GH-46854: [CI][MATLAB][Packaging] Add support for MATLAB R2025a in CI and crossbow packaging workflows

[sgilmore10]

Rationale for this change

MATLAB R2025a is now available for use with the matlab-actions/setup-matlab GitHub Action.

We should update the matlab.yml CI workflow, as well as the crossbow packaging workflows for the MATLAB MLTBX files to build against R2025a.

What changes are included in this PR?

1. Updated the .github/workflows/matlab.yml CI workflow file to build the MATLAB Interface against MATLAB R2025a.
2. Updated the dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml crossbow packaging workflow to build the MATLAB MLTBX files against MATLAB R2025a.

Are these changes tested?

1. MATLAB CI checks successfully passed on all platforms
2. Crossbow job: https://github.com/ursacomputing/crossbow/actions/runs/15742741282/job/44371945623

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.

1. All changes to the MATLAB interface will now be built against R2025a.
2. The MATLAB MLTBX release artifacts will now be built against R2025a.

• GitHub Issue: [CI][MATLAB][Packaging] Add support for MATLAB R2025a in CI and crossbow packaging workflows #46854

[sgilmore10]

@github-actions crossbow submit matlab

[github-actions]

Revision: 8e84bcb

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-eb3de31837

Task	Status
matlab

[kou]

+1

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 3 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit ecba8d9.

There were 118 benchmark results with an error:

• Commit Run on amd64-m5-4xlarge-linux at 2025-06-19 00:51:19Z
  • tpch (R) with engine=arrow, format=parquet, language=R, memory_map=False, query_id=TPCH-05, scale_factor=10
  • tpch (R) with engine=arrow, format=native, language=R, memory_map=False, query_id=TPCH-15, scale_factor=10
• and 116 more (see the report linked below)

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details.