.bytecode.internal.bytebuddy.BytecodeProviderImpl not found

more logs:

2025-06-27T16:31:07.413+08:00  INFO 33417 --- [ChainOS-User] [           main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper  : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [name: default]
2025-06-27T16:31:07.414+08:00  INFO 33417 --- [ChainOS-User] [           main] org.hibernate.Version                    : HHH000412: Hibernate ORM core version 6.6.15.Final
2025-06-27T16:31:07.416+08:00  INFO 33417 --- [ChainOS-User] [           main] o.h.c.internal.RegionFactoryInitiator    : HHH000026: Second-level cache disabled
2025-06-27T16:31:07.419+08:00  INFO 33417 --- [ChainOS-User] [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : ChainOS-User-HikariPool - Starting...
2025-06-27T16:31:07.547+08:00  INFO 33417 --- [ChainOS-User] [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool        : ChainOS-User-HikariPool - Added connection org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection@41b49605
2025-06-27T16:31:07.547+08:00  INFO 33417 --- [ChainOS-User] [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : ChainOS-User-HikariPool - Start completed.
2025-06-27T16:31:07.576+08:00  INFO 33417 --- [ChainOS-User] [           main] org.hibernate.orm.connections.pooling    : HHH10001005: Database info:
	Database JDBC URL [Connecting through datasource 'HikariDataSource (ChainOS-User-HikariPool)']
	Database driver: undefined/unknown
	Database version: 17.4
	Autocommit mode: undefined/unknown
	Isolation level: undefined/unknown
	Minimum pool size: undefined/unknown
	Maximum pool size: undefined/unknown
2025-06-27T16:31:07.587+08:00  WARN 33417 --- [ChainOS-User] [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory': org.hibernate.bytecode.spi.BytecodeProvider: Provider org.hibernate.bytecode.internal.bytebuddy.BytecodeProviderImpl not found
2025-06-27T16:31:07.587+08:00  INFO 33417 --- [ChainOS-User] [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : ChainOS-User-HikariPool - Shutdown initiated...
2025-06-27T16:31:07.587+08:00  INFO 33417 --- [ChainOS-User] [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : ChainOS-User-HikariPool - Shutdown completed.
Application run failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory': org.hibernate.bytecode.spi.BytecodeProvider: Provider org.hibernate.bytecode.internal.bytebuddy.BytecodeProviderImpl not found
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1826)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:607)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:529)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:339)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:373)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:337)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:207)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:970)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:627)
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:146)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:753)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:439)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:318)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1362)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1351)
	at cn.trendai.chain.os.user.interfaces.ChainOsUserApplication.main(ChainOsUserApplication.java:26)
	at java.base@21.0.7/java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$DMH/sa346b79c.invokeStaticInit(LambdaForm$DMH)
Caused by: java.util.ServiceConfigurationError: org.hibernate.bytecode.spi.BytecodeProvider: Provider org.hibernate.bytecode.internal.bytebuddy.BytecodeProviderImpl not found
	at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.ServiceLoader.fail(ServiceLoader.java:593)
	at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.ServiceLoader$LazyClassPathLookupIterator.nextProviderClass(ServiceLoader.java:1219)
	at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.ServiceLoader$LazyClassPathLookupIterator.hasNextService(ServiceLoader.java:1228)
	at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.ServiceLoader$LazyClassPathLookupIterator.hasNext(ServiceLoader.java:1273)
	at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.ServiceLoader$2.hasNext(ServiceLoader.java:1309)
	at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.ServiceLoader$ProviderSpliterator.tryAdvance(ServiceLoader.java:1491)
	at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.Spliterators$1Adapter.hasNext(Spliterators.java:681)
	at org.hibernate.boot.registry.classloading.internal.AggregatedServiceLoader$ClassPathAndModulePathAggregatedServiceLoader.loadAll(AggregatedServiceLoader.java:123)
	at org.hibernate.boot.registry.classloading.internal.AggregatedServiceLoader$ClassPathAndModulePathAggregatedServiceLoader.getAll(AggregatedServiceLoader.java:112)
	at org.hibernate.boot.registry.classloading.internal.ClassLoaderServiceImpl.loadJavaServices(ClassLoaderServiceImpl.java:241)
	at org.hibernate.bytecode.internal.BytecodeProviderInitiator.initiateService(BytecodeProviderInitiator.java:51)
	at org.hibernate.bytecode.internal.BytecodeProviderInitiator.initiateService(BytecodeProviderInitiator.java:22)
	at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.initiateService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:130)
	at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:263)
	at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:238)
	at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:215)
	at org.hibernate.boot.internal.SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.<init>(SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.java:70)
	at org.hibernate.boot.internal.SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.<init>(SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.java:47)
	at org.hibernate.boot.internal.DefaultSessionFactoryBuilderService.createSessionFactoryBuilder(DefaultSessionFactoryBuilderService.java:26)
	at org.hibernate.boot.internal.MetadataImpl.getSessionFactoryBuilder(MetadataImpl.java:175)
	at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:1513)
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.java:66)
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:390)
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:419)
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:400)
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:366)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1873)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1822)
	... 16 more

[HydroCarbon]

It's a multi module project. have those plugin in root pom:

                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.hibernate.orm.tooling</groupId>
                    <artifactId>hibernate-enhance-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <id>enhance</id>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>enhance</goal>
                            </goals>
                            <configuration>
                                <enableLazyInitialization>true</enableLazyInitialization>
                                <enableDirtyTracking>true</enableDirtyTracking>
                                <enableAssociationManagement>true</enableAssociationManagement>
                            </configuration>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>

                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.graalvm.buildtools</groupId>
                    <artifactId>native-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>

and those plugin in Main application pom:

                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.hibernate.orm.tooling</groupId>
                    <artifactId>hibernate-enhance-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <id>enhance</id>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>enhance</goal>
                            </goals>
                            <configuration>
                                <enableLazyInitialization>true</enableLazyInitialization>
                                <enableDirtyTracking>true</enableDirtyTracking>
                                <enableAssociationManagement>true</enableAssociationManagement>
                            </configuration>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>

                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.graalvm.buildtools</groupId>
                    <artifactId>native-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>

                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <excludes>
                            <exclude>
                                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                            </exclude>
                        </excludes>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>

And i try to add reachable metadata with:

<configuration>
                        <metadataRepository>
                            <enabled>true</enabled>
                            <version>0.3.22</version>
                        </metadataRepository>
                        <verbose>true</verbose>
                    </configuration>

It still has this error message.

I also try to this hint:

@Configuration
@ImportRuntimeHints(DataRuntimeHint.class)
public class DataRuntimeHint implements RuntimeHintsRegistrar {
    @Override
    public void registerHints(RuntimeHints hints, ClassLoader classLoader) {
        hints.reflection().registerType(BytecodeProviderImpl.class, MemberCategory.values());
    }
}

but failed too.

How to fix it?

[wilkinsona]

The BytecodeProvider should be automatically disabled by spring-orm as it isn't needed in a native image. It's disabled by its native-image.properties file. We'll transfer this to the Spring Framework issue tracker so that they can investigate why this doesn't appear to be working.

[sdeleuze]

@HydroCarbon What exact version and distribution of GraalVM native image are you using ?

[wengmy]

I'm having a similar issue on my MacBook (M1 chip).
SpringBoot: 3.4.7
Hibernate: 6.6.18.Final
GraalVM:

java 21.0.7 2025-04-15 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment Oracle GraalVM 21.0.7+8.1 (build 21.0.7+8-LTS-jvmci-23.1-b60)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM Oracle GraalVM 21.0.7+8.1 (build 21.0.7+8-LTS-jvmci-23.1-b60, mixed mode, sharing)

Stacktrace:

Application run failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory': org.hibernate.bytecode.spi.BytecodeProvider: org.hibernate.bytecode.internal.bytebuddy.BytecodeProviderImpl Unable to get public no-arg constructor
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1826)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:607)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:529)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:339)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:373)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:337)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:207)
        at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:970)
        at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:627)
        at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:146)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:752)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:439)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:318)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1361)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1350)
        at com.example.graalvm.GraalvmApplicationKt.main(GraalvmApplication.kt:13)
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$DMH/sa346b79c.invokeStaticInit(LambdaForm$DMH)
Caused by: java.util.ServiceConfigurationError: org.hibernate.bytecode.spi.BytecodeProvider: org.hibernate.bytecode.internal.bytebuddy.BytecodeProviderImpl Unable to get public no-arg constructor
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.ServiceLoader.fail(ServiceLoader.java:586)
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.ServiceLoader.getConstructor(ServiceLoader.java:679)
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.ServiceLoader$LazyClassPathLookupIterator.hasNextService(ServiceLoader.java:1240)
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.ServiceLoader$LazyClassPathLookupIterator.hasNext(ServiceLoader.java:1273)
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.ServiceLoader$2.hasNext(ServiceLoader.java:1309)
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.ServiceLoader$ProviderSpliterator.tryAdvance(ServiceLoader.java:1491)
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.Spliterators$1Adapter.hasNext(Spliterators.java:681)
        at org.hibernate.boot.registry.classloading.internal.AggregatedServiceLoader$ClassPathAndModulePathAggregatedServiceLoader.loadAll(AggregatedServiceLoader.java:123)
        at org.hibernate.boot.registry.classloading.internal.AggregatedServiceLoader$ClassPathAndModulePathAggregatedServiceLoader.getAll(AggregatedServiceLoader.java:112)
        at org.hibernate.boot.registry.classloading.internal.ClassLoaderServiceImpl.loadJavaServices(ClassLoaderServiceImpl.java:241)
        at org.hibernate.bytecode.internal.BytecodeProviderInitiator.initiateService(BytecodeProviderInitiator.java:51)
        at org.hibernate.bytecode.internal.BytecodeProviderInitiator.initiateService(BytecodeProviderInitiator.java:22)
        at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.initiateService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:130)
        at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:263)
        at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:238)
        at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:215)
        at org.hibernate.boot.internal.SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.<init>(SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.java:70)
        at org.hibernate.boot.internal.SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.<init>(SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.java:47)
        at org.hibernate.boot.internal.DefaultSessionFactoryBuilderService.createSessionFactoryBuilder(DefaultSessionFactoryBuilderService.java:26)
        at org.hibernate.boot.internal.MetadataImpl.getSessionFactoryBuilder(MetadataImpl.java:175)
        at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:1513)
        at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.java:66)
        at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:390)
        at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:419)
        at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:400)
        at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:366)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1873)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1822)
        ... 16 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: org.hibernate.bytecode.internal.bytebuddy.BytecodeProviderImpl.<init>()
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.lang.Class.checkMethod(DynamicHub.java:1078)
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.lang.Class.getConstructor0(DynamicHub.java:1241)
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.lang.Class.getConstructor(DynamicHub.java:2442)
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.ServiceLoader$1.run(ServiceLoader.java:666)
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.ServiceLoader$1.run(ServiceLoader.java:663)
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.security.AccessController.executePrivileged(AccessController.java:114)
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:571)
        at java.base@21.0.7/java.util.ServiceLoader.getConstructor(ServiceLoader.java:674)
        ... 42 more

Simple repo to reproduce: https://github.com/wengmy/graalvm/tree/main
Plus, in the logs of nativeCompile, I did see BytecodeProvider related messages, but seems not working at last?

> Task :nativeCompile
[native-image-plugin] GraalVM Toolchain detection is disabled
[native-image-plugin] GraalVM location read from environment variable: JAVA_HOME
[native-image-plugin] Native Image executable path: /Users/xxx/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/graalvm-jdk-21.0.7/Contents/Home/lib/svm/bin/native-image
Warning: The option '-H:ServiceLoaderFeatureExcludeServices=org.hibernate.bytecode.spi.BytecodeProvider' is experimental and must be enabled via '-H:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions' in the future.
Warning: Please re-evaluate whether any experimental option is required, and either remove or unlock it. The build output lists all active experimental options, including where they come from and possible alternatives. If you think an experimental option should be considered as stable, please file an issue.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 experimental option(s) unlocked:
 - '-H:ServiceLoaderFeatureExcludeServices' (origin(s): 'META-INF/native-image/org.springframework/spring-orm/native-image.properties' in 'file:///Users/xxx/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework/spring-orm/6.2.8/3bfe2a04c09ad1d7738b16e6e4636a7255be3af8/spring-orm-6.2.8.jar')
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[kcello]

I have the same problem, I tried with all the versions of springboot 3.4.x and 3.5.x but I can't solve it.
I used GraalVM comunity 17 - 21 - 24 and I don't know where to look anymore

[HydroCarbon]

@HydroCarbon What exact version and distribution of GraalVM native image are you using ?

❯ java -version
openjdk version "21.0.7" 2025-04-15 LTS
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Liberica-NIK-23.1.7-1 (build 21.0.7+9-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Liberica-NIK-23.1.7-1 (build 21.0.7+9-LTS, mixed mode, sharing)

[HydroCarbon]

The BytecodeProvider should be automatically disabled by spring-orm as it isn't needed in a native image. It's disabled by its native-image.properties file. We'll transfer this to the Spring Framework issue tracker so that they can investigate why this doesn't appear to be working.

I add this build arg,but still has same error:

<plugin>
                <groupId>org.graalvm.buildtools</groupId>
                <artifactId>native-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <buildArgs>
                        <buildArg>-H:ServiceLoaderFeatureExcludeServices=org.hibernate.bytecode.spi.BytecodeProvider
                        </buildArg>
                    </buildArgs>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

[HydroCarbon]

@HydroCarbon What exact version and distribution of GraalVM native image are you using ?

This is more logs for compile:

========================================================================================================================
GraalVM Native Image: Generating 'user-interface' (executable)...
========================================================================================================================
For detailed information and explanations on the build output, visit:
https://github.com/oracle/graal/blob/master/docs/reference-manual/native-image/BuildOutput.md
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1/8] Initializing...                                                                                    (7.4s @ 0.37GB)
 Java version: 21.0.7+9-LTS, vendor version: Liberica-NIK-23.1.7-1
 Graal compiler: optimization level: 2, target machine: armv8-a
 C compiler: cc (apple, arm64, 17.0.0)
 Garbage collector: Serial GC (max heap size: 80% of RAM)
 3 user-specific feature(s):
 - com.oracle.svm.thirdparty.gson.GsonFeature
 - org.eclipse.angus.activation.nativeimage.AngusActivationFeature
 - org.springframework.aot.nativex.feature.PreComputeFieldFeature
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 experimental option(s) unlocked:
 - '-H:ServiceLoaderFeatureExcludeServices' (origin(s): 'META-INF/native-image/org.springframework/spring-orm/native-image.properties' in 'file:///Users/hydro/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-orm/6.2.7/spring-orm-6.2.7.jar', command line)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------