diff --git a/.github/actions/people/app/main.py b/.github/actions/people/app/main.py index 1455d01caeee5..cdf423b97baa8 100644 --- a/.github/actions/people/app/main.py +++ b/.github/actions/people/app/main.py @@ -260,6 +260,7 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings): input_token: SecretStr input_standard_token: SecretStr github_repository: str + httpx_timeout: int = 30 def get_graphql_response( @@ -270,9 +271,10 @@ def get_graphql_response( response = httpx.post( github_graphql_url, headers=headers, + timeout=settings.httpx_timeout, json={"query": query, "variables": variables, "operationName": "Q"}, ) - if not response.status_code == 200: + if response.status_code != 200: logging.error(f"Response was not 200, after: {after}") logging.error(response.text) raise RuntimeError(response.text) diff --git a/.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml b/.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml index 9e71a461a7faf..d42b0854312b9 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs: steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v3 - name: Download Artifact Docs - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.21.1 + uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.23.0 with: github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} workflow: build-docs.yml diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml index 6944e4a25f8ed..c4c1d4d9e8787 100644 --- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml +++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml @@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ repos: - id: end-of-file-fixer - id: trailing-whitespace - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade - rev: v2.37.1 + rev: v2.37.3 hooks: - id: pyupgrade args: - --py3-plus - --keep-runtime-typing - repo: https://github.com/myint/autoflake - rev: v1.4 + rev: v1.5.3 hooks: - id: autoflake args: @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ repos: name: isort (pyi) types: [pyi] - repo: https://github.com/psf/black - rev: 22.6.0 + rev: 22.8.0 hooks: - id: black ci: diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 8415ff939c6ab..9d4f1cd902e46 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs wi The key features are: * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). - * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * * **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. @@ -48,10 +47,9 @@ The key features are: + - - @@ -133,7 +131,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi -You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. +You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn.
diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md index 322f95f629ccf..db412cf2c8e66 100644 --- a/SECURITY.md +++ b/SECURITY.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Learn more about it below. 👇 ## Versions -The latest versions of FastAPI are supported. +The latest version of FastAPI is supported. You are encouraged to [write tests](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/) for your application and update your FastAPI version frequently after ensuring that your tests are passing. This way you will benefit from the latest features, bug fixes, and **security fixes**. diff --git a/docs/de/docs/features.md b/docs/de/docs/features.md index d99ade4024bd0..f825472a9a940 100644 --- a/docs/de/docs/features.md +++ b/docs/de/docs/features.md @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Hierdurch werden Sie nie wieder einen falschen Schlüsselnamen benutzen und spar ### Kompakt -FastAPI nutzt für alles sinnvolle **Standard-Einstellungen**, welche optional überall konfiguriert werden können. Alle Parameter können ganz genau an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst werden, sodass sie genau die API definieren können, die sie brauchen. +FastAPI nutzt für alles sensible **Standard-Einstellungen**, welche optional überall konfiguriert werden können. Alle Parameter können ganz genau an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst werden, sodass sie genau die API definieren können, die sie brauchen. Aber standardmäßig, **"funktioniert einfach"** alles. @@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ Die gesamte Validierung übernimmt das etablierte und robuste **Pydantic**. ### Sicherheit und Authentifizierung -Sicherheit und Authentifizierung integriert. Ohne einen Kompromiss aufgrund einer Datenbank oder den Datenentitäten. +Integrierte Sicherheit und Authentifizierung. Ohne Kompromisse bei Datenbanken oder Datenmodellen. -Unterstützt alle von OpenAPI definierten Sicherheitsschemata, hierzu gehören: +Unterstützt werden alle von OpenAPI definierten Sicherheitsschemata, hierzu gehören: * HTTP Basis Authentifizierung. * **OAuth2** (auch mit **JWT Zugriffstokens**). Schauen Sie sich hierzu dieses Tutorial an: [OAuth2 mit JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. @@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ FastAPI enthält ein extrem einfaches, aber extrem mächtiges eines der schnellsten Python frameworks, auf Augenhöhe mit **NodeJS** und **Go**. +* Stark beeindruckende Performanz. Es ist eines der schnellsten Python Frameworks, auf Augenhöhe mit **NodeJS** und **Go**. * **WebSocket**-Unterstützung. * Hintergrundaufgaben im selben Prozess. * Ereignisse für das Starten und Herunterfahren. @@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ Mit **FastAPI** bekommen Sie alle Funktionen von **Pydantic** (da FastAPI für d * In Vergleichen ist Pydantic schneller als jede andere getestete Bibliothek. * Validierung von **komplexen Strukturen**: * Benutzung von hierachischen Pydantic Schemata, Python `typing`’s `List` und `Dict`, etc. - * Validierungen erlauben klare und einfache Datenschemadefinition, überprüft und dokumentiert als JSON Schema. + * Validierungen erlauben eine klare und einfache Datenschemadefinition, überprüft und dokumentiert als JSON Schema. * Sie können stark **verschachtelte JSON** Objekte haben und diese sind trotzdem validiert und annotiert. * **Erweiterbar**: - * Pydantic erlaubt die Definition von eigenen Datentypen oder Sie können die Validierung mit einer `validator` dekorierten Methode erweitern.. + * Pydantic erlaubt die Definition von eigenen Datentypen oder sie können die Validierung mit einer `validator` dekorierten Methode erweitern. * 100% Testabdeckung. diff --git a/docs/de/docs/index.md b/docs/de/docs/index.md index 8a63ddc58434f..07f51b1be7977 100644 --- a/docs/de/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/de/docs/index.md @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/en/data/external_links.yml b/docs/en/data/external_links.yml index 4a5791a43c16a..e9c4ef2f247c3 100644 --- a/docs/en/data/external_links.yml +++ b/docs/en/data/external_links.yml @@ -1,5 +1,9 @@ articles: english: + - author: New Relic + author_link: https://newrelic.com + link: https://newrelic.com/instant-observability/fastapi/e559ec64-f765-4470-a15f-1901fcebb468 + title: How to monitor FastAPI application performance using Python agent - author: Jean-Baptiste Rocher author_link: https://hashnode.com/@jibrocher link: https://dev.indooroutdoor.io/series/fastapi-react-poll-app @@ -212,6 +216,10 @@ articles: author_link: https://twitter.com/MantoshMukul link: https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/guide/tutorials/fastapi-aws-kubernetes/ title: Developing FastAPI Application using K8s & AWS + - author: KrishNa + author_link: https://medium.com/@krishnardt365 + link: https://medium.com/@krishnardt365/fastapi-docker-and-postgres-91943e71be92 + title: Fastapi, Docker(Docker compose) and Postgres german: - author: Nico Axtmann author_link: https://twitter.com/_nicoax diff --git a/docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml b/docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml index 6c1efcbbd96ba..891a990a420b0 100644 --- a/docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml +++ b/docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ sponsors: -- - 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login: Lovage-Labs + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/71685552?v=4 + url: https://github.com/Lovage-Labs - login: chaserowbotham avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/97751084?v=4 url: https://github.com/chaserowbotham @@ -47,9 +41,9 @@ sponsors: - - login: SendCloud avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7831959?v=4 url: https://github.com/SendCloud - - login: qaas - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/8503759?u=10a6b4391ad6ab4cf9487ce54e3fcb61322d1efc&v=4 - url: https://github.com/qaas + - login: mercedes-benz + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34240465?v=4 + url: https://github.com/mercedes-benz - login: xoflare avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/74335107?v=4 url: https://github.com/xoflare @@ -59,10 +53,10 @@ sponsors: - login: BoostryJP avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/57932412?v=4 url: https://github.com/BoostryJP -- - login: nnfuzzy - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/687670?v=4 - url: https://github.com/nnfuzzy - - login: johnadjei + - login: Jonathanjwp + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/110426978?u=5e6ed4984022cb8886c4fdfdc0c59f55c48a2f1d&v=4 + url: https://github.com/Jonathanjwp +- - login: johnadjei avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/767860?v=4 url: https://github.com/johnadjei - login: HiredScore @@ -71,6 +65,9 @@ sponsors: - login: wdwinslow avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/11562137?u=dc01daafb354135603a263729e3d26d939c0c452&v=4 url: https://github.com/wdwinslow + - login: khalidelboray + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/37024839?u=9a4b19123b5a1ba39dc581f8e4e1bc53fafdda2e&v=4 + url: https://github.com/khalidelboray - - login: moellenbeck avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/169372?v=4 url: https://github.com/moellenbeck @@ -80,27 +77,39 @@ sponsors: - login: tizz98 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5739698?u=f095a3659e3a8e7c69ccd822696990b521ea25f9&v=4 url: https://github.com/tizz98 + - 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count: 11 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7353520?u=62adc405ef418f4b6c8caa93d3eb8ab107bc4927&v=4 - url: https://github.com/Kludex - login: Smlep count: 10 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16785985?v=4 url: https://github.com/Smlep +- login: dependabot + count: 9 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/in/29110?v=4 + url: https://github.com/apps/dependabot - login: Serrones count: 8 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22691749?u=4795b880e13ca33a73e52fc0ef7dc9c60c8fce47&v=4 @@ -279,10 +275,10 @@ top_contributors: count: 5 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1175560?v=4 url: https://github.com/Attsun1031 -- login: dependabot +- login: ComicShrimp count: 5 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/in/29110?v=4 - url: https://github.com/apps/dependabot + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43503750?u=b3e4d9a14d9a65d429ce62c566aef73178b7111d&v=4 + url: https://github.com/ComicShrimp - login: jekirl count: 4 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2546697?u=a027452387d85bd4a14834e19d716c99255fb3b7&v=4 @@ -303,25 +299,29 @@ top_contributors: count: 4 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3360631?u=5fa1f475ad784d64eb9666bdd43cc4d285dcc773&v=4 url: https://github.com/hitrust +- login: rjNemo + count: 4 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/56785022?u=d5c3a02567c8649e146fcfc51b6060ccaf8adef8&v=4 + url: https://github.com/rjNemo - login: lsglucas count: 4 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/61513630?u=320e43fe4dc7bc6efc64e9b8f325f8075634fd20&v=4 url: https://github.com/lsglucas -- login: ComicShrimp - count: 4 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43503750?u=b3e4d9a14d9a65d429ce62c566aef73178b7111d&v=4 - url: https://github.com/ComicShrimp - login: NinaHwang count: 4 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/79563565?u=1741703bd6c8f491503354b363a86e879b4c1cab&v=4 url: https://github.com/NinaHwang top_reviewers: - login: Kludex - count: 95 + count: 96 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7353520?u=62adc405ef418f4b6c8caa93d3eb8ab107bc4927&v=4 url: https://github.com/Kludex +- login: BilalAlpaslan + count: 51 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/47563997?u=63ed66e304fe8d765762c70587d61d9196e5c82d&v=4 + url: https://github.com/BilalAlpaslan - login: tokusumi - count: 49 + count: 50 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/41147016?u=55010621aece725aa702270b54fed829b6a1fe60&v=4 url: https://github.com/tokusumi - login: waynerv @@ -332,10 +332,6 @@ top_reviewers: count: 47 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/59285379?v=4 url: https://github.com/Laineyzhang55 -- login: BilalAlpaslan - count: 45 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/47563997?u=63ed66e304fe8d765762c70587d61d9196e5c82d&v=4 - url: https://github.com/BilalAlpaslan - login: ycd count: 45 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/62724709?u=826f228edf0bab0d19ad1d5c4ba4df1047ccffef&v=4 @@ -345,7 +341,7 @@ top_reviewers: avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24587499?u=e772190a051ab0eaa9c8542fcff1892471638f2b&v=4 url: https://github.com/cikay - login: yezz123 - count: 34 + count: 39 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/52716203?u=636b4f79645176df4527dd45c12d5dbb5a4193cf&v=4 url: https://github.com/yezz123 - login: AdrianDeAnda @@ -356,6 +352,10 @@ top_reviewers: count: 31 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31127044?u=b0f2c37142f4b762e41ad65dc49581813422bd71&v=4 url: https://github.com/ArcLightSlavik +- login: JarroVGIT + count: 27 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13659033?u=e8bea32d07a5ef72f7dde3b2079ceb714923ca05&v=4 + url: https://github.com/JarroVGIT - login: cassiobotaro count: 25 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3127847?u=b0a652331da17efeb85cd6e3a4969182e5004804&v=4 @@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ top_reviewers: avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/39375566?u=260ad6b1a4b34c07dbfa728da5e586f16f6d1824&v=4 url: https://github.com/komtaki - login: hard-coders - count: 19 + count: 20 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9651103?u=95db33927bbff1ed1c07efddeb97ac2ff33068ed&v=4 url: https://github.com/hard-coders - login: 0417taehyun @@ -380,10 +380,6 @@ top_reviewers: count: 18 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/61513630?u=320e43fe4dc7bc6efc64e9b8f325f8075634fd20&v=4 url: https://github.com/lsglucas -- login: JarroVGIT - count: 18 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13659033?u=e8bea32d07a5ef72f7dde3b2079ceb714923ca05&v=4 - url: https://github.com/JarroVGIT - login: zy7y count: 17 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/67154681?u=5d634834cc514028ea3f9115f7030b99a1f4d5a4&v=4 @@ -424,6 +420,14 @@ top_reviewers: count: 12 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31848542?u=efb5b45b55584450507834f279ce48d4d64dea2f&v=4 url: https://github.com/RunningIkkyu +- login: odiseo0 + count: 12 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/87550035?u=ab724eae71c3fe1cf81e8dc76e73415da926ef7d&v=4 + url: https://github.com/odiseo0 +- login: LorhanSohaky + count: 11 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16273730?u=095b66f243a2cd6a0aadba9a095009f8aaf18393&v=4 + url: https://github.com/LorhanSohaky - login: solomein-sv count: 11 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46193920?u=46acfb4aeefb1d7b9fdc5a8cbd9eb8744683c47a&v=4 @@ -440,10 +444,10 @@ top_reviewers: count: 10 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7887703?v=4 url: https://github.com/maoyibo -- login: odiseo0 +- login: ComicShrimp count: 10 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/87550035?u=ab724eae71c3fe1cf81e8dc76e73415da926ef7d&v=4 - url: https://github.com/odiseo0 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43503750?u=b3e4d9a14d9a65d429ce62c566aef73178b7111d&v=4 + url: https://github.com/ComicShrimp - login: graingert count: 9 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/413772?v=4 @@ -460,6 +464,10 @@ top_reviewers: count: 9 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/69092910?u=4ac58eab99bd37d663f3d23551df96d4fbdbf760&v=4 url: https://github.com/bezaca +- login: izaguerreiro + count: 8 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2241504?v=4 + url: https://github.com/izaguerreiro - login: raphaelauv count: 8 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10202690?u=e6f86f5c0c3026a15d6b51792fa3e532b12f1371&v=4 @@ -472,10 +480,6 @@ top_reviewers: count: 8 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5690226?v=4 url: https://github.com/rogerbrinkmann -- login: ComicShrimp - count: 8 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43503750?u=b3e4d9a14d9a65d429ce62c566aef73178b7111d&v=4 - url: https://github.com/ComicShrimp - login: NinaHwang count: 8 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/79563565?u=1741703bd6c8f491503354b363a86e879b4c1cab&v=4 @@ -488,6 +492,10 @@ top_reviewers: count: 7 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22691749?u=4795b880e13ca33a73e52fc0ef7dc9c60c8fce47&v=4 url: https://github.com/Serrones +- login: jovicon + count: 7 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/21287303?u=b049eac3e51a4c0473c2efe66b4d28a7d8f2b572&v=4 + url: https://github.com/jovicon - login: ryuckel count: 7 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/36391432?u=094eec0cfddd5013f76f31e55e56147d78b19553&v=4 @@ -500,15 +508,3 @@ top_reviewers: count: 7 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1405026?v=4 url: https://github.com/Mause -- login: wakabame - count: 7 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35513518?v=4 - url: https://github.com/wakabame -- login: AlexandreBiguet - count: 7 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1483079?u=ff926455cd4cab03c6c49441aa5dc2b21df3e266&v=4 - url: https://github.com/AlexandreBiguet -- login: krocdort - count: 7 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34248814?v=4 - url: https://github.com/krocdort diff --git a/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml b/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml index 7fbb933e030a3..749f528c5122a 100644 --- a/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml +++ b/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml @@ -2,18 +2,15 @@ gold: - url: https://bit.ly/3dmXC5S title: The data structure for unstructured multimodal data img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/docarray.svg + - url: https://bit.ly/3JJ7y5C + title: Build cross-modal and multimodal applications on the cloud + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina2.svg - url: https://cryptapi.io/ title: "CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway." img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg - - url: https://app.imgwhale.xyz/ - title: The ultimate solution to unlimited and forever cloud storage. - img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/imgwhale.svg - url: https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python title: Help us migrate doist to FastAPI img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/doist.svg - - url: https://bit.ly/3JJ7y5C - title: Build cross-modal and multimodal applications on the cloud - img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina2.svg silver: - url: https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi title: The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md index 5d136da41b02c..dca5f6a985cc1 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Each of those response `dict`s can have a key `model`, containing a Pydantic mod For example, to declare another response with a status code `404` and a Pydantic model `Message`, you can write: -```Python hl_lines="18 23" +```Python hl_lines="18 22" {!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py!} ``` diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md index d5116233f8c55..e34f48f1732fa 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md @@ -26,13 +26,23 @@ The important difference for us is that with HTTPX we are not limited to synchro ## Example -For a simple example, let's consider the following `main.py` module: +For a simple example, let's consider a file structure similar to the one described in [Bigger Applications](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and [Testing](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank}: + +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│   ├── main.py +│   └── test_main.py +``` + +The file `main.py` would have: ```Python {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/main.py!} ``` -The `test_main.py` module that contains the tests for `main.py` could look like this now: +The file `test_main.py` would have the tests for `main.py`, it could look like this now: ```Python {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/test_main.py!} diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md index 546adad2a1945..ce2619e8de5fc 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md @@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ For example, if you are squeezing performance, you can install and use `orjson`, but with some custom settings not used in the included `ORJSONResponse` class. + +Let's say you want it to return indented and formatted JSON, so you want to use the orjson option `orjson.OPT_INDENT_2`. + +You could create a `CustomORJSONResponse`. The main thing you have to do is create a `Response.render(content)` method that returns the content as `bytes`: + +```Python hl_lines="9-14 17" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py!} +``` + +Now instead of returning: + +```json +{"message": "Hello World"} +``` + +...this response will return: + +```json +{ + "message": "Hello World" +} +``` + +Of course, you will probably find much better ways to take advantage of this than formatting JSON. 😉 + ## Default response class When creating a **FastAPI** class instance or an `APIRouter` you can specify which response class to use by default. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md index 80a063bb875a2..72daca06ad9f7 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ But FastAPI also supports using internal support for `dataclasses`. +This is still supported thanks to **Pydantic**, as it has internal support for `dataclasses`. So, even with the code above that doesn't use Pydantic explicitly, FastAPI is using Pydantic to convert those standard dataclasses to Pydantic's own flavor of dataclasses. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md index 138c90dd7c435..656ddbb3f5abe 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ It will have a *path operation* that will receive an `Invoice` body, and a query This part is pretty normal, most of the code is probably already familiar to you: -```Python hl_lines="10-14 37-54" +```Python hl_lines="9-13 36-53" {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} ``` @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ So we are going to use that same knowledge to document how the *external API* sh First create a new `APIRouter` that will contain one or more callbacks. -```Python hl_lines="5 26" +```Python hl_lines="3 25" {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} ``` @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ It should look just like a normal FastAPI *path operation*: * It should probably have a declaration of the body it should receive, e.g. `body: InvoiceEvent`. * And it could also have a declaration of the response it should return, e.g. `response_model=InvoiceEventReceived`. -```Python hl_lines="17-19 22-23 29-33" +```Python hl_lines="16-18 21-22 28-32" {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} ``` @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ At this point you have the *callback path operation(s)* needed (the one(s) that Now use the parameter `callbacks` in *your API's path operation decorator* to pass the attribute `.routes` (that's actually just a `list` of routes/*path operations*) from that callback router: -```Python hl_lines="36" +```Python hl_lines="35" {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} ``` diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md index 6c589cd9afe32..90c516808fc41 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md @@ -34,13 +34,19 @@ Here's a more complete example. Use a dependency to check if the username and password are correct. -For this, use the Python standard module `secrets` to check the username and password: +For this, use the Python standard module `secrets` to check the username and password. -```Python hl_lines="1 11-13" +`secrets.compare_digest()` needs to take `bytes` or a `str` that only contains ASCII characters (the ones in English), this means it wouldn't work with characters like `á`, as in `Sebastián`. + +To handle that, we first convert the `username` and `password` to `bytes` encoding them with UTF-8. + +Then we can use `secrets.compare_digest()` to ensure that `credentials.username` is `"stanleyjobson"`, and that `credentials.password` is `"swordfish"`. + +```Python hl_lines="1 11-21" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!} ``` -This will ensure that `credentials.username` is `"stanleyjobson"`, and that `credentials.password` is `"swordfish"`. This would be similar to: +This would be similar to: ```Python if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"): @@ -102,6 +108,6 @@ That way, using `secrets.compare_digest()` in your application code, it will be After detecting that the credentials are incorrect, return an `HTTPException` with a status code 401 (the same returned when no credentials are provided) and add the header `WWW-Authenticate` to make the browser show the login prompt again: -```Python hl_lines="15-19" +```Python hl_lines="23-27" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!} ``` diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md index 878ad37ddc31b..0e9bc5b06b378 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md @@ -2,6 +2,20 @@ You can use WebSockets with **FastAPI**. +## Install `WebSockets` + +First you need to install `WebSockets`: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install websockets + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ ## WebSockets client ### In production diff --git a/docs/en/docs/async.md b/docs/en/docs/async.md index 43473c822309d..c14a2cbb70ea8 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/async.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/async.md @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ async def read_results(): --- -If you are using a third party library that communicates with something (a database, an API, the file system, etc) and doesn't have support for using `await`, (this is currently the case for most database libraries), then declare your *path operation functions* as normally, with just `def`, like: +If you are using a third party library that communicates with something (a database, an API, the file system, etc.) and doesn't have support for using `await`, (this is currently the case for most database libraries), then declare your *path operation functions* as normally, with just `def`, like: ```Python hl_lines="2" @app.get('/') @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ If you just don't know, use normal `def`. --- -**Note**: you can mix `def` and `async def` in your *path operation functions* as much as you need and define each one using the best option for you. FastAPI will do the right thing with them. +**Note**: You can mix `def` and `async def` in your *path operation functions* as much as you need and define each one using the best option for you. FastAPI will do the right thing with them. Anyway, in any of the cases above, FastAPI will still work asynchronously and be extremely fast. @@ -136,6 +136,9 @@ You and your crush eat the burgers and have a nice time. ✨ +!!! info + Beautiful illustrations by Ketrina Thompson. 🎨 + --- Imagine you are the computer / program 🤖 in that story. @@ -196,6 +199,9 @@ You just eat them, and you are done. ⏹ There was not much talk or flirting as most of the time was spent waiting 🕙 in front of the counter. 😞 +!!! info + Beautiful illustrations by Ketrina Thompson. 🎨 + --- In this scenario of the parallel burgers, you are a computer / program 🤖 with two processors (you and your crush), both waiting 🕙 and dedicating their attention ⏯ to be "waiting on the counter" 🕙 for a long time. @@ -232,11 +238,7 @@ This "waiting" 🕙 is measured in microseconds, but still, summing it all, it's That's why it makes a lot of sense to use asynchronous ⏸🔀⏯ code for web APIs. -Most of the existing popular Python frameworks (including Flask and Django) were created before the new asynchronous features in Python existed. So, the ways they can be deployed support parallel execution and an older form of asynchronous execution that is not as powerful as the new capabilities. - -Even though the main specification for asynchronous web Python (ASGI) was developed at Django, to add support for WebSockets. - -That kind of asynchronicity is what made NodeJS popular (even though NodeJS is not parallel) and that's the strength of Go as a programming language. +This kind of asynchronicity is what made NodeJS popular (even though NodeJS is not parallel) and that's the strength of Go as a programming language. And that's the same level of performance you get with **FastAPI**. @@ -395,7 +397,7 @@ All that is what powers FastAPI (through Starlette) and what makes it have such These are very technical details of how **FastAPI** works underneath. - If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead. + If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc.) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead. ### Path operation functions diff --git a/docs/en/docs/contributing.md b/docs/en/docs/contributing.md index b3a2ff506cf1a..39d7dd19304dd 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/contributing.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/contributing.md @@ -84,7 +84,17 @@ To check it worked, use: If it shows the `pip` binary at `env/bin/pip` then it worked. 🎉 +Make sure you have the latest pip version on your virtual environment to avoid errors on the next steps: +
+ +```console +$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip + +---> 100% +``` + +
!!! tip Every time you install a new package with `pip` under that environment, activate the environment again. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/features.md b/docs/en/docs/features.md index e4672d5329347..02bb3ac1f2322 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/features.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/features.md @@ -195,6 +195,6 @@ With **FastAPI** you get all of **Pydantic**'s features (as FastAPI is based on * Use of hierarchical Pydantic models, Python `typing`’s `List` and `Dict`, etc. * And validators allow complex data schemas to be clearly and easily defined, checked and documented as JSON Schema. * You can have deeply **nested JSON** objects and have them all validated and annotated. -* **Extendible**: +* **Extensible**: * Pydantic allows custom data types to be defined or you can extend validation with methods on a model decorated with the validator decorator. * 100% test coverage. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/docarray-top-banner.svg b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/docarray-top-banner.svg index c48a3312b81a1..b2eca354437e6 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/docarray-top-banner.svg +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/docarray-top-banner.svg @@ -1 +1 @@ - + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/index.md b/docs/en/docs/index.md index 14a63c126f785..afdd62ceec01c 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/index.md @@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs wi The key features are: * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). - * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * * **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. @@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. +You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn.
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/python-types.md b/docs/en/docs/python-types.md index 963fcaf1cd580..3d22ee620af0d 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/python-types.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/python-types.md @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ The syntax using `typing` is **compatible** with all versions, from Python 3.6 t As Python advances, **newer versions** come with improved support for these type annotations and in many cases you won't even need to import and use the `typing` module to declare the type annotations. -If you can chose a more recent version of Python for your project, you will be able to take advantage of that extra simplicity. See some examples below. +If you can choose a more recent version of Python for your project, you will be able to take advantage of that extra simplicity. See some examples below. #### List @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ You can declare that a variable can be any of **several types**, for example, an In Python 3.6 and above (including Python 3.10) you can use the `Union` type from `typing` and put inside the square brackets the possible types to accept. -In Python 3.10 there's also an **alternative syntax** were you can put the possible types separated by a vertical bar (`|`). +In Python 3.10 there's also an **alternative syntax** where you can put the possible types separated by a vertical bar (`|`). === "Python 3.6 and above" @@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ If you are using a Python version below 3.10, here's a tip from my very **subjec Both are equivalent and underneath they are the same, but I would recommend `Union` instead of `Optional` because the word "**optional**" would seem to imply that the value is optional, and it actually means "it can be `None`", even if it's not optional and is still required. -I think `Union[str, SomeType]` is more explicit about what it means. +I think `Union[SomeType, None]` is more explicit about what it means. It's just about the words and names. But those words can affect how you and your teammates think about the code. @@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ These types that take type parameters in square brackets are called **Generic ty === "Python 3.9 and above" - You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brakets and types inside): + You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brackets and types inside): * `list` * `tuple` @@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ These types that take type parameters in square brackets are called **Generic ty === "Python 3.10 and above" - You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brakets and types inside): + You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brackets and types inside): * `list` * `tuple` diff --git a/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md b/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md index 6cd2a298c5d47..120b374e2cf98 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md @@ -2,10 +2,250 @@ ## Latest Changes -* ✨ Add illustrations for Concurrent burgers and Parallel burgers. PR [#5277](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5277) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.83.0 + +🚨 This is probably the last release (or one of the last releases) to support Python 3.6. 🔥 + +Python 3.6 reached the [end-of-life and is no longer supported by Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3615/) since around a year ago. + +You hopefully updated to a supported version of Python a while ago. If you haven't, you really should. + +### Features + +* ✨ Add support in `jsonable_encoder` for include and exclude with dataclasses. PR [#4923](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4923) by [@DCsunset](https://github.com/DCsunset). + +### Fixes + +* 🐛 Fix `RuntimeError` raised when `HTTPException` has a status code with no content. PR [#5365](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5365) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen). +* 🐛 Fix empty reponse body when default `status_code` is empty but the a `Response` parameter with `response.status_code` is set. PR [#5360](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5360) by [@tmeckel](https://github.com/tmeckel). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Update `SECURITY.md`. PR [#5377](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5377) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). + +### Internal + +* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5352](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5352) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci). + +## 0.82.0 + +🚨 This is probably the last release (or one of the last releases) to support Python 3.6. 🔥 + +Python 3.6 reached the [end-of-life and is no longer supported by Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3615/) since around a year ago. + +You hopefully updated to a supported version of Python a while ago. If you haven't, you really should. + +### Features + +* ✨ Export `WebSocketState` in `fastapi.websockets`. PR [#4376](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4376) by [@matiuszka](https://github.com/matiuszka). +* ✨ Support Python internal description on Pydantic model's docstring. PR [#3032](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3032) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). +* ✨ Update `ORJSONResponse` to support non `str` keys and serializing Numpy arrays. PR [#3892](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3892) by [@baby5](https://github.com/baby5). + +### Fixes + +* 🐛 Allow exit code for dependencies with `yield` to always execute, by removing capacity limiter for them, to e.g. allow closing DB connections without deadlocks. PR [#5122](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5122) by [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb). +* 🐛 Fix FastAPI People GitHub Action: set HTTPX timeout for GraphQL query request. PR [#5222](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5222) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen). +* 🐛 Make sure a parameter defined as required is kept required in OpenAPI even if defined as optional in another dependency. PR [#4319](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4319) by [@cd17822](https://github.com/cd17822). +* 🐛 Fix support for path parameters in WebSockets. PR [#3879](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3879) by [@davidbrochart](https://github.com/davidbrochart). + +### Docs + +* ✏ Update Hypercorn link, now pointing to GitHub. PR [#5346](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5346) by [@baconfield](https://github.com/baconfield). +* ✏ Tweak wording in `docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md`. PR [#3698](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3698) by [@pfackeldey](https://github.com/pfackeldey). +* 📝 Add note about Python 3.10 `X | Y` operator in explanation about Response Models. PR [#5307](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5307) by [@MendyLanda](https://github.com/MendyLanda). +* 📝 Add link to New Relic article: "How to monitor FastAPI application performance using Python agent". PR [#5260](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5260) by [@sjyothi54](https://github.com/sjyothi54). +* 📝 Update docs for `ORJSONResponse` with details about improving performance. PR [#2615](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2615) by [@falkben](https://github.com/falkben). +* 📝 Add docs for creating a custom Response class. PR [#5331](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5331) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Add tip about using alias for form data fields. PR [#5329](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5329) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/features.md`. PR [#5315](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5315) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). +* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md`. PR [#4529](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4529) by [@ASpathfinder](https://github.com/ASpathfinder). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md`. PR [#4969](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4969) by [@Zssaer](https://github.com/Zssaer). +* 🌐 Fix MkDocs file line for Portuguese translation of `background-task.md`. PR [#5242](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5242) by [@ComicShrimp](https://github.com/ComicShrimp). + +### Internal + +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5347](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5347) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions). +* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.22.0 to 2.23.0. PR [#5321](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5321) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5318](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5318) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci). +* ✏ Fix a small code highlight line error. PR [#5256](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5256) by [@hjlarry](https://github.com/hjlarry). +* ♻ Internal small refactor, move `operation_id` parameter position in delete method for consistency with the code. PR [#4474](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4474) by [@hiel](https://github.com/hiel). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, disable ImgWhale. PR [#5338](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5338) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.81.0 + +### Features + +* ✨ Add ReDoc `
-
+
diff --git a/docs/es/docs/index.md b/docs/es/docs/index.md index a4c2b7b83967d..aa3fa22280939 100644 --- a/docs/es/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/es/docs/index.md @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ También vas a necesitar un servidor ASGI para producción cómo ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/index.md index 9cbdb272759d2..e3671f381ef09 100644 --- a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/index.md +++ b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Para el tutorial, es posible que quieras instalarlo con todas las dependencias y
```console -$ pip install fastapi[all] +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all] También debes instalar `uvicorn` para que funcione como tu servidor: ``` - pip install uvicorn[standard] + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ``` Y lo mismo para cada una de las dependencias opcionales que quieras utilizar. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/async.md b/docs/fr/docs/async.md index 71c28b7039068..db88c4663ce3f 100644 --- a/docs/fr/docs/async.md +++ b/docs/fr/docs/async.md @@ -205,10 +205,6 @@ Cette "attente" 🕙 se mesure en microsecondes, mais tout de même, en cumulé C'est pourquoi il est logique d'utiliser du code asynchrone ⏸🔀⏯ pour des APIs web. -La plupart des frameworks Python existants (y compris Flask et Django) ont été créés avant que les nouvelles fonctionnalités asynchrones de Python n'existent. Donc, les façons dont ils peuvent être déployés supportent l'exécution parallèle et une ancienne forme d'exécution asynchrone qui n'est pas aussi puissante que les nouvelles fonctionnalités de Python. - -Et cela, bien que les spécifications principales du web asynchrone en Python (ou ASGI) ont été développées chez Django, pour ajouter le support des WebSockets. - Ce type d'asynchronicité est ce qui a rendu NodeJS populaire (bien que NodeJS ne soit pas parallèle) et c'est la force du Go en tant que langage de programmation. Et c'est le même niveau de performance que celui obtenu avec **FastAPI**. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/deployment/index.md b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..e855adfa3c1ed --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Déploiement - Intro + +Le déploiement d'une application **FastAPI** est relativement simple. + +## Que signifie le déploiement + +**Déployer** une application signifie effectuer les étapes nécessaires pour la rendre **disponible pour les +utilisateurs**. + +Pour une **API Web**, cela implique normalement de la placer sur une **machine distante**, avec un **programme serveur** +qui offre de bonnes performances, une bonne stabilité, _etc._, afin que vos **utilisateurs** puissent **accéder** à +l'application efficacement et sans interruption ni problème. + +Ceci contraste avec les étapes de **développement**, où vous êtes constamment en train de modifier le code, de le casser +et de le réparer, d'arrêter et de redémarrer le serveur de développement, _etc._ + +## Stratégies de déploiement + +Il existe plusieurs façons de procéder, en fonction de votre cas d'utilisation spécifique et des outils que vous +utilisez. + +Vous pouvez **déployer un serveur** vous-même en utilisant une combinaison d'outils, vous pouvez utiliser un **service +cloud** qui fait une partie du travail pour vous, ou encore d'autres options possibles. + +Je vais vous montrer certains des principaux concepts que vous devriez probablement avoir à l'esprit lors du déploiement +d'une application **FastAPI** (bien que la plupart de ces concepts s'appliquent à tout autre type d'application web). + +Vous verrez plus de détails à avoir en tête et certaines des techniques pour le faire dans les sections suivantes. ✨ diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/history-design-future.md b/docs/fr/docs/history-design-future.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..b77664be6c2c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/history-design-future.md @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +# Histoire, conception et avenir + +Il y a quelque temps, un utilisateur de **FastAPI** a demandé : + +> Quelle est l'histoire de ce projet ? Il semble être sorti de nulle part et est devenu génial en quelques semaines [...]. + +Voici un petit bout de cette histoire. + +## Alternatives + +Je crée des API avec des exigences complexes depuis plusieurs années (Machine Learning, systèmes distribués, jobs asynchrones, bases de données NoSQL, etc), en dirigeant plusieurs équipes de développeurs. + +Dans ce cadre, j'ai dû étudier, tester et utiliser de nombreuses alternatives. + +L'histoire de **FastAPI** est en grande partie l'histoire de ses prédécesseurs. + +Comme dit dans la section [Alternatives](alternatives.md){.internal-link target=\_blank} : + +
+ +**FastAPI** n'existerait pas sans le travail antérieur d'autres personnes. + +Il y a eu de nombreux outils créés auparavant qui ont contribué à inspirer sa création. + +J'ai évité la création d'un nouveau framework pendant plusieurs années. J'ai d'abord essayé de résoudre toutes les fonctionnalités couvertes par **FastAPI** en utilisant de nombreux frameworks, plug-ins et outils différents. + +Mais à un moment donné, il n'y avait pas d'autre option que de créer quelque chose qui offre toutes ces fonctionnalités, en prenant les meilleures idées des outils précédents, et en les combinant de la meilleure façon possible, en utilisant des fonctionnalités du langage qui n'étaient même pas disponibles auparavant (annotations de type pour Python 3.6+). + +
+ +## Recherche + +En utilisant toutes les alternatives précédentes, j'ai eu la chance d'apprendre de toutes, de prendre des idées, et de les combiner de la meilleure façon que j'ai pu trouver pour moi-même et les équipes de développeurs avec lesquelles j'ai travaillé. + +Par exemple, il était clair que l'idéal était de se baser sur les annotations de type Python standard. + +De plus, la meilleure approche était d'utiliser des normes déjà existantes. + +Ainsi, avant même de commencer à coder **FastAPI**, j'ai passé plusieurs mois à étudier les spécifications d'OpenAPI, JSON Schema, OAuth2, etc. Comprendre leurs relations, leurs similarités et leurs différences. + +## Conception + +Ensuite, j'ai passé du temps à concevoir l'"API" de développeur que je voulais avoir en tant qu'utilisateur (en tant que développeur utilisant FastAPI). + +J'ai testé plusieurs idées dans les éditeurs Python les plus populaires : PyCharm, VS Code, les éditeurs basés sur Jedi. + +D'après la dernière Enquête Développeurs Python, cela couvre environ 80% des utilisateurs. + +Cela signifie que **FastAPI** a été spécifiquement testé avec les éditeurs utilisés par 80% des développeurs Python. Et comme la plupart des autres éditeurs ont tendance à fonctionner de façon similaire, tous ses avantages devraient fonctionner pour pratiquement tous les éditeurs. + +Ainsi, j'ai pu trouver les meilleurs moyens de réduire autant que possible la duplication du code, d'avoir la complétion partout, les contrôles de type et d'erreur, etc. + +Le tout de manière à offrir la meilleure expérience de développement à tous les développeurs. + +## Exigences + +Après avoir testé plusieurs alternatives, j'ai décidé que j'allais utiliser **Pydantic** pour ses avantages. + +J'y ai ensuite contribué, pour le rendre entièrement compatible avec JSON Schema, pour supporter différentes manières de définir les déclarations de contraintes, et pour améliorer le support des éditeurs (vérifications de type, autocomplétion) sur la base des tests effectués dans plusieurs éditeurs. + +Pendant le développement, j'ai également contribué à **Starlette**, l'autre exigence clé. + +## Développement + +Au moment où j'ai commencé à créer **FastAPI** lui-même, la plupart des pièces étaient déjà en place, la conception était définie, les exigences et les outils étaient prêts, et la connaissance des normes et des spécifications était claire et fraîche. + +## Futur + +À ce stade, il est déjà clair que **FastAPI** et ses idées sont utiles pour de nombreuses personnes. + +Elle a été préférée aux solutions précédentes parce qu'elle convient mieux à de nombreux cas d'utilisation. + +De nombreux développeurs et équipes dépendent déjà de **FastAPI** pour leurs projets (y compris moi et mon équipe). + +Mais il y a encore de nombreuses améliorations et fonctionnalités à venir. + +**FastAPI** a un grand avenir devant lui. + +Et [votre aide](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=\_blank} est grandement appréciée. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/index.md b/docs/fr/docs/index.md index ae630985d73b7..69520445889cf 100644 --- a/docs/fr/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/fr/docs/index.md @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml b/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml index 53d1b2c587308..6bed7be73853e 100644 --- a/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml @@ -69,9 +69,11 @@ nav: - tutorial/background-tasks.md - async.md - Déploiement: + - deployment/index.md - deployment/docker.md - project-generation.md - alternatives.md +- history-design-future.md - external-links.md markdown_extensions: - toc: diff --git a/docs/id/docs/index.md b/docs/id/docs/index.md index ef31082dd62b6..3129f9dc6dc33 100644 --- a/docs/id/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/id/docs/index.md @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/id/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/id/docs/tutorial/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..8fec3c087e6ad --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/id/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +# Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna - Pengenalan + +Tutorial ini menunjukan cara menggunakan ***FastAPI*** dengan semua fitur-fiturnya, tahap demi tahap. + +Setiap bagian dibangun secara bertahap dari bagian sebelumnya, tetapi terstruktur untuk memisahkan banyak topik, sehingga kamu bisa secara langsung menuju ke topik spesifik untuk menyelesaikan kebutuhan API tertentu. + +Ini juga dibangun untuk digunakan sebagai referensi yang akan datang. + +Sehingga kamu dapat kembali lagi dan mencari apa yang kamu butuhkan dengan tepat. + +## Jalankan kode + +Semua blok-blok kode dapat dicopy dan digunakan langsung (Mereka semua sebenarnya adalah file python yang sudah teruji). + +Untuk menjalankan setiap contoh, copy kode ke file `main.py`, dan jalankan `uvicorn` dengan: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +**SANGAT disarankan** agar kamu menulis atau meng-copy kode, meng-editnya dan menjalankannya secara lokal. + +Dengan menggunakannya di dalam editor, benar-benar memperlihatkan manfaat dari FastAPI, melihat bagaimana sedikitnya kode yang harus kamu tulis, semua pengecekan tipe, pelengkapan otomatis, dll. + +--- + +## Install FastAPI + +Langkah pertama adalah dengan meng-install FastAPI. + +Untuk tutorial, kamu mungkin hendak meng-instalnya dengan semua pilihan fitur dan dependensinya: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +...yang juga termasuk `uvicorn`, yang dapat kamu gunakan sebagai server yang menjalankan kodemu. + +!!! catatan + Kamu juga dapat meng-instalnya bagian demi bagian. + + Hal ini mungkin yang akan kamu lakukan ketika kamu hendak men-deploy aplikasimu ke tahap produksi: + + ``` + pip install fastapi + ``` + + Juga install `uvicorn` untk menjalankan server" + + ``` + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + ``` + + Dan demikian juga untuk pilihan dependensi yang hendak kamu gunakan. + +## Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan + +Tersedia juga **Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan** yang dapat kamu baca nanti setelah **Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna** ini. + +**Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan**, dibangun atas hal ini, menggunakan konsep yang sama, dan mengajarkan kepadamu beberapa fitur tambahan. + +Tetapi kamu harus membaca terlebih dahulu **Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna** (apa yang sedang kamu baca sekarang). + +Hal ini didesain sehingga kamu dapat membangun aplikasi lengkap dengan hanya **Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna**, dan kemudian mengembangkannya ke banyak cara yang berbeda, tergantung dari kebutuhanmu, menggunakan beberapa ide-ide tambahan dari **Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan**. diff --git a/docs/it/docs/index.md b/docs/it/docs/index.md index 6a5ff8681cd4d..852a5e56e82b5 100644 --- a/docs/it/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/it/docs/index.md @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..fbd76e96b14e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +# NoSQL (分散 / ビッグデータ) Databases + +**FastAPI** はあらゆる NoSQLと統合することもできます。 + +ここではドキュメントベースのNoSQLデータベースである**Couchbase**を使用した例を見てみましょう。 + +他にもこれらのNoSQLデータベースを利用することが出来ます: + +* **MongoDB** +* **Cassandra** +* **CouchDB** +* **ArangoDB** +* **ElasticSearch** など。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + **FastAPI**と**Couchbase**を使った公式プロジェクト・ジェネレータがあります。すべて**Docker**ベースで、フロントエンドやその他のツールも含まれています: https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase + +## Couchbase コンポーネントの Import + +まずはImportしましょう。今はその他のソースコードに注意を払う必要はありません。 + +```Python hl_lines="3-5" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## "document type" として利用する定数の定義 + +documentで利用する固定の`type`フィールドを用意しておきます。 + +これはCouchbaseで必須ではありませんが、後々の助けになるベストプラクティスです。 + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## `Bucket` を取得する関数の追加 + +**Couchbase**では、bucketはdocumentのセットで、様々な種類のものがあります。 + +Bucketは通常、同一のアプリケーション内で互いに関係を持っています。 + +リレーショナルデータベースの世界でいう"database"(データベースサーバではなく特定のdatabase)と類似しています。 + +**MongoDB** で例えると"collection"と似た概念です。 + +次のコードでは主に `Bucket` を利用してCouchbaseを操作します。 + +この関数では以下の処理を行います: + +* **Couchbase** クラスタ(1台の場合もあるでしょう)に接続 + * タイムアウトのデフォルト値を設定 +* クラスタで認証を取得 +* `Bucket` インスタンスを取得 + * タイムアウトのデフォルト値を設定 +* 作成した`Bucket`インスタンスを返却 + +```Python hl_lines="12-21" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Pydantic モデルの作成 + +**Couchbase**のdocumentは実際には単にJSONオブジェクトなのでPydanticを利用してモデルに出来ます。 + +### `User` モデル + +まずは`User`モデルを作成してみましょう: + +```Python hl_lines="24-28" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +このモデルは*path operation*に使用するので`hashed_password`は含めません。 + +### `UserInDB` モデル + +それでは`UserInDB`モデルを作成しましょう。 + +こちらは実際にデータベースに保存されるデータを保持します。 + +`User`モデルの持つ全ての属性に加えていくつかの属性を追加するのでPydanticの`BaseModel`を継承せずに`User`のサブクラスとして定義します: + +```Python hl_lines="31-33" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "備考" + データベースに保存される`hashed_password`と`type`フィールドを`UserInDB`モデルに保持させていることに注意してください。 + + しかしこれらは(*path operation*で返却する)一般的な`User`モデルには含まれません + +## user の取得 + +それでは次の関数を作成しましょう: + +* username を取得する +* username を利用してdocumentのIDを生成する +* 作成したIDでdocumentを取得する +* documentの内容を`UserInDB`モデルに設定する + +*path operation関数*とは別に、`username`(またはその他のパラメータ)からuserを取得することだけに特化した関数を作成することで、より簡単に複数の部分で再利用したりユニットテストを追加することができます。 + +```Python hl_lines="36-42" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### f-strings + +`f"userprofile::{username}"` という記載に馴染みがありませんか?これは Python の"f-string"と呼ばれるものです。 + +f-stringの`{}`の中に入れられた変数は、文字列の中に展開/注入されます。 + +### `dict` アンパック + +`UserInDB(**result.value)`という記載に馴染みがありませんか?これは`dict`の"アンパック"と呼ばれるものです。 + +これは`result.value`の`dict`からそのキーと値をそれぞれ取りキーワード引数として`UserInDB`に渡します。 + +例えば`dict`が下記のようになっていた場合: + +```Python +{ + "username": "johndoe", + "hashed_password": "some_hash", +} +``` + +`UserInDB`には次のように渡されます: + +```Python +UserInDB(username="johndoe", hashed_password="some_hash") +``` + +## **FastAPI** コードの実装 + +### `FastAPI` app の作成 + +```Python hl_lines="46" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### *path operation関数*の作成 + +私たちのコードはCouchbaseを呼び出しており、実験的なPython awaitを使用していないので、私たちは`async def`ではなく通常の`def`で関数を宣言する必要があります。 + +また、Couchbaseは単一の`Bucket`オブジェクトを複数のスレッドで使用しないことを推奨していますので、単に直接Bucketを取得して関数に渡すことが出来ます。 + +```Python hl_lines="49-53" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## まとめ + +他のサードパーティ製のNoSQLデータベースを利用する場合でも、そのデータベースの標準ライブラリを利用するだけで利用できます。 + +他の外部ツール、システム、APIについても同じことが言えます。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/deployment/manually.md b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/manually.md index dd4b568bdcd65..67010a66f489d 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/deployment/manually.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/manually.md @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
```console - $ pip install uvicorn[standard] + $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/index.md b/docs/ja/docs/index.md index 9dc2e39a4c80e..177a78786cb39 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/index.md @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/index.md index 29fc86f94bcd8..a2dd59c9b03cb 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/index.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --reload
```console -$ pip install fastapi[all] +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all] また、サーバーとして動作するように`uvicorn` をインストールします: ``` - pip install uvicorn[standard] + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ``` そして、使用したい依存関係をそれぞれ同様にインストールします。 diff --git a/docs/ja/mkdocs.yml b/docs/ja/mkdocs.yml index 985bb24d0b515..b3f18bbdd305f 100644 --- a/docs/ja/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/ja/mkdocs.yml @@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ nav: - advanced/additional-status-codes.md - advanced/response-directly.md - advanced/custom-response.md + - advanced/nosql-databases.md - advanced/conditional-openapi.md - async.md - デプロイ: diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/index.md b/docs/ko/docs/index.md index ea93f3fbef6b4..6d35afc47f282 100644 --- a/docs/ko/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/ko/docs/index.md @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/index.md index 622aad1aa6ac8..d6db525e8dbd6 100644 --- a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/index.md +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --reload
```console -$ pip install fastapi[all] +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml b/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml index 70cb419ba1d22..50931e134cf06 100644 --- a/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml @@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ nav: - tutorial/response-status-code.md - tutorial/request-files.md - tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md + - tutorial/encoder.md markdown_extensions: - toc: permalink: true diff --git a/docs/pl/docs/index.md b/docs/pl/docs/index.md index 8dc2481dd36a3..671c235a67098 100644 --- a/docs/pl/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/pl/docs/index.md @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Na serwerze produkcyjnym będziesz także potrzebował serwera ASGI, np. ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/deployment.md b/docs/pt/docs/deployment.md index cd820cbd3c97b..2272467fdea0c 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/deployment.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/deployment.md @@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ Você apenas precisa instalar um servidor ASGI compatível como:
```console - $ pip install uvicorn[standard] + $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/index.md b/docs/pt/docs/index.md index 8e5d0d651bcfc..ccbb8dba8dbec 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/index.md @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ Você também precisará de um servidor ASGI para produção, tal como ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..97a2e3eac9531 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ +# Manipulação de erros + +Há diversas situações em que você precisa notificar um erro a um cliente que está utilizando a sua API. + +Esse cliente pode ser um browser com um frontend, o código de outra pessoa, um dispositivo IoT, etc. + +Pode ser que você precise comunicar ao cliente que: + +* O cliente não tem direitos para realizar aquela operação. +* O cliente não tem acesso aquele recurso. +* O item que o cliente está tentando acessar não existe. +* etc. + + +Nesses casos, você normalmente retornaria um **HTTP status code** próximo ao status code na faixa do status code **400** (do 400 ao 499). + +Isso é bastante similar ao caso do HTTP status code 200 (do 200 ao 299). Esses "200" status codes significam que, de algum modo, houve sucesso na requisição. + +Os status codes na faixa dos 400 significam que houve um erro por parte do cliente. + +Você se lembra de todos aqueles erros (e piadas) a respeito do "**404 Not Found**"? + +## Use o `HTTPException` + +Para retornar ao cliente *responses* HTTP com erros, use o `HTTPException`. + +### Import `HTTPException` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Lance o `HTTPException` no seu código. + +`HTTPException`, ao fundo, nada mais é do que a conjunção entre uma exceção comum do Python e informações adicionais relevantes para APIs. + +E porque é uma exceção do Python, você não **retorna** (return) o `HTTPException`, você lança o (raise) no seu código. + +Isso também significa que, se você está escrevendo uma função de utilidade, a qual você está chamando dentro da sua função de operações de caminhos, e você lança o `HTTPException` dentro da função de utilidade, o resto do seu código não será executado dentro da função de operações de caminhos. Ao contrário, o `HTTPException` irá finalizar a requisição no mesmo instante e enviará o erro HTTP oriundo do `HTTPException` para o cliente. + +O benefício de lançar uma exceção em vez de retornar um valor ficará mais evidente na seção sobre Dependências e Segurança. + +Neste exemplo, quando o cliente pede, na requisição, por um item cujo ID não existe, a exceção com o status code `404` é lançada: + +```Python hl_lines="11" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### A response resultante + + +Se o cliente faz uma requisição para `http://example.com/items/foo` (um `item_id` `"foo"`), esse cliente receberá um HTTP status code 200, e uma resposta JSON: + + +``` +{ + "item": "The Foo Wrestlers" +} +``` + +Mas se o cliente faz uma requisição para `http://example.com/items/bar` (ou seja, um não existente `item_id "bar"`), esse cliente receberá um HTTP status code 404 (o erro "não encontrado" — *not found error*), e uma resposta JSON: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": "Item not found" +} +``` + +!!! tip "Dica" + Quando você lançar um `HTTPException`, você pode passar qualquer valor convertível em JSON como parâmetro de `detail`, e não apenas `str`. + + Você pode passar um `dict` ou um `list`, etc. + Esses tipos de dados são manipulados automaticamente pelo **FastAPI** e convertidos em JSON. + + +## Adicione headers customizados + +Há certas situações em que é bastante útil poder adicionar headers customizados no HTTP error. Exemplo disso seria adicionar headers customizados para tipos de segurança. + +Você provavelmente não precisará utilizar esses headers diretamente no seu código. + +Mas caso você precise, para um cenário mais complexo, você pode adicionar headers customizados: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## Instalando manipuladores de exceções customizados + +Você pode adicionar manipuladores de exceção customizados com a mesma seção de utilidade de exceções presentes no Starlette + +Digamos que você tenha uma exceção customizada `UnicornException` que você (ou uma biblioteca que você use) precise lançar (`raise`). + +Nesse cenário, se você precisa manipular essa exceção de modo global com o FastAPI, você pode adicionar um manipulador de exceção customizada com `@app.exception_handler()`. + +```Python hl_lines="5-7 13-18 24" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +Nesse cenário, se você fizer uma requisição para `/unicorns/yolo`, a *operação de caminho* vai lançar (`raise`) o `UnicornException`. + +Essa exceção será manipulada, contudo, pelo `unicorn_exception_handler`. + +Dessa forma você receberá um erro "limpo", com o HTTP status code `418` e um JSON com o conteúdo: + +```JSON +{"message": "Oops! yolo did something. There goes a rainbow..."} +``` + +!!! note "Detalhes Técnicos" + Você também pode usar `from starlette.requests import Request` and `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`. + + **FastAPI** disponibiliza o mesmo `starlette.responses` através do `fastapi.responses` por conveniência ao desenvolvedor. Contudo, a maior parte das respostas disponíveis vem diretamente do Starlette. O mesmo acontece com o `Request`. + +## Sobrescreva o manipulador padrão de exceções + +**FastAPI** tem alguns manipuladores padrão de exceções. + +Esses manipuladores são os responsáveis por retornar o JSON padrão de respostas quando você lança (`raise`) o `HTTPException` e quando a requisição tem dados invalidos. + +Você pode sobrescrever esses manipuladores de exceção com os seus próprios manipuladores. + +## Sobrescreva exceções de validação da requisição + +Quando a requisição contém dados inválidos, **FastAPI** internamente lança para o `RequestValidationError`. + +Para sobrescrevê-lo, importe o `RequestValidationError` e use-o com o `@app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)` para decorar o manipulador de exceções. + +```Python hl_lines="2 14-16" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +Se você for ao `/items/foo`, em vez de receber o JSON padrão com o erro: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "path", + "item_id" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ] +} +``` + +você receberá a versão em texto: + +``` +1 validation error +path -> item_id + value is not a valid integer (type=type_error.integer) +``` + +### `RequestValidationError` vs `ValidationError` + +!!! warning "Aviso" + Você pode pular estes detalhes técnicos caso eles não sejam importantes para você neste momento. + +`RequestValidationError` é uma subclasse do `ValidationError` existente no Pydantic. + +**FastAPI** faz uso dele para que você veja o erro no seu log, caso você utilize um modelo de Pydantic em `response_model`, e seus dados tenham erro. + +Contudo, o cliente ou usuário não terão acesso a ele. Ao contrário, o cliente receberá um "Internal Server Error" com o HTTP status code `500`. + +E assim deve ser porque seria um bug no seu código ter o `ValidationError` do Pydantic na sua *response*, ou em qualquer outro lugar do seu código (que não na requisição do cliente). + +E enquanto você conserta o bug, os clientes / usuários não deveriam ter acesso às informações internas do erro, porque, desse modo, haveria exposição de uma vulnerabilidade de segurança. + +Do mesmo modo, você pode sobreescrever o `HTTPException`. + +Por exemplo, você pode querer retornar uma *response* em *plain text* ao invés de um JSON para os seguintes erros: + +```Python hl_lines="3-4 9-11 22" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +!!! note "Detalhes Técnicos" + Você pode usar `from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse`. + + **FastAPI** disponibiliza o mesmo `starlette.responses` como `fastapi.responses`, como conveniência a você, desenvolvedor. Contudo, a maior parte das respostas disponíveis vem diretamente do Starlette. + + +### Use o body do `RequestValidationError`. + +O `RequestValidationError` contém o `body` que ele recebeu de dados inválidos. + +Você pode utilizá-lo enquanto desenvolve seu app para conectar o *body* e debugá-lo, e assim retorná-lo ao usuário, etc. + +Tente enviar um item inválido como este: + +```JSON +{ + "title": "towel", + "size": "XL" +} +``` + +Você receberá uma *response* informando-o de que a data é inválida, e contendo o *body* recebido: + +```JSON hl_lines="12-15" +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "body", + "size" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ], + "body": { + "title": "towel", + "size": "XL" + } +} +``` + +#### O `HTTPException` do FastAPI vs o `HTTPException` do Starlette. + +O **FastAPI** tem o seu próprio `HTTPException`. + +E a classe de erro `HTTPException` do **FastAPI** herda da classe de erro do `HTTPException` do Starlette. + +A diferença entre os dois é a de que o `HTTPException` do **FastAPI** permite que você adicione *headers* que serão incluídos nas *responses*. + +Esses *headers* são necessários/utilizados internamente pelo OAuth 2.0 e também por outras utilidades de segurança. + +Portanto, você pode continuar lançando o `HTTPException` do **FastAPI** normalmente no seu código. + +Porém, quando você registrar um manipulador de exceção, você deve registrá-lo através do `HTTPException` do Starlette. + +Dessa forma, se qualquer parte do código interno, extensão ou plug-in do Starlette lançar o `HTTPException`, o seu manipulador de exceção poderá capturar esse lançamento e tratá-lo. + +```Python +from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException +``` + +### Re-use os manipulares de exceção do **FastAPI** + +Se você quer usar a exceção em conjunto com o mesmo manipulador de exceção *default* do **FastAPI**, você pode importar e re-usar esses manipuladores de exceção do `fastapi.exception_handlers`: + +```Python hl_lines="2-5 15 21" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +Nesse exemplo você apenas imprime (`print`) o erro com uma mensagem expressiva. Mesmo assim, dá para pegar a ideia. Você pode usar a exceção e então apenas re-usar o manipulador de exceção *default*. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/header-params.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/header-params.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..94ee784cd220b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/header-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +# Parâmetros de Cabeçalho + +Você pode definir parâmetros de Cabeçalho da mesma maneira que define paramêtros com `Query`, `Path` e `Cookie`. + +## importe `Header` + +Primeiro importe `Header`: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +## Declare parâmetros de `Header` + +Então declare os paramêtros de cabeçalho usando a mesma estrutura que em `Path`, `Query` e `Cookie`. + +O primeiro valor é o valor padrão, você pode passar todas as validações adicionais ou parâmetros de anotação: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! note "Detalhes Técnicos" + `Header` é uma classe "irmã" de `Path`, `Query` e `Cookie`. Ela também herda da mesma classe em comum `Param`. + + Mas lembre-se que quando você importa `Query`, `Path`, `Header`, e outras de `fastapi`, elas são na verdade funções que retornam classes especiais. + +!!! info + Para declarar headers, você precisa usar `Header`, caso contrário, os parâmetros seriam interpretados como parâmetros de consulta. + +## Conversão automática + +`Header` tem algumas funcionalidades a mais em relação a `Path`, `Query` e `Cookie`. + +A maioria dos cabeçalhos padrão são separados pelo caractere "hífen", também conhecido como "sinal de menos" (`-`). + +Mas uma variável como `user-agent` é inválida em Python. + +Portanto, por padrão, `Header` converterá os caracteres de nomes de parâmetros de sublinhado (`_`) para hífen (`-`) para extrair e documentar os cabeçalhos. + +Além disso, os cabeçalhos HTTP não diferenciam maiúsculas de minúsculas, portanto, você pode declará-los com o estilo padrão do Python (também conhecido como "snake_case"). + +Portanto, você pode usar `user_agent` como faria normalmente no código Python, em vez de precisar colocar as primeiras letras em maiúsculas como `User_Agent` ou algo semelhante. + +Se por algum motivo você precisar desabilitar a conversão automática de sublinhados para hífens, defina o parâmetro `convert_underscores` de `Header` para `False`: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! warning "Aviso" + Antes de definir `convert_underscores` como `False`, lembre-se de que alguns proxies e servidores HTTP não permitem o uso de cabeçalhos com sublinhados. + +## Cabeçalhos duplicados + +É possível receber cabeçalhos duplicados. Isso significa, o mesmo cabeçalho com vários valores. + +Você pode definir esses casos usando uma lista na declaração de tipo. + +Você receberá todos os valores do cabeçalho duplicado como uma `list` Python. + +Por exemplo, para declarar um cabeçalho de `X-Token` que pode aparecer mais de uma vez, você pode escrever: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +Se você se comunicar com essa *operação de caminho* enviando dois cabeçalhos HTTP como: + +``` +X-Token: foo +X-Token: bar +``` + +A resposta seria como: + +```JSON +{ + "X-Token values": [ + "bar", + "foo" + ] +} +``` + +## Recapitulando + +Declare cabeçalhos com `Header`, usando o mesmo padrão comum que utiliza-se em `Query`, `Path` e `Cookie`. + +E não se preocupe com sublinhados em suas variáveis, FastAPI cuidará da conversão deles. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/index.md index f93fd8d75c74e..b1abd32bc19ab 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/index.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Para o tutorial, você deve querer instalá-lo com todas as dependências e recu
```console -$ pip install fastapi[all] +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all] Também instale o `uvicorn` para funcionar como servidor: ``` - pip install uvicorn[standard] + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ``` E o mesmo para cada dependência opcional que você quiser usar. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..1897243961b73 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,224 @@ +# Parâmetros de Consulta + +Quando você declara outros parâmetros na função que não fazem parte dos parâmetros da rota, esses parâmetros são automaticamente interpretados como parâmetros de "consulta". + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +A consulta é o conjunto de pares chave-valor que vai depois de `?` na URL, separado pelo caractere `&`. + +Por exemplo, na URL: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 +``` + +...os parâmetros da consulta são: + +* `skip`: com o valor `0` +* `limit`: com o valor `10` + +Como eles são parte da URL, eles são "naturalmente" strings. + +Mas quando você declara eles com os tipos do Python (no exemplo acima, como `int`), eles são convertidos para aquele tipo e validados em relação a ele. + +Todo o processo que era aplicado para parâmetros de rota também é aplicado para parâmetros de consulta: + +* Suporte do editor (obviamente) +* "Parsing" de dados +* Validação de dados +* Documentação automática + +## Valores padrão + +Como os parâmetros de consulta não são uma parte fixa da rota, eles podem ser opcionais e podem ter valores padrão. + +No exemplo acima eles tem valores padrão de `skip=0` e `limit=10`. + +Então, se você for até a URL: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/ +``` + +Seria o mesmo que ir para: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 +``` + +Mas, se por exemplo você for para: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=20 +``` + +Os valores dos parâmetros na sua função serão: + +* `skip=20`: Por que você definiu isso na URL +* `limit=10`: Por que esse era o valor padrão + +## Parâmetros opcionais + +Da mesma forma, você pode declarar parâmetros de consulta opcionais, definindo o valor padrão para `None`: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +Nesse caso, o parâmetro da função `q` será opcional, e `None` será o padrão. + +!!! check "Verificar" + Você também pode notar que o **FastAPI** é esperto o suficiente para perceber que o parâmetro da rota `item_id` é um parâmetro da rota, e `q` não é, portanto, `q` é o parâmetro de consulta. + + +## Conversão dos tipos de parâmetros de consulta + +Você também pode declarar tipos `bool`, e eles serão convertidos: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +Nesse caso, se você for para: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=1 +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=True +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=true +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=on +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes +``` + +ou qualquer outra variação (tudo em maiúscula, primeira letra em maiúscula, etc), a sua função vai ver o parâmetro `short` com um valor `bool` de `True`. Caso contrário `False`. + +## Múltiplos parâmetros de rota e consulta + +Você pode declarar múltiplos parâmetros de rota e parâmetros de consulta ao mesmo tempo, o **FastAPI** vai saber o quê é o quê. + +E você não precisa declarar eles em nenhuma ordem específica. + +Eles serão detectados pelo nome: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="8 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="6 8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +## Parâmetros de consulta obrigatórios + +Quando você declara um valor padrão para parâmetros que não são de rota (até agora, nós vimos apenas parâmetros de consulta), então eles não são obrigatórios. + +Caso você não queira adicionar um valor específico mas queira apenas torná-lo opcional, defina o valor padrão como `None`. + +Porém, quando você quiser fazer com que o parâmetro de consulta seja obrigatório, você pode simplesmente não declarar nenhum valor como padrão. + +```Python hl_lines="6-7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +Aqui o parâmetro de consulta `needy` é um valor obrigatório, do tipo `str`. + +Se você abrir no seu navegador a URL: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item +``` + +... sem adicionar o parâmetro obrigatório `needy`, você verá um erro como: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "query", + "needy" + ], + "msg": "field required", + "type": "value_error.missing" + } + ] +} +``` + +Como `needy` é um parâmetro obrigatório, você precisaria defini-lo na URL: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item?needy=sooooneedy +``` + +...isso deve funcionar: + +```JSON +{ + "item_id": "foo-item", + "needy": "sooooneedy" +} +``` + +E claro, você pode definir alguns parâmetros como obrigatórios, alguns possuindo um valor padrão, e outros sendo totalmente opcionais: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006_py310.py!} + ``` +Nesse caso, existem 3 parâmetros de consulta: + +* `needy`, um `str` obrigatório. +* `skip`, um `int` com o valor padrão `0`. +* `limit`, um `int` opcional. + +!!! tip "Dica" + Você também poderia usar `Enum` da mesma forma que com [Path Parameters](path-params.md#predefined-values){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..ed07d1c963102 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ +# Segurança - Primeiros Passos + +Vamos imaginar que você tem a sua API **backend** em algum domínio. + +E você tem um **frontend** em outro domínio ou em um path diferente no mesmo domínio (ou em uma aplicação mobile). + +E você quer uma maneira de o frontend autenticar o backend, usando um **username** e **senha**. + +Nós podemos usar o **OAuth2** junto com o **FastAPI**. + +Mas, vamos poupar-lhe o tempo de ler toda a especificação apenas para achar as pequenas informações que você precisa. + +Vamos usar as ferramentas fornecidas pela **FastAPI** para lidar com segurança. + +## Como Parece + +Vamos primeiro usar o código e ver como funciona, e depois voltaremos para entender o que está acontecendo. + +## Crie um `main.py` +Copie o exemplo em um arquivo `main.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Execute-o + +!!! informação + Primeiro, instale `python-multipart`. + + Ex: `pip install python-multipart`. + + Isso ocorre porque o **OAuth2** usa "dados de um formulário" para mandar o **username** e **senha**. + +Execute esse exemplo com: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +## Verifique-o + +Vá até a documentação interativa em: http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +Você verá algo deste tipo: + + + +!!! marque o "botão de Autorizar!" + Você já tem um novo "botão de autorizar!". + + E seu *path operation* tem um pequeno cadeado no canto superior direito que você pode clicar. + +E se você clicar, você terá um pequeno formulário de autorização para digitar o `username` e `senha` (e outros campos opcionais): + + + +!!! nota + Não importa o que você digita no formulário, não vai funcionar ainda. Mas nós vamos chegar lá. + +Claro que este não é o frontend para os usuários finais, mas é uma ótima ferramenta automática para documentar interativamente toda sua API. + +Pode ser usado pelo time de frontend (que pode ser você no caso). + +Pode ser usado por aplicações e sistemas third party (de terceiros). + +E também pode ser usada por você mesmo, para debugar, checar e testar a mesma aplicação. + +## O Fluxo da `senha` + +Agora vamos voltar um pouco e entender o que é isso tudo. + +O "fluxo" da `senha` é um dos caminhos ("fluxos") definidos no OAuth2, para lidar com a segurança e autenticação. + +OAuth2 foi projetado para que o backend ou a API pudesse ser independente do servidor que autentica o usuário. + +Mas nesse caso, a mesma aplicação **FastAPI** irá lidar com a API e a autenticação. + +Então, vamos rever de um ponto de vista simplificado: + +* O usuário digita o `username` e a `senha` no frontend e aperta `Enter`. +* O frontend (rodando no browser do usuário) manda o `username` e a `senha` para uma URL específica na sua API (declarada com `tokenUrl="token"`). +* A API checa aquele `username` e `senha`, e responde com um "token" (nós não implementamos nada disso ainda). + * Um "token" é apenas uma string com algum conteúdo que nós podemos utilizar mais tarde para verificar o usuário. + * Normalmente, um token é definido para expirar depois de um tempo. + * Então, o usuário terá que se logar de novo depois de um tempo. + * E se o token for roubado, o risco é menor. Não é como se fosse uma chave permanente que vai funcionar para sempre (na maioria dos casos). + * O frontend armazena aquele token temporariamente em algum lugar. + * O usuário clica no frontend para ir à outra seção daquele frontend do aplicativo web. + * O frontend precisa buscar mais dados daquela API. + * Mas precisa de autenticação para aquele endpoint em específico. + * Então, para autenticar com nossa API, ele manda um header de `Autorização` com o valor `Bearer` mais o token. + * Se o token contém `foobar`, o conteúdo do header de `Autorização` será: `Bearer foobar`. + +## **FastAPI**'s `OAuth2PasswordBearer` + +**FastAPI** fornece várias ferramentas, em diferentes níveis de abstração, para implementar esses recursos de segurança. + +Neste exemplo, nós vamos usar o **OAuth2** com o fluxo de **Senha**, usando um token **Bearer**. Fazemos isso usando a classe `OAuth2PasswordBearer`. + +!!! informação + Um token "bearer" não é a única opção. + + Mas é a melhor no nosso caso. + + E talvez seja a melhor para a maioria dos casos, a não ser que você seja um especialista em OAuth2 e saiba exatamente o porquê de existir outras opções que se adequam melhor às suas necessidades. + + Nesse caso, **FastAPI** também fornece as ferramentas para construir. + +Quando nós criamos uma instância da classe `OAuth2PasswordBearer`, nós passamos pelo parâmetro `tokenUrl` Esse parâmetro contém a URL que o client (o frontend rodando no browser do usuário) vai usar para mandar o `username` e `senha` para obter um token. + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! dica + Esse `tokenUrl="token"` se refere a uma URL relativa que nós não criamos ainda. Como é uma URL relativa, é equivalente a `./token`. + + Porque estamos usando uma URL relativa, se sua API estava localizada em `https://example.com/`, então irá referir-se à `https://example.com/token`. Mas se sua API estava localizada em `https://example.com/api/v1/`, então irá referir-se à `https://example.com/api/v1/token`. + + Usar uma URL relativa é importante para garantir que sua aplicação continue funcionando, mesmo em um uso avançado tipo [Atrás de um Proxy](../../advanced/behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Esse parâmetro não cria um endpoint / *path operation*, mas declara que a URL `/token` vai ser aquela que o client deve usar para obter o token. Essa informação é usada no OpenAPI, e depois na API Interativa de documentação de sistemas. + +Em breve também criaremos o atual path operation. + +!!! informação + Se você é um "Pythonista" muito rigoroso, você pode não gostar do estilo do nome do parâmetro `tokenUrl` em vez de `token_url`. + + Isso ocorre porque está utilizando o mesmo nome que está nas especificações do OpenAPI. Então, se você precisa investigar mais sobre qualquer um desses esquemas de segurança, você pode simplesmente copiar e colar para encontrar mais informações sobre isso. + +A variável `oauth2_scheme` é um instância de `OAuth2PasswordBearer`, mas também é um "callable". + +Pode ser chamada de: + +```Python +oauth2_scheme(some, parameters) +``` + +Então, pode ser usado com `Depends`. + +## Use-o + +Agora você pode passar aquele `oauth2_scheme` em uma dependência com `Depends`. + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Esse dependência vai fornecer uma `str` que é atribuído ao parâmetro `token da *função do path operation* + +A **FastAPI** saberá que pode usar essa dependência para definir um "esquema de segurança" no esquema da OpenAPI (e na documentação da API automática). + +!!! informação "Detalhes técnicos" + **FastAPI** saberá que pode usar a classe `OAuth2PasswordBearer` (declarada na dependência) para definir o esquema de segurança na OpenAPI porque herda de `fastapi.security.oauth2.OAuth2`, que por sua vez herda de `fastapi.security.base.Securitybase`. + + Todos os utilitários de segurança que se integram com OpenAPI (e na documentação da API automática) herdam de `SecurityBase`, é assim que **FastAPI** pode saber como integrá-los no OpenAPI. + +## O que ele faz + +Ele irá e olhará na requisição para aquele header de `Autorização`, verificará se o valor é `Bearer` mais algum token, e vai retornar o token como uma `str` + +Se ele não ver o header de `Autorização` ou o valor não tem um token `Bearer`, vai responder com um código de erro 401 (`UNAUTHORIZED`) diretamente. + +Você nem precisa verificar se o token existe para retornar um erro. Você pode ter certeza de que se a sua função for executada, ela terá um `str` nesse token. + +Você já pode experimentar na documentação interativa: + + + +Não estamos verificando a validade do token ainda, mas isso já é um começo + +## Recapitulando + +Então, em apenas 3 ou 4 linhas extras, você já tem alguma forma primitiva de segurança. diff --git a/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml b/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml index 3fb834bed9982..59ee3cc88aabe 100644 --- a/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml @@ -64,13 +64,17 @@ nav: - tutorial/index.md - tutorial/first-steps.md - tutorial/path-params.md + - tutorial/query-params.md - tutorial/body.md - tutorial/body-fields.md - tutorial/extra-data-types.md - tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md - tutorial/cookie-params.md + - tutorial/header-params.md + - tutorial/handling-errors.md - Segurança: - tutorial/security/index.md + - tutorial/background-tasks.md - Guia de Usuário Avançado: - advanced/index.md - Implantação: diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/deployment/versions.md b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/versions.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..91b9038e9f3f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/versions.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +# О версиях FastAPI + +**FastAPI** уже используется в продакшене во многих приложениях и системах. Покрытие тестами поддерживается на уровне 100%. Однако его разработка все еще продолжается. + +Часто добавляются новые функции, регулярно исправляются баги, код продолжает постоянно совершенствоваться. + +По указанным причинам текущие версии до сих пор `0.x.x`. Это говорит о том, что каждая версия может содержать обратно несовместимые изменения, следуя соглашению о Семантическом Версионировании. + +Уже сейчас вы можете создавать приложения в продакшене, используя **FastAPI** (и скорее всего так и делаете), главное убедиться в том, что вы используете версию, которая корректно работает с вашим кодом. + +## Закрепите вашу версию `fastapi` + +Первым делом вам следует "закрепить" конкретную последнюю используемую версию **FastAPI**, которая корректно работает с вашим приложением. + +Например, в своём приложении вы используете версию `0.45.0`. + +Если вы используете файл `requirements.txt`, вы можете указать версию следующим способом: + +```txt +fastapi==0.45.0 +``` + +это означает, что вы будете использовать именно версию `0.45.0`. + +Или вы можете закрепить версию следующим способом: + +```txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +``` + +это значит, что вы используете версии `0.45.0` или выше, но меньше чем `0.46.0`. Например, версия `0.45.2` все еще будет подходить. + +Если вы используете любой другой инструмент для управления зависимостями, например Poetry, Pipenv или др., у них у всех имеется способ определения специфической версии для ваших пакетов. + +## Доступные версии + +Вы можете посмотреть доступные версии (например, проверить последнюю на данный момент) в [примечаниях к выпуску](../release-notes.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## О версиях + +Следуя соглашению о Семантическом Версионировании, любые версии ниже `1.0.0` потенциально могут добавить обратно несовместимые изменения. + +FastAPI следует соглашению в том, что любые изменения "ПАТЧ"-версии предназначены для исправления багов и внесения обратно совместимых изменений. + +!!! Подсказка + "ПАТЧ" - это последнее число. Например, в `0.2.3`, ПАТЧ-версия - это `3`. + +Итак, вы можете закрепить версию следующим образом: + +```txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +``` + +Обратно несовместимые изменения и новые функции добавляются в "МИНОРНЫЕ" версии. + +!!! Подсказка + "МИНОРНАЯ" версия - это число в середине. Например, в `0.2.3` МИНОРНАЯ версия - это `2`. + +## Обновление версий FastAPI + +Вам следует добавить тесты для вашего приложения. + +С помощью **FastAPI** это очень просто (благодаря Starlette), см. документацию: [Тестирование](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} + +После создания тестов вы можете обновить свою версию **FastAPI** до более новой. После этого следует убедиться, что ваш код работает корректно, запустив тесты. + +Если все работает корректно, или после внесения необходимых изменений все ваши тесты проходят, только тогда вы можете закрепить вашу новую версию `fastapi`. + +## О Starlette + +Не следует закреплять версию `starlette`. + +Разные версии **FastAPI** будут использовать более новые версии Starlette. + +Так что решение об используемой версии Starlette, вы можете оставить **FastAPI**. + +## О Pydantic + +Pydantic включает свои собственные тесты для **FastAPI**, так что новые версии Pydantic (выше `1.0.0`) всегда совместимы с FastAPI. + +Вы можете закрепить любую версию Pydantic, которая вам подходит, выше `1.0.0` и ниже `2.0.0`. + +Например: + +```txt +pydantic>=1.2.0,<2.0.0 +``` diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/features.md b/docs/ru/docs/features.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..0cec4eee2a012 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/features.md @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ +# Основные свойства + +## Основные свойства FastAPI + +**FastAPI** предлагает вам следующее: + +### Использование открытых стандартов + +* OpenAPI для создания API, включая объявления операций пути, параметров, тела запроса, безопасности и т.д. + + +* Автоматическое документирование моделей данных в соответствии с JSON Schema (так как спецификация OpenAPI сама основана на JSON Schema). +* Разработан, придерживаясь этих стандартов, после тщательного их изучения. Эти стандарты изначально включены во фреймфорк, а не являются дополнительной надстройкой. +* Это также позволяет использовать автоматическую **генерацию клиентского кода** на многих языках. + +### Автоматически генерируемая документация + +Интерактивная документация для API и исследования пользовательских веб-интерфейсов. Поскольку этот фреймворк основан на OpenAPI, существует несколько вариантов документирования, 2 из которых включены по умолчанию. + +* Swagger UI, с интерактивным взаимодействием, вызывает и тестирует ваш API прямо из браузера. + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +* Альтернативная документация API в ReDoc. + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### Только современный Python + +Все эти возможности основаны на стандартных **аннотациях типов Python 3.6** (благодаря Pydantic). Не нужно изучать новый синтаксис. Только лишь стандартный современный Python. + +Если вам нужно освежить знания, как использовать аннотации типов в Python (даже если вы не используете FastAPI), выделите 2 минуты и просмотрите краткое руководство: [Введение в аннотации типов Python¶ +](python-types.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Вы пишете на стандартном Python с аннотациями типов: + +```Python +from datetime import date + +from pydantic import BaseModel + +# Объявляем параметр user_id с типом `str` +# и получаем поддержку редактора внутри функции +def main(user_id: str): + return user_id + + +# Модель Pydantic +class User(BaseModel): + id: int + name: str + joined: date +``` + +Это можно использовать так: + +```Python +my_user: User = User(id=3, name="John Doe", joined="2018-07-19") + +second_user_data = { + "id": 4, + "name": "Mary", + "joined": "2018-11-30", +} + +my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data) +``` + +!!! Информация + `**second_user_data` означает: + + Передать ключи и значения словаря `second_user_data`, в качестве аргументов типа "ключ-значение", это эквивалентно: `User(id=4, name="Mary", joined="2018-11-30")` . + +### Поддержка редакторов (IDE) + +Весь фреймворк был продуман так, чтобы быть простым и интуитивно понятным в использовании, все решения были проверены на множестве редакторов еще до начала разработки, чтобы обеспечить наилучшие условия при написании кода. + +В опросе Python-разработчиков было выяснено, что наиболее часто используемой функцией редакторов, является "автодополнение". + +Вся структура **FastAPI** основана на удовлетворении этой возможности. Автодополнение работает везде. + +Вам редко нужно будет возвращаться к документации. + +Вот как ваш редактор может вам помочь: + +* в Visual Studio Code: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +* в PyCharm: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/pycharm-completion.png) + +Вы будете получать автодополнение кода даже там, где вы считали это невозможным раньше. +Как пример, ключ `price` внутри тела JSON (который может быть вложенным), приходящего в запросе. + +Больше никаких неправильных имён ключей, метания по документации или прокручивания кода вверх и вниз, в попытках узнать - использовали вы ранее `username` или `user_name`. + +### Краткость +FastAPI имеет продуманные значения **по умолчанию** для всего, с произвольными настройками везде. Все параметры могут быть тонко подстроены так, чтобы делать то, что вам нужно и определять необходимый вам API. + +Но, по умолчанию, всё это **"и так работает"**. + +### Проверка значений + +* Проверка значений для большинства (или всех?) **типов данных** Python, включая: + * Объекты JSON (`dict`). + * Массивы JSON (`list`) с установленными типами элементов. + * Строковые (`str`) поля с ограничением минимальной и максимальной длины. + * Числа (`int`, `float`) с минимальными и максимальными значениями и т.п. + +* Проверка для более экзотических типов, таких как: + * URL. + * Email. + * UUID. + * ...и другие. + +Все проверки обрабатываются хорошо зарекомендовавшим себя и надежным **Pydantic**. + +### Безопасность и аутентификация + +Встроеные функции безопасности и аутентификации. Без каких-либо компромиссов с базами данных или моделями данных. + +Все схемы безопасности, определённые в OpenAPI, включая: + +* HTTP Basic. +* **OAuth2** (также с **токенами JWT**). Ознакомьтесь с руководством [OAuth2 с JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* Ключи API в: + * Заголовках. + * Параметрах запросов. + * Cookies и т.п. + +Вдобавок все функции безопасности от Starlette (включая **сессионные cookies**). + +Все инструменты и компоненты спроектированы для многократного использования и легко интегрируются с вашими системами, хранилищами данных, реляционными и NoSQL базами данных и т. д. + +### Внедрение зависимостей + +FastAPI включает в себя чрезвычайно простую в использовании, но чрезвычайно мощную систему Внедрения зависимостей. + +* Даже зависимости могут иметь зависимости, создавая иерархию или **"графы" зависимостей**. +* Всё **автоматически обрабатывается** фреймворком. +* Все зависимости могут запрашивать данные из запросов и **дополнять операции пути** ограничениями и автоматической документацией. +* **Автоматическая проверка** даже для параметров *операций пути*, определенных в зависимостях. +* Поддержка сложных систем аутентификации пользователей, **соединений с базами данных** и т.д. +* **Никаких компромиссов** с базами данных, интерфейсами и т.д. Но легкая интеграция со всеми ними. + +### Нет ограничений на "Плагины" + +Или, другими словами, нет сложностей с ними, импортируйте и используйте нужный вам код. + +Любая интеграция разработана настолько простой в использовании (с зависимостями), что вы можете создать "плагин" для своего приложения в пару строк кода, используя ту же структуру и синтаксис, что и для ваших *операций пути*. + +### Проверен + +* 100% покрытие тестами. +* 100% аннотирование типов в кодовой базе. +* Используется в реально работающих приложениях. + +## Основные свойства Starlette + +**FastAPI** основан на Starlette и полностью совместим с ним. Так что, любой дополнительный код Starlette, который у вас есть, будет также работать. + +На самом деле, `FastAPI` - это класс, унаследованный от `Starlette`. Таким образом, если вы уже знаете или используете Starlette, большая часть функционала будет работать так же. + +С **FastAPI** вы получаете все возможности **Starlette** (так как FastAPI это всего лишь Starlette на стероидах): + +* Серьёзно впечатляющая производительность. Это один из самых быстрых фреймворков на Python, наравне с приложениями использующими **NodeJS** или **Go**. +* Поддержка **WebSocket**. +* Фоновые задачи для процессов. +* События запуска и выключения. +* Тестовый клиент построен на библиотеке `requests`. +* **CORS**, GZip, статические файлы, потоковые ответы. +* Поддержка **сессий и cookie**. +* 100% покрытие тестами. +* 100% аннотирование типов в кодовой базе. + +## Особенности и возможности Pydantic + +**FastAPI** основан на Pydantic и полностью совместим с ним. Так что, любой дополнительный код Pydantic, который у вас есть, будет также работать. + +Включая внешние библиотеки, также основанные на Pydantic, такие как: ORM'ы, ODM'ы для баз данных. + +Это также означает, что во многих случаях вы можете передавать тот же объект, который получили из запроса, **непосредственно в базу данных**, так как всё проверяется автоматически. + +И наоборот, во многих случаях вы можете просто передать объект, полученный из базы данных, **непосредственно клиенту**. + +С **FastAPI** вы получаете все возможности **Pydantic** (так как, FastAPI основан на Pydantic, для обработки данных): + +* **Никакой нервотрёпки** : + * Не нужно изучать новых схем в микроязыках. + * Если вы знаете аннотации типов в Python, вы знаете, как использовать Pydantic. +* Прекрасно сочетается с вашими **IDE/linter/мозгом**: + * Потому что структуры данных pydantic - это всего лишь экземпляры классов, определённых вами. Автодополнение, проверка кода, mypy и ваша интуиция - всё будет работать с вашими проверенными данными. +* **Быстродействие**: + * В тестовых замерах Pydantic быстрее, чем все другие проверенные библиотеки. +* Проверка **сложных структур**: + * Использование иерархических моделей Pydantic; `List`, `Dict` и т.п. из модуля `typing` (входит в стандартную библиотеку Python). + * Валидаторы позволяют четко и легко определять, проверять и документировать сложные схемы данных в виде JSON Schema. + * У вас могут быть глубоко **вложенные объекты JSON** и все они будут проверены и аннотированы. +* **Расширяемость**: + * Pydantic позволяет определять пользовательские типы данных или расширять проверку методами модели, с помощью проверочных декораторов. +* 100% покрытие тестами. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/index.md b/docs/ru/docs/index.md index 57dfd20d1961e..24f547ecc0f59 100644 --- a/docs/ru/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/ru/docs/index.md @@ -1,50 +1,48 @@ - -{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!} - -

FastAPI

- FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production + Готовый к внедрению высокопроизводительный фреймворк, простой в изучении и разработке.

- - Build Status + + Test - Coverage + Coverage - Package version + Package version + + + Supported Python versions

--- -**Documentation**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com +**Документация**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com -**Source Code**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi +**Исходный код**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi --- -FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. - -The key features are: +FastAPI — это современный, быстрый (высокопроизводительный) веб-фреймворк для создания API используя Python 3.6+, в основе которого лежит стандартная аннотация типов Python. -* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). +Ключевые особенности: -* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * -* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * -* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. -* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs. -* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs. -* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation. -* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: OpenAPI (previously known as Swagger) and JSON Schema. +* **Скорость**: Очень высокая производительность, на уровне **NodeJS** и **Go** (благодаря Starlette и Pydantic). [Один из самых быстрых фреймворков Python](#_10). +* **Быстрота разработки**: Увеличьте скорость разработки примерно на 200–300%. * +* **Меньше ошибок**: Сократите примерно на 40% количество ошибок, вызванных человеком (разработчиком). * +* **Интуитивно понятный**: Отличная поддержка редактора. Автозавершение везде. Меньше времени на отладку. +* **Лёгкость**: Разработан так, чтобы его было легко использовать и осваивать. Меньше времени на чтение документации. +* **Краткость**: Сведите к минимуму дублирование кода. Каждый объявленный параметр - определяет несколько функций. Меньше ошибок. +* **Надежность**: Получите готовый к работе код. С автоматической интерактивной документацией. +* **На основе стандартов**: Основан на открытых стандартах API и полностью совместим с ними: OpenAPI (ранее известном как Swagger) и JSON Schema. -* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications. +* оценка на основе тестов внутренней команды разработчиков, создающих производственные приложения. -## Sponsors +## Спонсоры @@ -59,66 +57,66 @@ The key features are: -Other sponsors +Другие спонсоры -## Opinions +## Отзывы -"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._" +"_В последнее время я много где использую **FastAPI**. [...] На самом деле я планирую использовать его для всех **сервисов машинного обучения моей команды в Microsoft**. Некоторые из них интегрируются в основной продукт **Windows**, а некоторые — в продукты **Office**._"
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
--- -"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_" +"_Мы использовали библиотеку **FastAPI** для создания сервера **REST**, к которому можно делать запросы для получения **прогнозов**. [для Ludwig]_"
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
--- -"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_" +"_**Netflix** рада объявить о выпуске опенсорсного фреймворка для оркестровки **антикризисного управления**: **Dispatch**! [создана с помощью **FastAPI**]_"
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
--- -"_I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!_" +"_Я в полном восторге от **FastAPI**. Это так весело!_"
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
--- -"_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._" +"_Честно говоря, то, что вы создали, выглядит очень солидно и отполировано. Во многих смыслах я хотел, чтобы **Hug** был именно таким — это действительно вдохновляет, когда кто-то создаёт такое._"
Timothy Crosley - Hug creator (ref)
--- -"_If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]_" +"_Если вы хотите изучить какой-нибудь **современный фреймворк** для создания REST API, ознакомьтесь с **FastAPI** [...] Он быстрый, лёгкий и простой в изучении [...]_" -"_We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]_" +"_Мы перешли на **FastAPI** для наших **API** [...] Я думаю, вам тоже понравится [...]_"
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI founders - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref)
--- -## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs +## **Typer**, интерфейс командной строки для FastAPI -If you are building a CLI app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out **Typer**. +Если вы создаете приложение CLI для использования в терминале вместо веб-API, ознакомьтесь с **Typer**. -**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀 +**Typer** — младший брат FastAPI. И он предназначен для использования в качестве **интерфейса командной строки для FastAPI**. ⌨️ 🚀 -## Requirements +## Зависимости Python 3.7+ -FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: +FastAPI стоит на плечах гигантов: -* Starlette for the web parts. -* Pydantic for the data parts. +* Starlette для части связанной с вебом. +* Pydantic для части связанной с данными. -## Installation +## Установка
@@ -130,23 +128,23 @@ $ pip install fastapi
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. +Вам также понадобится сервер ASGI для производства, такой как Uvicorn или Hypercorn.
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ```
-## Example +## Пример -### Create it +### Создание -* Create a file `main.py` with: +* Создайте файл `main.py` со следующим содержимым: ```Python from typing import Union @@ -167,9 +165,9 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): ```
-Or use async def... +Или используйте async def... -If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`: +Если ваш код использует `async` / `await`, используйте `async def`: ```Python hl_lines="9 14" from typing import Union @@ -189,15 +187,15 @@ async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` -**Note**: +**Примечание**: -If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about `async` and `await` in the docs. +Если вы не знаете, проверьте раздел _"Торопитесь?"_ в документации об `async` и `await`.
-### Run it +### Запуск -Run the server with: +Запустите сервер с помощью:
@@ -214,54 +212,54 @@ INFO: Application startup complete.
-About the command uvicorn main:app --reload... +О команде uvicorn main:app --reload... -The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to: +Команда `uvicorn main:app` относится к: -* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module"). -* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`. -* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development. +* `main`: файл `main.py` (модуль Python). +* `app`: объект, созданный внутри `main.py` с помощью строки `app = FastAPI()`. +* `--reload`: перезапуск сервера после изменения кода. Делайте это только во время разработки.
-### Check it +### Проверка -Open your browser at http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. +Откройте браузер на http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. -You will see the JSON response as: +Вы увидите следующий JSON ответ: ```JSON {"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} ``` -You already created an API that: +Вы уже создали API, который: -* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`. -* Both _paths_ take `GET` operations (also known as HTTP _methods_). -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`. -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`. +* Получает HTTP-запросы по _путям_ `/` и `/items/{item_id}`. +* И первый и второй _путь_ используют `GET` операции (также известные как HTTP _методы_). +* _путь_ `/items/{item_id}` имеет _параметр пути_ `item_id`, который должен быть `int`. +* _путь_ `/items/{item_id}` имеет необязательный `str` _параметр запроса_ `q`. -### Interactive API docs +### Интерактивная документация по API -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. +Перейдите на http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. -You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by Swagger UI): +Вы увидите автоматическую интерактивную документацию API (предоставленную Swagger UI): ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) -### Alternative API docs +### Альтернативная документация по API -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. +А теперь перейдите на http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. -You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by ReDoc): +Вы увидите альтернативную автоматическую документацию (предоставленную ReDoc): ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) -## Example upgrade +## Пример обновления -Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request. +Теперь измените файл `main.py`, чтобы получить тело ответа из `PUT` запроса. -Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic. +Объявите тело, используя стандартную типизацию Python, спасибо Pydantic. ```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" from typing import Union @@ -293,174 +291,173 @@ def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ``` -The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above). +Сервер должен перезагрузиться автоматически (потому что вы добавили `--reload` к команде `uvicorn` выше). -### Interactive API docs upgrade +### Интерактивное обновление документации API -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. +Перейдите на http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. -* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body: +* Интерактивная документация API будет автоматически обновляться, включая новое тело: ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) -* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API: +* Нажмите на кнопку "Try it out", это позволит вам заполнить параметры и напрямую взаимодействовать с API: ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) -* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen: +* Затем нажмите кнопку "Execute", пользовательский интерфейс свяжется с вашим API, отправит параметры, получит результаты и отобразит их на экране: ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) -### Alternative API docs upgrade +### Альтернативное обновление документации API -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. +А теперь перейдите на http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. -* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body: +* Альтернативная документация также будет отражать новый параметр и тело запроса: ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) -### Recap +### Подведём итоги -In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters. +Таким образом, вы объявляете **один раз** типы параметров, тело и т. д. в качестве параметров функции. -You do that with standard modern Python types. +Вы делаете это испльзуя стандартную современную типизацию Python. -You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. +Вам не нужно изучать новый синтаксис, методы или классы конкретной библиотеки и т. д. -Just standard **Python 3.6+**. +Только стандартный **Python 3.6+**. -For example, for an `int`: +Например, для `int`: ```Python item_id: int ``` -or for a more complex `Item` model: +или для более сложной модели `Item`: ```Python item: Item ``` -...and with that single declaration you get: +... и с этим единственным объявлением вы получаете: -* Editor support, including: - * Completion. - * Type checks. -* Validation of data: - * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid. - * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Conversion of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from: +* Поддержка редактора, в том числе: + * Автозавершение. + * Проверка типов. +* Валидация данных: + * Автоматические и четкие ошибки, когда данные недействительны. + * Проверка даже для глубоко вложенных объектов JSON. +* Преобразование входных данных: поступающие из сети в объекты Python с соблюдением типов. Чтение из: * JSON. - * Path parameters. - * Query parameters. + * Параметров пути. + * Параметров запроса. * Cookies. - * Headers. - * Forms. - * Files. -* Conversion of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON): - * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc). - * `datetime` objects. - * `UUID` objects. - * Database models. - * ...and many more. -* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces: + * Заголовков. + * Форм. + * Файлов. +* Преобразование выходных данных: преобразование объектов Python в данные передаваемые по сети интернет (такие как JSON): + * Преобразование типов Python (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, и т.д.). + * Объекты `datetime`. + * Объекты `UUID`. + * Модели баз данных. + * ...и многое другое. +* Автоматическая интерактивная документация по API, включая 2 альтернативных пользовательских интерфейса: * Swagger UI. * ReDoc. --- -Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will: - -* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests. -* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests. - * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error. -* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests. - * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional. - * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`). -* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON: - * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`. - * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`. - * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present. - * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Convert from and to JSON automatically. -* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by: - * Interactive documentation systems. - * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages. -* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly. +Возвращаясь к предыдущему примеру кода, **FastAPI** будет: + +* Проверять наличие `item_id` в пути для запросов `GET` и `PUT`. +* Проверять, что `item_id` имеет тип `int` для запросов `GET` и `PUT`. + * Если это не так, клиент увидит полезную чёткую ошибку. +* Проверять, есть ли необязательный параметр запроса с именем `q` (например, `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) для `GET` запросов. + * Поскольку параметр `q` объявлен с `= None`, он является необязательным. + * Без `None` он был бы необходим (как тело в случае с `PUT`). +* Для `PUT` запросов к `/items/{item_id}` читать тело как JSON: + * Проверять, что у него есть обязательный атрибут `name`, который должен быть `str`. + * Проверять, что у него есть обязательный атрибут `price`, который должен быть `float`. + * Проверять, что у него есть необязательный атрибут `is_offer`, который должен быть `bool`, если он присутствует. + * Все это также будет работать для глубоко вложенных объектов JSON. +* Преобразовывать из и в JSON автоматически. +* Документировать с помощью OpenAPI все, что может быть использовано: + * Системы интерактивной документации. + * Системы автоматической генерации клиентского кода для многих языков. +* Обеспечит 2 интерактивных веб-интерфейса документации напрямую. --- -We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works. +Мы только немного копнули поверхность, но вы уже поняли, как все это работает. -Try changing the line with: +Попробуйте изменить строку с помощью: ```Python return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ``` -...from: +...из: ```Python ... "item_name": item.name ... ``` -...to: +...в: ```Python ... "item_price": item.price ... ``` -...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types: +... и посмотрите, как ваш редактор будет автоматически заполнять атрибуты и узнавать их типы: ![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) -For a more complete example including more features, see the Tutorial - User Guide. +Более полный пример с дополнительными функциями см. в Учебное руководство - Руководство пользователя. -**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes: +**Осторожно, спойлер**: руководство пользователя включает в себя: -* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**. -* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`. -* A very powerful and easy to use **Dependency Injection** system. -* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth. -* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic). -* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: - * **WebSockets** - * **GraphQL** - * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` +* Объявление **параметров** из других мест, таких как: **заголовки**, **cookies**, **поля формы** и **файлы**. +* Как установить **ограничительные проверки** такие как `maximum_length` или `regex`. +* Очень мощная и простая в использовании система **внедрения зависимостей**. +* Безопасность и аутентификация, включая поддержку **OAuth2** с **токенами JWT** и **HTTP Basic** аутентификацию. +* Более продвинутые (но столь же простые) методы объявления **глубоко вложенных моделей JSON** (спасибо Pydantic). +* **GraphQL** интеграция с Strawberry и другими библиотеками. +* Множество дополнительных функций (благодаря Starlette), таких как: + * **Веб-сокеты** + * очень простые тесты на основе `requests` и `pytest` * **CORS** - * **Cookie Sessions** - * ...and more. + * **Cookie сеансы(сессии)** + * ...и многое другое. -## Performance +## Производительность -Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as one of the fastest Python frameworks available, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*) +Независимые тесты TechEmpower показывают приложения **FastAPI**, работающие под управлением Uvicorn, как один из самых быстрых доступных фреймворков Python, уступающий только самим Starlette и Uvicorn (используемых внутри FastAPI). (*) -To understand more about it, see the section Benchmarks. +Чтобы узнать больше об этом, см. раздел Тесты производительности. -## Optional Dependencies +## Необязательные зависимости -Used by Pydantic: +Используется Pydantic: -* ujson - for faster JSON "parsing". -* email_validator - for email validation. +* ujson - для более быстрого JSON "парсинга". +* email_validator - для проверки электронной почты. -Used by Starlette: +Используется Starlette: -* requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. -* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. -* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`. -* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. -* pyyaml - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI). -* graphene - Required for `GraphQLApp` support. -* ujson - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`. +* requests - Обязательно, если вы хотите использовать `TestClient`. +* jinja2 - Обязательно, если вы хотите использовать конфигурацию шаблона по умолчанию. +* python-multipart - Обязательно, если вы хотите поддерживать форму "парсинга" с помощью `request.form()`. +* itsdangerous - Обязательно, для поддержки `SessionMiddleware`. +* pyyaml - Обязательно, для поддержки `SchemaGenerator` Starlette (возможно, вам это не нужно с FastAPI). +* ujson - Обязательно, если вы хотите использовать `UJSONResponse`. -Used by FastAPI / Starlette: +Используется FastAPI / Starlette: -* uvicorn - for the server that loads and serves your application. -* orjson - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`. +* uvicorn - сервер, который загружает и обслуживает ваше приложение. +* orjson - Обязательно, если вы хотите использовать `ORJSONResponse`. -You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`. +Вы можете установить все это с помощью `pip install "fastapi[all]"`. -## License +## Лицензия -This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. +Этот проект распространяется на условиях лицензии MIT. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..e608f6c8f3010 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +# Фоновые задачи + +Вы можете создавать фоновые задачи, которые будут выполнятся *после* возвращения ответа сервером. + +Это может быть полезно для функций, которые должны выполниться после получения запроса, но ожидание их выполнения необязательно для пользователя. + +К примеру: + +* Отправка писем на почту после выполнения каких-либо действий: + * Т.к. соединение с почтовым сервером и отправка письма идут достаточно "долго" (несколько секунд), вы можете отправить ответ пользователю, а отправку письма выполнить в фоне. +* Обработка данных: + * К примеру, если вы получаете файл, который должен пройти через медленный процесс, вы можете отправить ответ "Accepted" (HTTP 202) и отправить работу с файлом в фон. + +## Использование класса `BackgroundTasks` + +Сначала импортируйте `BackgroundTasks`, потом добавьте в функцию параметр с типом `BackgroundTasks`: + +```Python hl_lines="1 13" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +**FastAPI** создаст объект класса `BackgroundTasks` для вас и запишет его в параметр. + +## Создание функции для фоновой задачи + +Создайте функцию, которую хотите запустить в фоне. + +Это совершенно обычная функция, которая может принимать параметры. + +Она может быть как асинхронной `async def`, так и обычной `def` функцией, **FastAPI** знает, как правильно ее выполнить. + +В нашем примере фоновая задача будет вести запись в файл (симулируя отправку письма). + +Так как операция записи не использует `async` и `await`, мы определим ее как обычную `def`: + +```Python hl_lines="6-9" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Добавление фоновой задачи + +Внутри функции вызовите метод `.add_task()` у объекта *background tasks* и передайте ему функцию, которую хотите выполнить в фоне: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`.add_task()` принимает следующие аргументы: + +* Функцию, которая будет выполнена в фоне (`write_notification`). Обратите внимание, что передается объект функции, без скобок. +* Любое упорядоченное количество аргументов, которые принимает функция (`email`). +* Любое количество именованных аргументов, которые принимает функция (`message="some notification"`). + +## Встраивание зависимостей + +Класс `BackgroundTasks` также работает с системой встраивания зависимостей, вы можете определить `BackgroundTasks` на разных уровнях: как параметр функции, как завимость, как подзависимость и так далее. + +**FastAPI** знает, что нужно сделать в каждом случае и как переиспользовать тот же объект `BackgroundTasks`, так чтобы все фоновые задачи собрались и запустились вместе в фоне: + +=== "Python 3.6 и выше" + + ```Python hl_lines="13 15 22 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 и выше" + + ```Python hl_lines="11 13 20 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +В этом примере сообщения будут записаны в `log.txt` *после* того, как ответ сервера был отправлен. + +Если бы в запросе была очередь `q`, она бы первой записалась в `log.txt` фоновой задачей (потому что вызывается в зависимости `get_query`). + +После другая фоновая задача, которая была сгенерирована в функции, запишет сообщение из параметра `email`. + +## Технические детали + +Класс `BackgroundTasks` основан на `starlette.background`. + +Он интегрирован в FastAPI, так что вы можете импортировать его прямо из `fastapi` и избежать случайного импорта `BackgroundTask` (без `s` на конце) из `starlette.background`. + +При использовании `BackgroundTasks` (а не `BackgroundTask`), вам достаточно только определить параметр функции с типом `BackgroundTasks` и **FastAPI** сделает все за вас, также как при использовании объекта `Request`. + +Вы все равно можете использовать `BackgroundTask` из `starlette` в FastAPI, но вам придется самостоятельно создавать объект фоновой задачи и вручную обработать `Response` внутри него. + +Вы можете подробнее изучить его в Официальной документации Starlette для BackgroundTasks. + +## Предостережение + +Если вам нужно выполнить тяжелые вычисления в фоне, которым необязательно быть запущенными в одном процессе с приложением **FastAPI** (к примеру, вам не нужны обрабатываемые переменные или вы не хотите делиться памятью процесса и т.д.), вы можете использовать более серьезные инструменты, такие как Celery. + +Их тяжелее настраивать, также им нужен брокер сообщений наподобие RabbitMQ или Redis, но зато они позволяют вам запускать фоновые задачи в нескольких процессах и даже на нескольких серверах. + +Для примера, посмотрите [Project Generators](../project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, там есть проект с уже настроенным Celery. + +Но если вам нужен доступ к общим переменным и объектам вашего **FastAPI** приложения или вам нужно выполнять простые фоновые задачи (наподобие отправки письма из примера) вы можете просто использовать `BackgroundTasks`. + +## Резюме + +Для создания фоновых задач вам необходимо импортировать `BackgroundTasks` и добавить его в функцию, как параметр с типом `BackgroundTasks`. diff --git a/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml b/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml index 2150d5c19f80c..381775ac6d849 100644 --- a/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml @@ -58,7 +58,14 @@ nav: - tr: /tr/ - uk: /uk/ - zh: /zh/ +- features.md +- python-types.md +- Учебник - руководство пользователя: + - tutorial/background-tasks.md +- external-links.md - async.md +- Развёртывание: + - deployment/versions.md markdown_extensions: - toc: permalink: true diff --git a/docs/sq/docs/index.md b/docs/sq/docs/index.md index db4120d5e9766..e799ff8d580e0 100644 --- a/docs/sq/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/sq/docs/index.md @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/index.md b/docs/tr/docs/index.md index b1c54c63febaa..73caa6d61072c 100644 --- a/docs/tr/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/tr/docs/index.md @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Uygulamanı kullanılabilir hale getirmek için ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/uk/docs/index.md b/docs/uk/docs/index.md index db4120d5e9766..e799ff8d580e0 100644 --- a/docs/uk/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/uk/docs/index.md @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..3e53c53191a4c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +# 响应Cookies + +## 使用 `Response` 参数 + +你可以在 *路径函数* 中定义一个类型为 `Response`的参数,这样你就可以在这个临时响应对象中设置cookie了。 + +```Python hl_lines="1 8-9" +{!../../../docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +而且你还可以根据你的需要响应不同的对象,比如常用的 `dict`,数据库model等。 + +如果你定义了 `response_model`,程序会自动根据`response_model`来过滤和转换你响应的对象。 + +**FastAPI** 会使用这个 *临时* 响应对象去装在这些cookies信息 (同样还有headers和状态码等信息), 最终会将这些信息和通过`response_model`转化过的数据合并到最终的响应里。 + +你也可以在depend中定义`Response`参数,并设置cookie和header。 + +## 直接响应 `Response` + +你还可以在直接响应`Response`时直接创建cookies。 + +你可以参考[Return a Response Directly](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}来创建response + +然后设置Cookies,并返回: + +```Python hl_lines="10-12" +{!../../../docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 需要注意,如果你直接反馈一个response对象,而不是使用`Response`入参,FastAPI则会直接反馈你封装的response对象。 + + 所以你需要确保你响应数据类型的正确性,如:你可以使用`JSONResponse`来兼容JSON的场景。 + + 同时,你也应当仅反馈通过`response_model`过滤过的数据。 + +### 更多信息 + +!!! note "技术细节" + 你也可以使用`from starlette.responses import Response` 或者 `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`。 + + 为了方便开发者,**FastAPI** 封装了相同数据类型,如`starlette.responses` 和 `fastapi.responses`。不过大部分response对象都是直接引用自Starlette。 + + 因为`Response`对象可以非常便捷的设置headers和cookies,所以 **FastAPI** 同时也封装了`fastapi.Response`。 + +如果你想查看所有可用的参数和选项,可以参考 Starlette帮助文档 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/index.md b/docs/zh/docs/index.md index 797032c865f22..3898beaee0677 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/index.md @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..cb813940ce252 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# JSON 兼容编码器 + +在某些情况下,您可能需要将数据类型(如Pydantic模型)转换为与JSON兼容的数据类型(如`dict`、`list`等)。 + +比如,如果您需要将其存储在数据库中。 + +对于这种要求, **FastAPI**提供了`jsonable_encoder()`函数。 + +## 使用`jsonable_encoder` + +让我们假设你有一个数据库名为`fake_db`,它只能接收与JSON兼容的数据。 + +例如,它不接收`datetime`这类的对象,因为这些对象与JSON不兼容。 + +因此,`datetime`对象必须将转换为包含ISO格式化的`str`类型对象。 + +同样,这个数据库也不会接收Pydantic模型(带有属性的对象),而只接收`dict`。 + +对此你可以使用`jsonable_encoder`。 + +它接收一个对象,比如Pydantic模型,并会返回一个JSON兼容的版本: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="5 22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +在这个例子中,它将Pydantic模型转换为`dict`,并将`datetime`转换为`str`。 + +调用它的结果后就可以使用Python标准编码中的`json.dumps()`。 + +这个操作不会返回一个包含JSON格式(作为字符串)数据的庞大的`str`。它将返回一个Python标准数据结构(例如`dict`),其值和子值都与JSON兼容。 + +!!! note + `jsonable_encoder`实际上是FastAPI内部用来转换数据的。但是它在许多其他场景中也很有用。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/index.md index 36495ec0b8fb8..6093caeb601ca 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/index.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --reload
```console -$ pip install fastapi[all] +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all] 并且安装`uvicorn`来作为服务器: ``` - pip install uvicorn[standard] + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ``` 然后对你想使用的每个可选依赖项也执行相同的操作。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md index 25657d93bd74a..e18d6fc9f3b60 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md @@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ 不过,很多情况下,`UploadFile` 更好用。 -## 含 `UploadFile` 的 `File` 参数 +## 含 `UploadFile` 的文件参数 -定义 `File` 参数时使用 `UploadFile`: +定义文件参数时使用 `UploadFile`: ```Python hl_lines="12" {!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!} @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ contents = myfile.file.read() !!! note "`async` 技术细节" - 使用 `async` 方法时,**FastAPI** 在线程池中执行文件方法,并 `awiat` 操作完成。 + 使用 `async` 方法时,**FastAPI** 在线程池中执行文件方法,并 `await` 操作完成。 !!! note "Starlette 技术细节" @@ -120,6 +120,30 @@ contents = myfile.file.read() 这不是 **FastAPI** 的问题,而是 HTTP 协议的规定。 +## 可选文件上传 + +您可以通过使用标准类型注解并将 None 作为默认值的方式将一个文件参数设为可选: + +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 带有额外元数据的 `UploadFile` + +您也可以将 `File()` 与 `UploadFile` 一起使用,例如,设置额外的元数据: + +```Python hl_lines="13" +{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py!} +``` + ## 多文件上传 FastAPI 支持同时上传多个文件。 @@ -128,19 +152,20 @@ FastAPI 支持同时上传多个文件。 上传多个文件时,要声明含 `bytes` 或 `UploadFile` 的列表(`List`): -```Python hl_lines="10 15" -{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" -接收的也是含 `bytes` 或 `UploadFile` 的列表(`list`)。 + ```Python hl_lines="10 15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py!} + ``` -!!! note "笔记" +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" - 注意,截至 2019 年 4 月 14 日,Swagger UI 不支持在同一个表单字段中上传多个文件。详见 #4276#3641. + ```Python hl_lines="8 13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` - 不过,**FastAPI** 已通过 OpenAPI 标准与之兼容。 +接收的也是含 `bytes` 或 `UploadFile` 的列表(`list`)。 - 因此,只要 Swagger UI 或任何其他支持 OpenAPI 的工具支持多文件上传,都将与 **FastAPI** 兼容。 !!! note "技术细节" @@ -148,6 +173,22 @@ FastAPI 支持同时上传多个文件。 `fastapi.responses` 其实与 `starlette.responses` 相同,只是为了方便开发者调用。实际上,大多数 **FastAPI** 的响应都直接从 Starlette 调用。 +### 带有额外元数据的多文件上传 + +和之前的方式一样, 您可以为 `File()` 设置额外参数, 即使是 `UploadFile`: + +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + ## 小结 本节介绍了如何用 `File` 把上传文件声明为(表单数据的)输入参数。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..116572411c918 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +# 安全 - 第一步 + +假设**后端** API 在某个域。 + +**前端**在另一个域,或(移动应用中)在同一个域的不同路径下。 + +并且,前端要使用后端的 **username** 与 **password** 验证用户身份。 + +固然,**FastAPI** 支持 **OAuth2** 身份验证。 + +但为了节省开发者的时间,不要只为了查找很少的内容,不得不阅读冗长的规范文档。 + +我们建议使用 **FastAPI** 的安全工具。 + +## 概览 + +首先,看看下面的代码是怎么运行的,然后再回过头来了解其背后的原理。 + +## 创建 `main.py` + +把下面的示例代码复制到 `main.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 运行 + +!!! info "说明" + + 先安装 `python-multipart`。 + + 安装命令: `pip install python-multipart`。 + + 这是因为 **OAuth2** 使用**表单数据**发送 `username` 与 `password`。 + +用下面的命令运行该示例: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +## 查看文档 + +打开 API 文档: http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs。 + +界面如下图所示: + + + +!!! check "Authorize 按钮!" + + 页面右上角出现了一个「**Authorize**」按钮。 + + *路径操作*的右上角也出现了一个可以点击的小锁图标。 + +点击 **Authorize** 按钮,弹出授权表单,输入 `username` 与 `password` 及其它可选字段: + + + +!!! note "笔记" + + 目前,在表单中输入内容不会有任何反应,后文会介绍相关内容。 + +虽然此文档不是给前端最终用户使用的,但这个自动工具非常实用,可在文档中与所有 API 交互。 + +前端团队(可能就是开发者本人)可以使用本工具。 + +第三方应用与系统也可以调用本工具。 + +开发者也可以用它来调试、检查、测试应用。 + +## 密码流 + +现在,我们回过头来介绍这段代码的原理。 + +`Password` **流**是 OAuth2 定义的,用于处理安全与身份验证的方式(**流**)。 + +OAuth2 的设计目标是为了让后端或 API 独立于服务器验证用户身份。 + +但在本例中,**FastAPI** 应用会处理 API 与身份验证。 + +下面,我们来看一下简化的运行流程: + +- 用户在前端输入 `username` 与`password`,并点击**回车** +- (用户浏览器中运行的)前端把 `username` 与`password` 发送至 API 中指定的 URL(使用 `tokenUrl="token"` 声明) +- API 检查 `username` 与`password`,并用令牌(`Token`) 响应(暂未实现此功能): + - 令牌只是用于验证用户的字符串 + - 一般来说,令牌会在一段时间后过期 + - 过时后,用户要再次登录 + - 这样一来,就算令牌被人窃取,风险也较低。因为它与永久密钥不同,**在绝大多数情况下**不会长期有效 +- 前端临时将令牌存储在某个位置 +- 用户点击前端,前往前端应用的其它部件 +- 前端需要从 API 中提取更多数据: + - 为指定的端点(Endpoint)进行身份验证 + - 因此,用 API 验证身份时,要发送值为 `Bearer` + 令牌的请求头 `Authorization` + - 假如令牌为 `foobar`,`Authorization` 请求头就是: `Bearer foobar` + +## **FastAPI** 的 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` + +**FastAPI** 提供了不同抽象级别的安全工具。 + +本例使用 **OAuth2** 的 **Password** 流以及 **Bearer** 令牌(`Token`)。为此要使用 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 类。 + +!!! info "说明" + + `Beare` 令牌不是唯一的选择。 + + 但它是最适合这个用例的方案。 + + 甚至可以说,它是适用于绝大多数用例的最佳方案,除非您是 OAuth2 的专家,知道为什么其它方案更合适。 + + 本例中,**FastAPI** 还提供了构建工具。 + +创建 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 的类实例时,要传递 `tokenUrl` 参数。该参数包含客户端(用户浏览器中运行的前端) 的 URL,用于发送 `username` 与 `password`,并获取令牌。 + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "提示" + + 在此,`tokenUrl="token"` 指向的是暂未创建的相对 URL `token`。这个相对 URL 相当于 `./token`。 + + 因为使用的是相对 URL,如果 API 位于 `https://example.com/`,则指向 `https://example.com/token`。但如果 API 位于 `https://example.com/api/v1/`,它指向的就是`https://example.com/api/v1/token`。 + + 使用相对 URL 非常重要,可以确保应用在遇到[使用代理](../../advanced/behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}这样的高级用例时,也能正常运行。 + +该参数不会创建端点或*路径操作*,但会声明客户端用来获取令牌的 URL `/token` 。此信息用于 OpenAPI 及 API 文档。 + +接下来,学习如何创建实际的路径操作。 + +!!! info "说明" + + 严苛的 **Pythonista** 可能不喜欢用 `tokenUrl` 这种命名风格代替 `token_url`。 + + 这种命名方式是因为要使用与 OpenAPI 规范中相同的名字。以便在深入校验安全方案时,能通过复制粘贴查找更多相关信息。 + +`oauth2_scheme` 变量是 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 的实例,也是**可调用项**。 + +以如下方式调用: + +```Python +oauth2_scheme(some, parameters) +``` + +因此,`Depends` 可以调用 `oauth2_scheme` 变量。 + +### 使用 + +接下来,使用 `Depends` 把 `oauth2_scheme` 传入依赖项。 + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +该依赖项使用字符串(`str`)接收*路径操作函数*的参数 `token` 。 + +**FastAPI** 使用依赖项在 OpenAPI 概图(及 API 文档)中定义**安全方案**。 + +!!! info "技术细节" + + **FastAPI** 使用(在依赖项中声明的)类 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 在 OpenAPI 中定义安全方案,这是因为它继承自 `fastapi.security.oauth2.OAuth2`,而该类又是继承自`fastapi.security.base.SecurityBase`。 + + 所有与 OpenAPI(及 API 文档)集成的安全工具都继承自 `SecurityBase`, 这就是为什么 **FastAPI** 能把它们集成至 OpenAPI 的原因。 + +## 实现的操作 + +FastAPI 校验请求中的 `Authorization` 请求头,核对请求头的值是不是由 `Bearer ` + 令牌组成, 并返回令牌字符串(`str`)。 + +如果没有找到 `Authorization` 请求头,或请求头的值不是 `Bearer ` + 令牌。FastAPI 直接返回 401 错误状态码(`UNAUTHORIZED`)。 + +开发者不需要检查错误信息,查看令牌是否存在,只要该函数能够执行,函数中就会包含令牌字符串。 + +正如下图所示,API 文档已经包含了这项功能: + + + +目前,暂时还没有实现验证令牌是否有效的功能,不过后文很快就会介绍的。 + +## 小结 + +看到了吧,只要多写三四行代码,就可以添加基础的安全表单。 diff --git a/docs/zh/mkdocs.yml b/docs/zh/mkdocs.yml index e70ec7698d0a0..ac8679dc0d2e2 100644 --- a/docs/zh/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/zh/mkdocs.yml @@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ nav: - tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md - tutorial/handling-errors.md - tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md + - tutorial/encoder.md - tutorial/body-updates.md - 依赖项: - tutorial/dependencies/index.md @@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ nav: - tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md - 安全性: - tutorial/security/index.md + - tutorial/security/first-steps.md - tutorial/security/get-current-user.md - tutorial/security/simple-oauth2.md - tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md @@ -106,6 +108,7 @@ nav: - advanced/additional-status-codes.md - advanced/response-directly.md - advanced/custom-response.md + - advanced/response-cookies.md - contributing.md - help-fastapi.md - benchmarks.md diff --git a/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py index 79dcc2efee601..ffa821b910a84 100644 --- a/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py @@ -19,5 +19,4 @@ class Message(BaseModel): async def read_item(item_id: str): if item_id == "foo": return {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"} - else: - return JSONResponse(status_code=404, content={"message": "Item not found"}) + return JSONResponse(status_code=404, content={"message": "Item not found"}) diff --git a/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py b/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py index e98460372e3cf..95e6ca7637939 100644 --- a/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py +++ b/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py @@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ @app.get("/items/", response_class=ORJSONResponse) async def read_items(): - return [{"item_id": "Foo"}] + return ORJSONResponse([{"item_id": "Foo"}]) diff --git a/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py b/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..de6b6688e62e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +from typing import Any + +import orjson +from fastapi import FastAPI, Response + +app = FastAPI() + + +class CustomORJSONResponse(Response): + media_type = "application/json" + + def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes: + assert orjson is not None, "orjson must be installed" + return orjson.dumps(content, option=orjson.OPT_INDENT_2) + + +@app.get("/", response_class=CustomORJSONResponse) +async def main(): + return {"message": "Hello World"} diff --git a/docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py b/docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py index 8e376774492ce..9a24a4963a188 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py +++ b/docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class ModelName(str, Enum): @app.get("/models/{model_name}") async def get_model(model_name: ModelName): - if model_name == ModelName.alexnet: + if model_name is ModelName.alexnet: return {"model_name": model_name, "message": "Deep Learning FTW!"} if model_name.value == "lenet": diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial007.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial007.py index 90b9ac0546ff5..790ee10bc6b1d 100644 --- a/docs_src/security/tutorial007.py +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial007.py @@ -9,9 +9,17 @@ def get_current_username(credentials: HTTPBasicCredentials = Depends(security)): - correct_username = secrets.compare_digest(credentials.username, "stanleyjobson") - correct_password = secrets.compare_digest(credentials.password, "swordfish") - if not (correct_username and correct_password): + current_username_bytes = credentials.username.encode("utf8") + correct_username_bytes = b"stanleyjobson" + is_correct_username = secrets.compare_digest( + current_username_bytes, correct_username_bytes + ) + current_password_bytes = credentials.password.encode("utf8") + correct_password_bytes = b"swordfish" + is_correct_password = secrets.compare_digest( + current_password_bytes, correct_password_bytes + ) + if not (is_correct_username and is_correct_password): raise HTTPException( status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, detail="Incorrect email or password", diff --git a/fastapi/__init__.py b/fastapi/__init__.py index e5cdbeb09d4b8..a9b44fc4a89f7 100644 --- a/fastapi/__init__.py +++ b/fastapi/__init__.py @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ """FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production""" -__version__ = "0.79.0" +__version__ = "0.83.0" from starlette import status as status diff --git a/fastapi/applications.py b/fastapi/applications.py index 7530ddb9b8fef..a242c504c15db 100644 --- a/fastapi/applications.py +++ b/fastapi/applications.py @@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ def add_api_route( path: str, endpoint: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ def api_route( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ def get( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ def put( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ def post( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ def delete( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -635,10 +635,10 @@ def delete( response_description=response_description, responses=responses, deprecated=deprecated, + operation_id=operation_id, response_model_include=response_model_include, response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude, response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias, - operation_id=operation_id, response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset, response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults, response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none, @@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ def options( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ def head( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ def patch( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ def trace( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, diff --git a/fastapi/concurrency.py b/fastapi/concurrency.py index e3dd11dbbb550..31b878d5df8a5 100644 --- a/fastapi/concurrency.py +++ b/fastapi/concurrency.py @@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ from contextlib import asynccontextmanager as asynccontextmanager from typing import AsyncGenerator, ContextManager, TypeVar +import anyio +from anyio import CapacityLimiter from starlette.concurrency import iterate_in_threadpool as iterate_in_threadpool # noqa from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool as run_in_threadpool # noqa from starlette.concurrency import ( # noqa @@ -15,11 +17,24 @@ async def contextmanager_in_threadpool( cm: ContextManager[_T], ) -> AsyncGenerator[_T, None]: + # blocking __exit__ from running waiting on a free thread + # can create race conditions/deadlocks if the context manager itself + # has it's own internal pool (e.g. a database connection pool) + # to avoid this we let __exit__ run without a capacity limit + # since we're creating a new limiter for each call, any non-zero limit + # works (1 is arbitrary) + exit_limiter = CapacityLimiter(1) try: yield await run_in_threadpool(cm.__enter__) except Exception as e: - ok: bool = await run_in_threadpool(cm.__exit__, type(e), e, None) + ok = bool( + await anyio.to_thread.run_sync( + cm.__exit__, type(e), e, None, limiter=exit_limiter + ) + ) if not ok: raise e else: - await run_in_threadpool(cm.__exit__, None, None, None) + await anyio.to_thread.run_sync( + cm.__exit__, None, None, None, limiter=exit_limiter + ) diff --git a/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py b/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py index f397e333c0928..d098b65f1a5f5 100644 --- a/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py +++ b/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py @@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from pydantic.error_wrappers import ErrorWrapper from pydantic.errors import MissingError from pydantic.fields import ( + SHAPE_FROZENSET, SHAPE_LIST, SHAPE_SEQUENCE, SHAPE_SET, @@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ sequence_shapes = { SHAPE_LIST, SHAPE_SET, + SHAPE_FROZENSET, SHAPE_TUPLE, SHAPE_SEQUENCE, SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS, @@ -161,7 +163,6 @@ def get_sub_dependant( ) if security_requirement: sub_dependant.security_requirements.append(security_requirement) - sub_dependant.security_scopes = security_scopes return sub_dependant @@ -278,7 +279,13 @@ def get_dependant( path_param_names = get_path_param_names(path) endpoint_signature = get_typed_signature(call) signature_params = endpoint_signature.parameters - dependant = Dependant(call=call, name=name, path=path, use_cache=use_cache) + dependant = Dependant( + call=call, + name=name, + path=path, + security_scopes=security_scopes, + use_cache=use_cache, + ) for param_name, param in signature_params.items(): if isinstance(param.default, params.Depends): sub_dependant = get_param_sub_dependant( @@ -295,10 +302,7 @@ def get_dependant( assert is_scalar_field( field=param_field ), "Path params must be of one of the supported types" - if isinstance(param.default, params.Path): - ignore_default = False - else: - ignore_default = True + ignore_default = not isinstance(param.default, params.Path) param_field = get_param_field( param=param, param_name=param_name, @@ -495,7 +499,6 @@ async def solve_dependencies( name=sub_dependant.name, security_scopes=sub_dependant.security_scopes, ) - use_sub_dependant.security_scopes = sub_dependant.security_scopes solved_result = await solve_dependencies( request=request, diff --git a/fastapi/encoders.py b/fastapi/encoders.py index 4b7ffe313fa6b..93045ca27f158 100644 --- a/fastapi/encoders.py +++ b/fastapi/encoders.py @@ -71,7 +71,18 @@ def jsonable_encoder( sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe, ) if dataclasses.is_dataclass(obj): - return dataclasses.asdict(obj) + obj_dict = dataclasses.asdict(obj) + return jsonable_encoder( + obj_dict, + include=include, + exclude=exclude, + by_alias=by_alias, + exclude_unset=exclude_unset, + exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults, + exclude_none=exclude_none, + custom_encoder=custom_encoder, + sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe, + ) if isinstance(obj, Enum): return obj.value if isinstance(obj, PurePath): @@ -80,6 +91,11 @@ def jsonable_encoder( return obj if isinstance(obj, dict): encoded_dict = {} + allowed_keys = set(obj.keys()) + if include is not None: + allowed_keys &= set(include) + if exclude is not None: + allowed_keys -= set(exclude) for key, value in obj.items(): if ( ( @@ -88,7 +104,7 @@ def jsonable_encoder( or (not key.startswith("_sa")) ) and (value is not None or not exclude_none) - and ((include and key in include) or not exclude or key not in exclude) + and key in allowed_keys ): encoded_key = jsonable_encoder( key, @@ -132,10 +148,10 @@ def jsonable_encoder( if isinstance(obj, classes_tuple): return encoder(obj) - errors: List[Exception] = [] try: data = dict(obj) except Exception as e: + errors: List[Exception] = [] errors.append(e) try: data = vars(obj) @@ -144,6 +160,8 @@ def jsonable_encoder( raise ValueError(errors) return jsonable_encoder( data, + include=include, + exclude=exclude, by_alias=by_alias, exclude_unset=exclude_unset, exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults, diff --git a/fastapi/exception_handlers.py b/fastapi/exception_handlers.py index 2b286d71c7610..4d7ea5ec2e44b 100644 --- a/fastapi/exception_handlers.py +++ b/fastapi/exception_handlers.py @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError +from fastapi.utils import is_body_allowed_for_status_code from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException from starlette.requests import Request -from starlette.responses import JSONResponse +from starlette.responses import JSONResponse, Response from starlette.status import HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY -async def http_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: HTTPException) -> JSONResponse: +async def http_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: HTTPException) -> Response: headers = getattr(exc, "headers", None) - if headers: - return JSONResponse( - {"detail": exc.detail}, status_code=exc.status_code, headers=headers - ) - else: - return JSONResponse({"detail": exc.detail}, status_code=exc.status_code) + if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(exc.status_code): + return Response(status_code=exc.status_code, headers=headers) + return JSONResponse( + {"detail": exc.detail}, status_code=exc.status_code, headers=headers + ) async def request_validation_exception_handler( diff --git a/fastapi/openapi/docs.py b/fastapi/openapi/docs.py index d6af17a850e78..bf335118fc791 100644 --- a/fastapi/openapi/docs.py +++ b/fastapi/openapi/docs.py @@ -106,6 +106,9 @@ def get_redoc_html( + @@ -115,12 +118,14 @@ def get_redoc_html( def get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html() -> HTMLResponse: + # copied from https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/blob/v4.14.0/dist/oauth2-redirect.html html = """ - + - - - + + Swagger UI: OAuth2 Redirect + + + + """ return HTMLResponse(content=html) diff --git a/fastapi/openapi/utils.py b/fastapi/openapi/utils.py index 5d3d95c2442cd..86e15b46d30a3 100644 --- a/fastapi/openapi/utils.py +++ b/fastapi/openapi/utils.py @@ -222,9 +222,18 @@ def get_openapi_path( ) parameters.extend(operation_parameters) if parameters: - operation["parameters"] = list( - {param["name"]: param for param in parameters}.values() - ) + all_parameters = { + (param["in"], param["name"]): param for param in parameters + } + required_parameters = { + (param["in"], param["name"]): param + for param in parameters + if param.get("required") + } + # Make sure required definitions of the same parameter take precedence + # over non-required definitions + all_parameters.update(required_parameters) + operation["parameters"] = list(all_parameters.values()) if method in METHODS_WITH_BODY: request_body_oai = get_openapi_operation_request_body( body_field=route.body_field, model_name_map=model_name_map diff --git a/fastapi/responses.py b/fastapi/responses.py index 6cd7931571fc9..88dba96e8f566 100644 --- a/fastapi/responses.py +++ b/fastapi/responses.py @@ -31,4 +31,6 @@ class ORJSONResponse(JSONResponse): def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes: assert orjson is not None, "orjson must be installed to use ORJSONResponse" - return orjson.dumps(content) + return orjson.dumps( + content, option=orjson.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS | orjson.OPT_SERIALIZE_NUMPY + ) diff --git a/fastapi/routing.py b/fastapi/routing.py index 6f1a8e9000dd6..710cb97346127 100644 --- a/fastapi/routing.py +++ b/fastapi/routing.py @@ -209,7 +209,11 @@ async def app(request: Request) -> Response: else: body = body_bytes except json.JSONDecodeError as e: - raise RequestValidationError([ErrorWrapper(e, ("body", e.pos))], body=e.doc) + raise RequestValidationError( + [ErrorWrapper(e, ("body", e.pos))], body=e.doc + ) from e + except HTTPException: + raise except Exception as e: raise HTTPException( status_code=400, detail="There was an error parsing the body" @@ -254,7 +258,7 @@ async def app(request: Request) -> Response: is_coroutine=is_coroutine, ) response = actual_response_class(content, **response_args) - if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(status_code): + if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(response.status_code): response.body = b"" response.headers.raw.extend(sub_response.headers.raw) return response @@ -293,14 +297,14 @@ def __init__( self.path = path self.endpoint = endpoint self.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name - self.dependant = get_dependant(path=path, call=self.endpoint) + self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path) + self.dependant = get_dependant(path=self.path_format, call=self.endpoint) self.app = websocket_session( get_websocket_app( dependant=self.dependant, dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider, ) ) - self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path) def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> Tuple[Match, Scope]: match, child_scope = super().matches(scope) @@ -315,7 +319,7 @@ def __init__( path: str, endpoint: Callable[..., Any], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -409,7 +413,7 @@ def __init__( self.description = description or inspect.cleandoc(self.endpoint.__doc__ or "") # if a "form feed" character (page break) is found in the description text, # truncate description text to the content preceding the first "form feed" - self.description = self.description.split("\f")[0] + self.description = self.description.split("\f")[0].strip() response_fields = {} for additional_status_code, response in self.responses.items(): assert isinstance(response, dict), "An additional response must be a dict" @@ -511,7 +515,7 @@ def add_api_route( path: str, endpoint: Callable[..., Any], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -592,7 +596,7 @@ def api_route( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -787,7 +791,7 @@ def get( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -843,7 +847,7 @@ def put( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -899,7 +903,7 @@ def post( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -955,7 +959,7 @@ def delete( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -1011,7 +1015,7 @@ def options( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -1067,7 +1071,7 @@ def head( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -1123,7 +1127,7 @@ def patch( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -1179,7 +1183,7 @@ def trace( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, diff --git a/fastapi/security/oauth2.py b/fastapi/security/oauth2.py index 888208c1501fc..653c3010e58a3 100644 --- a/fastapi/security/oauth2.py +++ b/fastapi/security/oauth2.py @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ def __init__( flows: Union[OAuthFlowsModel, Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]] = OAuthFlowsModel(), scheme_name: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, - auto_error: Optional[bool] = True + auto_error: bool = True ): self.model = OAuth2Model(flows=flows, description=description) self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__ diff --git a/fastapi/utils.py b/fastapi/utils.py index 887d57c90258a..89f54453b5a90 100644 --- a/fastapi/utils.py +++ b/fastapi/utils.py @@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ def get_model_definitions( ) definitions.update(m_definitions) model_name = model_name_map[model] + if "description" in m_schema: + m_schema["description"] = m_schema["description"].split("\f")[0] definitions[model_name] = m_schema return definitions @@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ def create_response_field( type_: Type[Any], class_validators: Optional[Dict[str, Validator]] = None, default: Optional[Any] = None, - required: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = False, + required: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = True, model_config: Type[BaseConfig] = BaseConfig, field_info: Optional[FieldInfo] = None, alias: Optional[str] = None, @@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ def create_cloned_field( ) -> ModelField: # _cloned_types has already cloned types, to support recursive models if cloned_types is None: - cloned_types = dict() + cloned_types = {} original_type = field.type_ if is_dataclass(original_type) and hasattr(original_type, "__pydantic_model__"): original_type = original_type.__pydantic_model__ @@ -140,14 +142,14 @@ def generate_operation_id_for_path( stacklevel=2, ) operation_id = name + path - operation_id = re.sub("[^0-9a-zA-Z_]", "_", operation_id) + operation_id = re.sub(r"\W", "_", operation_id) operation_id = operation_id + "_" + method.lower() return operation_id def generate_unique_id(route: "APIRoute") -> str: operation_id = route.name + route.path_format - operation_id = re.sub("[^0-9a-zA-Z_]", "_", operation_id) + operation_id = re.sub(r"\W", "_", operation_id) assert route.methods operation_id = operation_id + "_" + list(route.methods)[0].lower() return operation_id @@ -161,6 +163,12 @@ def deep_dict_update(main_dict: Dict[Any, Any], update_dict: Dict[Any, Any]) -> and isinstance(value, dict) ): deep_dict_update(main_dict[key], value) + elif ( + key in main_dict + and isinstance(main_dict[key], list) + and isinstance(update_dict[key], list) + ): + main_dict[key] = main_dict[key] + update_dict[key] else: main_dict[key] = value diff --git a/fastapi/websockets.py b/fastapi/websockets.py index bed672acff5f2..55a4ac4a1a918 100644 --- a/fastapi/websockets.py +++ b/fastapi/websockets.py @@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ from starlette.websockets import WebSocket as WebSocket # noqa from starlette.websockets import WebSocketDisconnect as WebSocketDisconnect # noqa +from starlette.websockets import WebSocketState as WebSocketState # noqa diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml index 2a9d62ddb38ef..45857f7656040 100644 --- a/pyproject.toml +++ b/pyproject.toml @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test = [ "pytest >=6.2.4,<7.0.0", "pytest-cov >=2.12.0,<4.0.0", "mypy ==0.910", - "flake8 >=3.8.3,<4.0.0", + "flake8 >=3.8.3,<6.0.0", "black == 22.3.0", "isort >=5.0.6,<6.0.0", "requests >=2.24.0,<3.0.0", @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ dev = [ "python-jose[cryptography] >=3.3.0,<4.0.0", "passlib[bcrypt] >=1.7.2,<2.0.0", "autoflake >=1.4.0,<2.0.0", - "flake8 >=3.8.3,<4.0.0", + "flake8 >=3.8.3,<6.0.0", "uvicorn[standard] >=0.12.0,<0.18.0", "pre-commit >=2.17.0,<3.0.0", ] @@ -109,21 +109,7 @@ profile = "black" known_third_party = ["fastapi", "pydantic", "starlette"] [tool.mypy] -# --strict -disallow_any_generics = true -disallow_subclassing_any = true -disallow_untyped_calls = true -disallow_untyped_defs = true -disallow_incomplete_defs = true -check_untyped_defs = true -disallow_untyped_decorators = true -no_implicit_optional = true -warn_redundant_casts = true -warn_unused_ignores = true -warn_return_any = true -implicit_reexport = false -strict_equality = true -# --strict end +strict = true [[tool.mypy.overrides]] module = "fastapi.concurrency" diff --git a/tests/main.py b/tests/main.py index f70496db8e111..fce6657040bd8 100644 --- a/tests/main.py +++ b/tests/main.py @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ import http -from typing import Optional +from typing import FrozenSet, Optional from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query @@ -192,3 +192,8 @@ def get_query_param_required_type(query: int = Query()): @app.get("/enum-status-code", status_code=http.HTTPStatus.CREATED) def get_enum_status_code(): return "foo bar" + + +@app.get("/query/frozenset") +def get_query_type_frozenset(query: FrozenSet[int] = Query(...)): + return ",".join(map(str, sorted(query))) diff --git a/tests/test_application.py b/tests/test_application.py index d9194c15c7313..b7d72f9ad176c 100644 --- a/tests/test_application.py +++ b/tests/test_application.py @@ -1090,6 +1090,41 @@ "operationId": "get_enum_status_code_enum_status_code_get", } }, + "/query/frozenset": { + "get": { + "summary": "Get Query Type Frozenset", + "operationId": "get_query_type_frozenset_query_frozenset_get", + "parameters": [ + { + "required": True, + "schema": { + "title": "Query", + "uniqueItems": True, + "type": "array", + "items": {"type": "integer"}, + }, + "name": "query", + "in": "query", + } + ], + "responses": { + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}}, + }, + "422": { + "description": "Validation Error", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError" + } + } + }, + }, + }, + } + }, }, "components": { "schemas": { diff --git a/tests/test_custom_middleware_exception.py b/tests/test_custom_middleware_exception.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..d9b81e7c2e74f --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_custom_middleware_exception.py @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +from pathlib import Path +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI, File, UploadFile +from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +app = FastAPI() + +router = APIRouter() + + +class ContentSizeLimitMiddleware: + """Content size limiting middleware for ASGI applications + Args: + app (ASGI application): ASGI application + max_content_size (optional): the maximum content size allowed in bytes, None for no limit + """ + + def __init__(self, app: APIRouter, max_content_size: Optional[int] = None): + self.app = app + self.max_content_size = max_content_size + + def receive_wrapper(self, receive): + received = 0 + + async def inner(): + nonlocal received + message = await receive() + if message["type"] != "http.request": + return message # pragma: no cover + + body_len = len(message.get("body", b"")) + received += body_len + if received > self.max_content_size: + raise HTTPException( + 422, + detail={ + "name": "ContentSizeLimitExceeded", + "code": 999, + "message": "File limit exceeded", + }, + ) + return message + + return inner + + async def __call__(self, scope, receive, send): + if scope["type"] != "http" or self.max_content_size is None: + await self.app(scope, receive, send) + return + + wrapper = self.receive_wrapper(receive) + await self.app(scope, wrapper, send) + + +@router.post("/middleware") +def run_middleware(file: UploadFile = File(..., description="Big File")): + return {"message": "OK"} + + +app.include_router(router) +app.add_middleware(ContentSizeLimitMiddleware, max_content_size=2**8) + + +client = TestClient(app) + + +def test_custom_middleware_exception(tmp_path: Path): + default_pydantic_max_size = 2**16 + path = tmp_path / "test.txt" + path.write_bytes(b"x" * (default_pydantic_max_size + 1)) + + with client: + with open(path, "rb") as file: + response = client.post("/middleware", files={"file": file}) + assert response.status_code == 422, response.text + assert response.json() == { + "detail": { + "name": "ContentSizeLimitExceeded", + "code": 999, + "message": "File limit exceeded", + } + } + + +def test_custom_middleware_exception_not_raised(tmp_path: Path): + path = tmp_path / "test.txt" + path.write_bytes(b"") + + with client: + with open(path, "rb") as file: + response = client.post("/middleware", files={"file": file}) + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == {"message": "OK"} diff --git a/tests/test_dependency_cache.py b/tests/test_dependency_cache.py index 65ed7f946459e..08fb9b74f48de 100644 --- a/tests/test_dependency_cache.py +++ b/tests/test_dependency_cache.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security from fastapi.testclient import TestClient app = FastAPI() @@ -35,6 +35,19 @@ async def get_sub_counter_no_cache( return {"counter": count, "subcounter": subcount} +@app.get("/scope-counter") +async def get_scope_counter( + count: int = Security(dep_counter), + scope_count_1: int = Security(dep_counter, scopes=["scope"]), + scope_count_2: int = Security(dep_counter, scopes=["scope"]), +): + return { + "counter": count, + "scope_counter_1": scope_count_1, + "scope_counter_2": scope_count_2, + } + + client = TestClient(app) @@ -66,3 +79,13 @@ def test_sub_counter_no_cache(): response = client.get("/sub-counter-no-cache/") assert response.status_code == 200, response.text assert response.json() == {"counter": 4, "subcounter": 3} + + +def test_security_cache(): + counter_holder["counter"] = 0 + response = client.get("/scope-counter/") + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == {"counter": 1, "scope_counter_1": 2, "scope_counter_2": 2} + response = client.get("/scope-counter/") + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == {"counter": 3, "scope_counter_1": 4, "scope_counter_2": 4} diff --git a/tests/test_enforce_once_required_parameter.py b/tests/test_enforce_once_required_parameter.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..ba8c7353fa97f --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_enforce_once_required_parameter.py @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Query, status +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +app = FastAPI() + + +def _get_client_key(client_id: str = Query(...)) -> str: + return f"{client_id}_key" + + +def _get_client_tag(client_id: Optional[str] = Query(None)) -> Optional[str]: + if client_id is None: + return None + return f"{client_id}_tag" + + +@app.get("/foo") +def foo_handler( + client_key: str = Depends(_get_client_key), + client_tag: Optional[str] = Depends(_get_client_tag), +): + return {"client_id": client_key, "client_tag": client_tag} + + +client = TestClient(app) + +expected_schema = { + "components": { + "schemas": { + "HTTPValidationError": { + "properties": { + "detail": { + "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"}, + "title": "Detail", + "type": "array", + } + }, + "title": "HTTPValidationError", + "type": "object", + }, + "ValidationError": { + "properties": { + "loc": { + "items": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]}, + "title": "Location", + "type": "array", + }, + "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"}, + "type": {"title": "Error " "Type", "type": "string"}, + }, + "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"], + "title": "ValidationError", + "type": "object", + }, + } + }, + "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"}, + "openapi": "3.0.2", + "paths": { + "/foo": { + "get": { + "operationId": "foo_handler_foo_get", + "parameters": [ + { + "in": "query", + "name": "client_id", + "required": True, + "schema": {"title": "Client Id", "type": "string"}, + }, + ], + "responses": { + "200": { + "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}}, + "description": "Successful " "Response", + }, + "422": { + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError" + } + } + }, + "description": "Validation " "Error", + }, + }, + "summary": "Foo Handler", + } + } + }, +} + + +def test_schema(): + response = client.get("/openapi.json") + assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK + actual_schema = response.json() + assert actual_schema == expected_schema + + +def test_get_invalid(): + response = client.get("/foo", params={"client_id": None}) + assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY + + +def test_get_valid(): + response = client.get("/foo", params={"client_id": "bar"}) + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == {"client_id": "bar_key", "client_tag": "bar_tag"} diff --git a/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py b/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py index ed35fd32e43f0..f4fdcf6014a43 100644 --- a/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py +++ b/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +from dataclasses import dataclass from datetime import datetime, timezone from enum import Enum from pathlib import PurePath, PurePosixPath, PureWindowsPath @@ -19,6 +20,12 @@ def __init__(self, owner: Person, name: str): self.name = name +@dataclass +class Item: + name: str + count: int + + class DictablePerson(Person): def __iter__(self): return ((k, v) for k, v in self.__dict__.items()) @@ -93,16 +100,51 @@ class Config: return ModelWithPath(path=request.param("/foo", "bar")) +def test_encode_dict(): + pet = {"name": "Firulais", "owner": {"name": "Foo"}} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet) == {"name": "Firulais", "owner": {"name": "Foo"}} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={"name"}) == {"name": "Firulais"} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={"owner"}) == {"name": "Firulais"} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={}) == {} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={}) == { + "name": "Firulais", + "owner": {"name": "Foo"}, + } + + def test_encode_class(): person = Person(name="Foo") pet = Pet(owner=person, name="Firulais") assert jsonable_encoder(pet) == {"name": "Firulais", "owner": {"name": "Foo"}} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={"name"}) == {"name": "Firulais"} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={"owner"}) == {"name": "Firulais"} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={}) == {} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={}) == { + "name": "Firulais", + "owner": {"name": "Foo"}, + } def test_encode_dictable(): person = DictablePerson(name="Foo") pet = DictablePet(owner=person, name="Firulais") assert jsonable_encoder(pet) == {"name": "Firulais", "owner": {"name": "Foo"}} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={"name"}) == {"name": "Firulais"} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={"owner"}) == {"name": "Firulais"} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={}) == {} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={}) == { + "name": "Firulais", + "owner": {"name": "Foo"}, + } + + +def test_encode_dataclass(): + item = Item(name="foo", count=100) + assert jsonable_encoder(item) == {"name": "foo", "count": 100} + assert jsonable_encoder(item, include={"name"}) == {"name": "foo"} + assert jsonable_encoder(item, exclude={"count"}) == {"name": "foo"} + assert jsonable_encoder(item, include={}) == {} + assert jsonable_encoder(item, exclude={}) == {"name": "foo", "count": 100} def test_encode_unsupported(): @@ -144,6 +186,14 @@ def test_encode_model_with_default(): assert jsonable_encoder(model, exclude_unset=True, exclude_defaults=True) == { "foo": "foo" } + assert jsonable_encoder(model, include={"foo"}) == {"foo": "foo"} + assert jsonable_encoder(model, exclude={"bla"}) == {"foo": "foo", "bar": "bar"} + assert jsonable_encoder(model, include={}) == {} + assert jsonable_encoder(model, exclude={}) == { + "foo": "foo", + "bar": "bar", + "bla": "bla", + } def test_custom_encoders(): diff --git a/tests/test_openapi_query_parameter_extension.py b/tests/test_openapi_query_parameter_extension.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..d3996f26ee417 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_openapi_query_parameter_extension.py @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get( + "/", + openapi_extra={ + "parameters": [ + { + "required": False, + "schema": {"title": "Extra Param 1"}, + "name": "extra_param_1", + "in": "query", + }, + { + "required": True, + "schema": {"title": "Extra Param 2"}, + "name": "extra_param_2", + "in": "query", + }, + ] + }, +) +def route_with_extra_query_parameters(standard_query_param: Optional[int] = 50): + return {} + + +client = TestClient(app) + + +openapi_schema = { + "openapi": "3.0.2", + "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"}, + "paths": { + "/": { + "get": { + "summary": "Route With Extra Query Parameters", + "operationId": "route_with_extra_query_parameters__get", + "parameters": [ + { + "required": False, + "schema": { + "title": "Standard Query Param", + "type": "integer", + "default": 50, + }, + "name": "standard_query_param", + "in": "query", + }, + { + "required": False, + "schema": {"title": "Extra Param 1"}, + "name": "extra_param_1", + "in": "query", + }, + { + "required": True, + "schema": {"title": "Extra Param 2"}, + "name": "extra_param_2", + "in": "query", + }, + ], + "responses": { + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}}, + }, + "422": { + "description": "Validation Error", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError" + } + } + }, + }, + }, + } + } + }, + "components": { + "schemas": { + "HTTPValidationError": { + "title": "HTTPValidationError", + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "detail": { + "title": "Detail", + "type": "array", + "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"}, + } + }, + }, + "ValidationError": { + "title": "ValidationError", + "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"], + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "loc": { + "title": "Location", + "type": "array", + "items": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]}, + }, + "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"}, + "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"}, + }, + }, + } + }, +} + + +def test_openapi(): + response = client.get("/openapi.json") + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == openapi_schema + + +def test_get_route(): + response = client.get("/") + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == {} diff --git a/tests/test_orjson_response_class.py b/tests/test_orjson_response_class.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..6fe62daf97b4e --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_orjson_response_class.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient +from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import quoted_name + +app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse) + + +@app.get("/orjson_non_str_keys") +def get_orjson_non_str_keys(): + key = quoted_name(value="msg", quote=False) + return {key: "Hello World", 1: 1} + + +client = TestClient(app) + + +def test_orjson_non_str_keys(): + with client: + response = client.get("/orjson_non_str_keys") + assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello World", "1": 1} diff --git a/tests/test_query.py b/tests/test_query.py index cdbdd1ccdcd15..0c73eb665eda7 100644 --- a/tests/test_query.py +++ b/tests/test_query.py @@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ ("/query/param-required/int", 422, response_missing), ("/query/param-required/int?query=50", 200, "foo bar 50"), ("/query/param-required/int?query=foo", 422, response_not_valid_int), + ("/query/frozenset/?query=1&query=1&query=2", 200, "1,2"), ], ) def test_get_path(path, expected_status, expected_response): diff --git a/tests/test_repeated_parameter_alias.py b/tests/test_repeated_parameter_alias.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..823f53a95a2cf --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_repeated_parameter_alias.py @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query, status +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/{repeated_alias}") +def get_parameters_with_repeated_aliases( + path: str = Path(..., alias="repeated_alias"), + query: str = Query(..., alias="repeated_alias"), +): + return {"path": path, "query": query} + + +client = TestClient(app) + +openapi_schema = { + "components": { + "schemas": { + "HTTPValidationError": { + "properties": { + "detail": { + "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"}, + "title": "Detail", + "type": "array", + } + }, + "title": "HTTPValidationError", + "type": "object", + }, + "ValidationError": { + "properties": { + "loc": { + "items": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]}, + "title": "Location", + "type": "array", + }, + "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"}, + "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"}, + }, + "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"], + "title": "ValidationError", + "type": "object", + }, + } + }, + "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"}, + "openapi": "3.0.2", + "paths": { + "/{repeated_alias}": { + "get": { + "operationId": "get_parameters_with_repeated_aliases__repeated_alias__get", + "parameters": [ + { + "in": "path", + "name": "repeated_alias", + "required": True, + "schema": {"title": "Repeated Alias", "type": "string"}, + }, + { + "in": "query", + "name": "repeated_alias", + "required": True, + "schema": {"title": "Repeated Alias", "type": "string"}, + }, + ], + "responses": { + "200": { + "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}}, + "description": "Successful Response", + }, + "422": { + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError" + } + } + }, + "description": "Validation Error", + }, + }, + "summary": "Get Parameters With Repeated Aliases", + } + } + }, +} + + +def test_openapi_schema(): + response = client.get("/openapi.json") + assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK + actual_schema = response.json() + assert actual_schema == openapi_schema + + +def test_get_parameters(): + response = client.get("/test_path", params={"repeated_alias": "test_query"}) + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == {"path": "test_path", "query": "test_query"} diff --git a/tests/test_reponse_set_reponse_code_empty.py b/tests/test_reponse_set_reponse_code_empty.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..094d54a84b60c --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_reponse_set_reponse_code_empty.py @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +from typing import Any + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Response +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.delete( + "/{id}", + status_code=204, +) +async def delete_deployment( + id: int, + response: Response, +) -> Any: + response.status_code = 400 + return {"msg": "Status overwritten", "id": id} + + +client = TestClient(app) + + +openapi_schema = { + "openapi": "3.0.2", + "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"}, + "paths": { + "/{id}": { + "delete": { + "summary": "Delete Deployment", + "operationId": "delete_deployment__id__delete", + "parameters": [ + { + "required": True, + "schema": {"title": "Id", "type": "integer"}, + "name": "id", + "in": "path", + } + ], + "responses": { + "204": {"description": "Successful Response"}, + "422": { + "description": "Validation Error", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError" + } + } + }, + }, + }, + } + } + }, + "components": { + "schemas": { + "HTTPValidationError": { + "title": "HTTPValidationError", + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "detail": { + "title": "Detail", + "type": "array", + "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"}, + } + }, + }, + "ValidationError": { + "title": "ValidationError", + "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"], + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "loc": { + "title": "Location", + "type": "array", + "items": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]}, + }, + "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"}, + "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"}, + }, + }, + } + }, +} + + +def test_openapi_schema(): + response = client.get("/openapi.json") + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == openapi_schema + + +def test_dependency_set_status_code(): + response = client.delete("/1") + assert response.status_code == 400 and response.content + assert response.json() == {"msg": "Status overwritten", "id": 1} diff --git a/tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py b/tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py index 5047aeaa4b02a..f07d2c3b8c4d7 100644 --- a/tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py +++ b/tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ def query_example_examples( default=None, example="query_overriden", examples={ - "example1": {"summary": "Qeury example 1", "value": "query1"}, + "example1": {"summary": "Query example 1", "value": "query1"}, "example2": {"value": "query2"}, }, ), @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ def header_example_examples( default=None, example="header_overriden", examples={ - "example1": {"summary": "Qeury example 1", "value": "header1"}, + "example1": {"summary": "Query example 1", "value": "header1"}, "example2": {"value": "header2"}, }, ), @@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ def cookie_example_examples( default=None, example="cookie_overriden", examples={ - "example1": {"summary": "Qeury example 1", "value": "cookie1"}, + "example1": {"summary": "Query example 1", "value": "cookie1"}, "example2": {"value": "cookie2"}, }, ), @@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ def cookie_example_examples( "schema": {"title": "Data", "type": "string"}, "examples": { "example1": { - "summary": "Qeury example 1", + "summary": "Query example 1", "value": "query1", }, "example2": {"value": "query2"}, @@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ def cookie_example_examples( "schema": {"title": "Data", "type": "string"}, "examples": { "example1": { - "summary": "Qeury example 1", + "summary": "Query example 1", "value": "header1", }, "example2": {"value": "header2"}, @@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ def cookie_example_examples( "schema": {"title": "Data", "type": "string"}, "examples": { "example1": { - "summary": "Qeury example 1", + "summary": "Query example 1", "value": "cookie1", }, "example2": {"value": "cookie2"}, diff --git a/tests/test_serialize_response_dataclass.py b/tests/test_serialize_response_dataclass.py index e520338ec68f0..1e3bf3b28bcc3 100644 --- a/tests/test_serialize_response_dataclass.py +++ b/tests/test_serialize_response_dataclass.py @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ +from dataclasses import dataclass +from datetime import datetime from typing import List, Optional from fastapi import FastAPI from fastapi.testclient import TestClient -from pydantic.dataclasses import dataclass app = FastAPI() @@ -10,54 +11,64 @@ @dataclass class Item: name: str + date: datetime price: Optional[float] = None owner_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None @app.get("/items/valid", response_model=Item) def get_valid(): - return {"name": "valid", "price": 1.0} + return {"name": "valid", "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26), "price": 1.0} @app.get("/items/object", response_model=Item) def get_object(): - return Item(name="object", price=1.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3]) + return Item( + name="object", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26), price=1.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3] + ) @app.get("/items/coerce", response_model=Item) def get_coerce(): - return {"name": "coerce", "price": "1.0"} + return {"name": "coerce", "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), "price": "1.0"} @app.get("/items/validlist", response_model=List[Item]) def get_validlist(): return [ - {"name": "foo"}, - {"name": "bar", "price": 1.0}, - {"name": "baz", "price": 2.0, "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3]}, + {"name": "foo", "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26)}, + {"name": "bar", "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26), "price": 1.0}, + { + "name": "baz", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26), + "price": 2.0, + "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3], + }, ] @app.get("/items/objectlist", response_model=List[Item]) def get_objectlist(): return [ - Item(name="foo"), - Item(name="bar", price=1.0), - Item(name="baz", price=2.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3]), + Item(name="foo", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26)), + Item(name="bar", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26), price=1.0), + Item(name="baz", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26), price=2.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3]), ] @app.get("/items/no-response-model/object") def get_no_response_model_object(): - return Item(name="object", price=1.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3]) + return Item( + name="object", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26), price=1.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3] + ) @app.get("/items/no-response-model/objectlist") def get_no_response_model_objectlist(): return [ - Item(name="foo"), - Item(name="bar", price=1.0), - Item(name="baz", price=2.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3]), + Item(name="foo", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26)), + Item(name="bar", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26), price=1.0), + Item(name="baz", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26), price=2.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3]), ] @@ -67,28 +78,58 @@ def get_no_response_model_objectlist(): def test_valid(): response = client.get("/items/valid") response.raise_for_status() - assert response.json() == {"name": "valid", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": None} + assert response.json() == { + "name": "valid", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 1.0, + "owner_ids": None, + } def test_object(): response = client.get("/items/object") response.raise_for_status() - assert response.json() == {"name": "object", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3]} + assert response.json() == { + "name": "object", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 1.0, + "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3], + } def test_coerce(): response = client.get("/items/coerce") response.raise_for_status() - assert response.json() == {"name": "coerce", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": None} + assert response.json() == { + "name": "coerce", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 1.0, + "owner_ids": None, + } def test_validlist(): response = client.get("/items/validlist") response.raise_for_status() assert response.json() == [ - {"name": "foo", "price": None, "owner_ids": None}, - {"name": "bar", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": None}, - {"name": "baz", "price": 2.0, "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3]}, + { + "name": "foo", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": None, + "owner_ids": None, + }, + { + "name": "bar", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 1.0, + "owner_ids": None, + }, + { + "name": "baz", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 2.0, + "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3], + }, ] @@ -96,23 +137,58 @@ def test_objectlist(): response = client.get("/items/objectlist") response.raise_for_status() assert response.json() == [ - {"name": "foo", "price": None, "owner_ids": None}, - {"name": "bar", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": None}, - {"name": "baz", "price": 2.0, "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3]}, + { + "name": "foo", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": None, + "owner_ids": None, + }, + { + "name": "bar", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 1.0, + "owner_ids": None, + }, + { + "name": "baz", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 2.0, + "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3], + }, ] def test_no_response_model_object(): response = client.get("/items/no-response-model/object") response.raise_for_status() - assert response.json() == {"name": "object", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3]} + assert response.json() == { + "name": "object", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 1.0, + "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3], + } def test_no_response_model_objectlist(): response = client.get("/items/no-response-model/objectlist") response.raise_for_status() assert response.json() == [ - {"name": "foo", "price": None, "owner_ids": None}, - {"name": "bar", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": None}, - {"name": "baz", "price": 2.0, "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3]}, + { + "name": "foo", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": None, + "owner_ids": None, + }, + { + "name": "bar", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 1.0, + "owner_ids": None, + }, + { + "name": "baz", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 2.0, + "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3], + }, ] diff --git a/tests/test_starlette_exception.py b/tests/test_starlette_exception.py index 859169d3cdad8..2b6712f7b6c58 100644 --- a/tests/test_starlette_exception.py +++ b/tests/test_starlette_exception.py @@ -18,6 +18,16 @@ async def read_item(item_id: str): return {"item": items[item_id]} +@app.get("/http-no-body-statuscode-exception") +async def no_body_status_code_exception(): + raise HTTPException(status_code=204) + + +@app.get("/http-no-body-statuscode-with-detail-exception") +async def no_body_status_code_with_detail_exception(): + raise HTTPException(status_code=204, detail="I should just disappear!") + + @app.get("/starlette-items/{item_id}") async def read_starlette_item(item_id: str): if item_id not in items: @@ -31,6 +41,30 @@ async def read_starlette_item(item_id: str): "openapi": "3.0.2", "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"}, "paths": { + "/http-no-body-statuscode-exception": { + "get": { + "operationId": "no_body_status_code_exception_http_no_body_statuscode_exception_get", + "responses": { + "200": { + "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}}, + "description": "Successful " "Response", + } + }, + "summary": "No Body " "Status " "Code " "Exception", + } + }, + "/http-no-body-statuscode-with-detail-exception": { + "get": { + "operationId": "no_body_status_code_with_detail_exception_http_no_body_statuscode_with_detail_exception_get", + "responses": { + "200": { + "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}}, + "description": "Successful " "Response", + } + }, + "summary": "No Body Status Code With Detail Exception", + } + }, "/items/{item_id}": { "get": { "responses": { @@ -154,3 +188,15 @@ def test_get_starlette_item_not_found(): assert response.status_code == 404, response.text assert response.headers.get("x-error") is None assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item not found"} + + +def test_no_body_status_code_exception_handlers(): + response = client.get("/http-no-body-statuscode-exception") + assert response.status_code == 204 + assert not response.content + + +def test_no_body_status_code_with_detail_exception_handlers(): + response = client.get("/http-no-body-statuscode-with-detail-exception") + assert response.status_code == 204 + assert not response.content diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_custom_response/test_tutorial009c.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_custom_response/test_tutorial009c.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..23c711abe9a0e --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_custom_response/test_tutorial009c.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +from docs_src.custom_response.tutorial009c import app + +client = TestClient(app) + + +def test_get(): + response = client.get("/") + assert response.content == b'{\n "message": "Hello World"\n}' diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_path_operation_advanced_configurations/test_tutorial004.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_path_operation_advanced_configurations/test_tutorial004.py index 456e509d5b76a..3de19833beb23 100644 --- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_path_operation_advanced_configurations/test_tutorial004.py +++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_path_operation_advanced_configurations/test_tutorial004.py @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ }, }, "summary": "Create an item", - "description": "Create an item with all the information:\n\n- **name**: each item must have a name\n- **description**: a long description\n- **price**: required\n- **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this\n- **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item\n", + "description": "Create an item with all the information:\n\n- **name**: each item must have a name\n- **description**: a long description\n- **price**: required\n- **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this\n- **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item", "operationId": "create_item_items__post", "requestBody": { "content": { diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases/test_sql_databases.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases/test_sql_databases.py index 09304ff8780a7..9d03ce61bad18 100644 --- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases/test_sql_databases.py +++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases/test_sql_databases.py @@ -356,12 +356,6 @@ def test_create_item(client): item_to_check = [it for it in user_data["items"] if it["id"] == item_data["id"]][0] assert item_to_check["title"] == item["title"] assert item_to_check["description"] == item["description"] - response = client.get("/users/1") - assert response.status_code == 200, response.text - user_data = response.json() - item_to_check = [it for it in user_data["items"] if it["id"] == item_data["id"]][0] - assert item_to_check["title"] == item["title"] - assert item_to_check["description"] == item["description"] def test_read_items(client): diff --git a/tests/test_validate_response.py b/tests/test_validate_response.py index 45d303e20e8bb..62f51c960ded3 100644 --- a/tests/test_validate_response.py +++ b/tests/test_validate_response.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import List, Optional +from typing import List, Optional, Union import pytest from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -19,6 +19,19 @@ def get_invalid(): return {"name": "invalid", "price": "foo"} +@app.get("/items/invalidnone", response_model=Item) +def get_invalid_none(): + return None + + +@app.get("/items/validnone", response_model=Union[Item, None]) +def get_valid_none(send_none: bool = False): + if send_none: + return None + else: + return {"name": "invalid", "price": 3.2} + + @app.get("/items/innerinvalid", response_model=Item) def get_innerinvalid(): return {"name": "double invalid", "price": "foo", "owner_ids": ["foo", "bar"]} @@ -41,6 +54,25 @@ def test_invalid(): client.get("/items/invalid") +def test_invalid_none(): + with pytest.raises(ValidationError): + client.get("/items/invalidnone") + + +def test_valid_none_data(): + response = client.get("/items/validnone") + data = response.json() + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert data == {"name": "invalid", "price": 3.2, "owner_ids": None} + + +def test_valid_none_none(): + response = client.get("/items/validnone", params={"send_none": "true"}) + data = response.json() + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert data is None + + def test_double_invalid(): with pytest.raises(ValidationError): client.get("/items/innerinvalid") diff --git a/tests/test_ws_router.py b/tests/test_ws_router.py index fbca104a231a1..206d743bacaa4 100644 --- a/tests/test_ws_router.py +++ b/tests/test_ws_router.py @@ -35,6 +35,14 @@ async def routerindex2(websocket: WebSocket): await websocket.close() +@router.websocket("/router/{pathparam:path}") +async def routerindexparams(websocket: WebSocket, pathparam: str, queryparam: str): + await websocket.accept() + await websocket.send_text(pathparam) + await websocket.send_text(queryparam) + await websocket.close() + + async def ws_dependency(): return "Socket Dependency" @@ -106,3 +114,14 @@ def test_router_ws_depends_with_override(): app.dependency_overrides[ws_dependency] = lambda: "Override" with client.websocket_connect("/router-ws-depends/") as websocket: assert websocket.receive_text() == "Override" + + +def test_router_with_params(): + client = TestClient(app) + with client.websocket_connect( + "/router/path/to/file?queryparam=a_query_param" + ) as websocket: + data = websocket.receive_text() + assert data == "path/to/file" + data = websocket.receive_text() + assert data == "a_query_param"