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index.idyll
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index.idyll
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[meta title:"Your Personal Carbon History" description:"You’ve lived through a period of unprecedented carbon emissions."
shareImageUrl:"https://parametric.press/issue-02/carbon-history/static/images/share.png"
shareImageWidth:"880"
shareImageHeight:"440" /]
[var name:"parametricSlug" value:"carbon-history" /]
[Nav fullWidth:true /]
[Header
title:`["Your Personal", "Carbon History"]`
longTitle:`["Your Personal", "Carbon History"]`
date:"October 19, 2020"
dek:"Why you’ve lived through a period of unprecedented carbon emissions."
fullWidth:true
authors:`[{
name: "Aatish Bhatia",
role: "author",
url: "https://aatishb.com/"
}]`
doi:"https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/245052678"
archive:"https://parametric-press-archives.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/issue-02.wacz"
source:`"https://github.com/ParametricPress/02-" + parametricSlug `
/]
[data name:"co2" source:"CO2.csv" /]
// NOTE: Set readerMode to true before publishing
[var name:"readerMode" value:true /]
Humans have been burning fossil fuels on an industrial scale for hundreds of years.
So you might guess that your life is just a blip in the centuries-long story of human carbon emissions.
Let's take a closer look at this assumption.
To get started, make a guess by dragging the slider below.
[var name:"guessPercent" value:0 /]
[Range value:guessPercent min:0 max:100 /]
I guess that [Display value:guessPercent format:"d" /][span style:`{color: "#fff"}`]%[/span] of all human carbon dioxide emissions occurred during my lifetime.
[var name:"guessMade" value:false /]
[Button onClick:`guessMade = true`]
Submit
[/Button]
[div fullWidth:true ]
[Conditional if:`guessMade || !readerMode`]
[TextContainer]
[br/]
What's the right answer? To find out, select the year you were born, and we'll pull up the numbers for your lifetime.
[var name:"birthYear" value:"1985" /]
I was born in [Select value:birthYear options:`Array(96).fill(0).map((e,i) => 1920 + i).map(e => e.toString())` /]
[var name:"birthYearSelected" value:false /]
[Button onClick:`birthYearSelected = true`]
Submit
[/Button]
[/TextContainer]
[Conditional if:`birthYearSelected || !readerMode`]
[TextContainer]
[br/]
You guessed that [Display value:guessPercent format:"d" /][span style:`{color: "#fff"}`]%[/span] of human carbon dioxide emissions occurred during your lifetime.
In reality, about [Display value:`100 * getCO2Fraction(birthYear)` format:"d"/][span style:`{color: "#fff"}`]%[/span] of human-caused carbon dioxide emissions occurred since you were born.
**If you're in high school**, roughly a quarter of all human carbon emissions occurred during your lifetime.
**If you're old enough to vote**, more than a third of all human carbon emissions occurred in your life.
**If you're old enough to run for president**, more than half of all human carbon emissions occurred in your life.
**If you're old enough to retire**, more than three-quarters of all human carbon emissions occurred in your life.
And that's just through 2019.
As we emit more carbon dioxide, the fraction emitted in your life will continue to grow.
[/TextContainer]
[var name:"ages" value:`Array(20).fill(0).map((e,i) => 5 * (i+1))` /]
[PlotlyComponentHover
isVisible: birthYearSelected
data: `[{
type: 'bar',
x: ages,
y: ages.map(e => 100 * getCO2Fraction(currentYear - e)),
text: ages.map(e => 100 * getCO2Fraction(currentYear - e)).map(e => Math.round(e)+'%'),
hoverinfo: 'text',
hoverlabel: { bgcolor: "#FFF"},
marker: {
color: ages.map(e => '#666666'),
},
}]`
layout: `(width) => ({
title: 'What Fraction of CO₂ Emissions Happened in a Lifetime?',
width: width,
height: Math.max(width / 1.61803 - 96, 300),
paper_bgcolor: '#222222',
plot_bgcolor: '#222222',
xaxis: {
title: {
text: 'Age',
},
dtick: 5,
color: '#7e7e7e',
fixedrange: true,
titlefont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
tickfont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
},
yaxis: {
title: {
text: '% Human CO₂ Emissions Emitted Within This Lifetime',
standoff: 10 * width / 720,
},
range: [0, 101],
color: '#7e7e7e',
fixedrange: true,
titlefont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
tickfont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
},
font: {
family: 'Graphik Web',
color: '#ffffff',
size: 16 * width / 720
},
margin: {
l: 100 * width / 720,
r: 50 * width / 720,
b: 50 * width / 720,
t: 100 * width / 720,
pad: 4 * width / 720
},
});`
/]
[caption]
Every age above shows the percentage of human CO₂ emissions that occurred within that lifetime.
*Human CO₂ emissions* are defined here as the rise in atmospheric CO₂ levels between the pre-industrial value of [280 parts per million](https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/weekly.html) and the 2019 average value.
This graph is inspired by one created by [link text:"Neil Kaye" url:"https://twitter.com/neilrkaye/status/1129347990777413632" /].
**Data Source:** CO₂ values compiled from [Keeling Curve](https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb3859642r) (1959 onwards) and [Law Dome Ice Core](https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/9959) (before 1959).
[/caption]
[TextContainer]
We tend to think of the climate crisis as a historical problem.
But these numbers tell a different story.
The bulk of carbon emissions were emitted in just 35 years—a single generation.
No humans before us have ever witnessed such a steep rise in carbon dioxide.
To better understand this recent surge in carbon dioxide levels, let's take a personalized tour of the history of CO₂—personalized around *you*.
We'll trace our way backward through the years of your life, measuring carbon dioxide levels along the way.
And after reaching your birthday, we'll keep going, putting your life in the perspective of the millions of years that preceded it.
## Part 1: Your Life
To chart the history of carbon emissions, we first need to know how carbon dioxide is measured.
The unit used to measure CO₂ concentration is *parts per million*, or *ppm* for short.
A 1 ppm concentration of CO₂ means that one out of every million parts of air is carbon dioxide.
If we could see the world from the perspective of a molecule, here's what this might look like.
// for full screen viz, uncomment the following line and comment out the [/TextContainer] after the viz (around line 361)
// [/TextContainer]
[var name:"vizppm" value:1 /]
// p5 ppm visualization
[var name:"pauseAnimation1" value:true /]
[p5Component
ppm: vizppm
pauseAnimation: pauseAnimation1
onEnterView: `pauseAnimation1 = false`
onExitViewFully: `pauseAnimation1 = true`
className: "center"
resize: birthYearSelected
sketch:`(p, parent) => {
// visualizing ppm at different levels
// modifying code by Daniel Shiffman
// http://codingtra.in
// http://patreon.com/codingtrain
// Code for: https://youtu.be/17WoOqgXsRM
let canvas;
let stars, volume, depth;
let zoom = 6;
let speed = 10;
let concentration = 1;
function init() {
depth = 2 * p.width;
p.fill('255');
p.textSize(12);
p.textAlign(p.LEFT, p.CENTER);
p.noStroke();
volume = p.round((2*p.width) * (2*p.height) * depth / p.pow(zoom,3));
let numStars = p.round(volume * concentration / 1000000);
stars = [];
for (let i = 0; i < numStars; i++) {
stars.push(new Star());
}
}
p.setup = function() {
canvas = p.createCanvas(400,400);
let myWidth = canvas.canvas.parentElement.clientWidth;
p.resizeCanvas(myWidth,myWidth);
p.noLoop();
p.textFont('Graphik Web');
init();
};
p.draw = function() {
p.background('#222222');
p.text(concentration + ' ppm', 10, p.height - 10);
p.translate(p.width / 2, p.height / 2);
for (let star of stars) {
star.update();
star.show();
}
};
function Star() {
this.x = p.random(-p.width, p.width);
this.y = p.random(-p.height, p.height);
this.z = p.random(depth);
this.update = function() {
this.z = this.z - speed;
if (this.z < 1) {
this.z = depth;
this.x = p.random(-p.width, p.width);
this.y = p.random(-p.height, p.height);
}
};
this.show = function() {
p.circle(p.map(this.x / this.z, 0, 1, 0, p.width),
p.map(this.y / this.z, 0, 1, 0, p.height),
p.map(this.z, 1, depth, zoom, 1));
};
}
p.windowResized = function() {
let myWidth = canvas.canvas.parentElement.clientWidth;
p.resizeCanvas(myWidth,myWidth);
init();
}
p.onUpdate = function(props, oldProps) {
if (props.pauseAnimation !== oldProps.pauseAnimation) {
if (props.pauseAnimation) {
p.noLoop();
} else {
p.loop();
}
}
if (props.ppm !== oldProps.ppm) {
concentration = props.ppm;
init();
}
};
}
`
/]
[Aside]
[Conditional if:`vizppm == 1`]
[span className:"pull-number"]1 ppm[/span]
[span className:"pull-number-text"]
At 1 part per million, a few lone CO₂ molecules drift by.
Carbon dioxide is the main contributor to Earth's greenhouse effect, and without the greenhouse effect, we'd have a very, very cold planet—an average global temperature of about 0°F (-18°C).
[/span]
[/Conditional]
[Conditional if:`vizppm == 10`]
[span className:"pull-number"]10 ppm[/span]
[span className:"pull-number-text"]
At 10 parts per million, a handful of CO₂ molecules pass by.
At CO₂ levels this low, Earth would largely be a frozen, lifeless rock.
[/span]
[/Conditional]
[Conditional if:`vizppm == 100`]
[span className:"pull-number"]100 ppm[/span]
[span className:"pull-number-text"]
At 100 parts per million, more and more CO₂ molecules pass by.
We're dialing up the greenhouse effect and warming up the Earth.
[/span]
[/Conditional]
[Conditional if:`vizppm == 280`]
[span className:"pull-number"]280 ppm[/span]
[span className:"pull-number-text"]
280 parts per million was the CO₂ level before the Industrial Revolution.
Global average temperatures were roughly 1°C cooler than they are today.
[/span]
[/Conditional]
[Conditional if:`vizppm == 412`]
[span className:"pull-number"]412 ppm[/span]
[span className:"pull-number-text"]
412 parts per million was the CO₂ level in 2019.
This raised Earth's temperature by about 1°C compared to pre-industrial times.
[/span]
[/Conditional]
[/Aside]
[br/]
[var name:"ppmVizCompleted" value:false /]
[div className:"buttonwrapper"]
[Button onClick:`vizppm = 1` className:`vizppm == 1 ? 'gray' : ''` ]
1 ppm
[/Button]
[Button onClick:`vizppm = 10` className:`vizppm == 10 ? 'gray' : ''` ]
10 ppm
[/Button]
[Button onClick:`vizppm = 100` className:`vizppm == 100 ? 'gray' : ''` ]
100 ppm
[/Button]
[Button onClick:`vizppm = 280` className:`vizppm == 280 ? 'gray' : ''` ]
280 ppm
[/Button]
[Button
className:`vizppm == 412 ? 'gray' : ''`
onClick:`
vizppm = 412;
ppmVizCompleted = true;
`]
412 ppm
[/Button]
[/div]
[Conditional if:`!ppmVizCompleted`]
[div className:"center"]
[instructions]Click the buttons above to increase CO₂ levels.[/instructions]
[/div]
[/Conditional]
// comment the following line and uncomment the above [/TextContainer] (around line 172) for full screen viz
[/TextContainer]
[Conditional if:`ppmVizCompleted || !readerMode`]
[TextContainer]
[br/]
Now that we have a sense for what a *part per million* looks like, we can see how carbon dioxide levels changed during your lifetime.
The graph below displays the average [span className:"green"]carbon dioxide level[/span] in 2019.
Use the button below to see how CO₂ levels have changed during your life.
[/TextContainer]
[var name:"graphYear" value:2019 /]
[derived name:"stepSize" value:`(2020 - birthYear) / 5` /]
[derived name:"graphData" value:`[{
x: co2.map(e => e.year),
y: co2.map(e => e.ppm),
mode: 'lines',
type: 'scatter',
hovertemplate: '%{x}: %{y:.4r} parts per million of CO₂<extra></extra>',
hoverlabel: { bgcolor: "#FFF"},
line: {
color:'#D8FFA2',
width: 4
}
}]` /]
[PlotlyComponent
isVisible:ppmVizCompleted
data: graphData
layout: `(width) => ({
title: 'Your Life in CO₂',
width: width,
height: Math.max(width/1.618 - 96, 300),
showlegend: false,
paper_bgcolor: '#222222',
plot_bgcolor: '#222222',
hovermode: 'closest',
font: {
family: 'Graphik Web',
size: 16 * width / 720,
color: '#ffffff',
},
xaxis: {
range: [graphYear == 2019 ? 2018.01 : graphYear - stepSize + 1, 2019.99],
tickformat: 'd',
fixedrange: true,
color: '#ffffff',
titlefont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
tickfont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
showline: true,
linecolor: '#ffffff',
linewidth: 2,
},
yaxis: {
range: [graphYear == 2019 ? 399 :
co2.filter(e => e.year >= graphYear).map(e => e.ppm).reduce((a,b) => a < b ? a : b) / 1.1, // min of yvalues in xrange
425
],
title: {
text: 'Carbon Dioxide Level (ppm)',
},
tickformat: 'd',
fixedrange: true,
color: '#D8FFA2',
titlefont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
tickfont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
tickprefix: ' ',
ticksuffix: ' ',
showline: false,
side: 'right'
},
margin: {
l: 25 * width / 720,
r: 80 * width / 720,
b: 25 * width / 720,
t: 50 * width / 720,
pad: 2 * width / 720
},
transition: {
duration: 1000,
easing: 'cubic-in-out',
ordering: 'traces'
},
annotations: [
makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, 2019, width/720, 'down', '2019', 0, 40 * 0.75 * width/720, 'center', 'top', true),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, 2017, width/720, 'up', 'US Leaves<br>Paris Agreement'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, 2015, width/720, 'down', 'Paris Climate<br>Agreement Signed'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, 2012, width/720, 'up', 'Curiosity Rover<br>Lands on Mars'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, 2007, width/720, 'down', 'iPhone<br>Launched 📱'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, 2005, width/720, 'up', 'YouTube<br>Created'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, 2001, width/720, 'down', 'First Harry Potter<br>Movie Released 🧙'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, 1997, width/720, 'up', 'Titanic Movie<br>Released 🚢'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, 1991, width/720, 'down', 'Soviet Union<br>Dissolved ☭'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, 1989, width/720, 'up', 'Berlin Wall<br>Comes Down 🧱'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, 1977, width/720, 'down', 'Star Wars<br>Released'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, 1969, width/720, 'up', 'Humans Land<br>on Moon 🚀'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, 1957, width/720, 'down', 'Sputnik<br>Launched 🛰️'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, 1945, width/720, 'up', 'World War II<br>Ends'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, 1939, width/720, 'down', 'World War II<br>Begins'),
].filter(e => e.x != birthYear)
.filter(e => !(e.direction == 'up' && e.x > birthYear && e.x - birthYear < 5))
.filter(e => e.x >= graphYear)
.filter(e => e.font.size >= 5 * rescaleCached(width/720))
.concat(graphYear <= birthYear ? [makeAnnotation(0.5, graphYear, birthYear, width/720, 'up', 'You Were<br>Born!<br>🎂🎉', 0, 40 * 0.75 * width/720)] : [])
});`
/]
[caption]
**Data Source:** Annualy averaged CO₂ levels compiled from [Keeling Curve](https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb3859642r) (1959 onwards) and [Law Dome Ice Core](https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/9959) (before 1959).
[/caption]
[var name:"partOneCompleted" value:false/]
[var name:"graph2Year" value:`birthYear` /]
[var name:"buttonEnabled" value:true /]
[div className:"buttonwrapper"]
[Button onClick:`
if (buttonEnabled) {
buttonEnabled = false;
if ((graphYear - 2 * stepSize) > birthYear) {
graphYear = graphYear - stepSize;
} else {
graphYear = birthYear;
graph2Year = birthYear;
partOneCompleted = true;
}
setTimeout(() => {
buttonEnabled = true;
}, 1000);
}
`
className:`graphYear == birthYear ? 'gray' : ''`
]
Travel Back in Time
[/Button]
[Button onClick:`graphYear = 2019`]
Restart
[/Button]
[/div]
[Conditional if:`!partOneCompleted`]
[Conditional if:`graphYear == 2019`]
[div className:"center"]
[instructions]Click the button above to travel back through the years of your life.[/instructions]
[/div]
[/Conditional]
[Conditional if:`graphYear < 2019`]
[div className:"center"]
[instructions]Keep going! Click the button above to travel back through the years of your life.[/instructions]
[/div]
[/Conditional]
[/Conditional]
[Conditional if:`partOneCompleted || !readerMode`]
[TextContainer]
[br/]
We've arrived at [Display value:birthYear format:"d" /], the year that you were born.
Since CO₂ levels have been rising throughout your life, you can express your age in terms of the carbon dioxide level at your birth.
[Aside]
[span className:"pull-number"] [span className:"graytext"]You were born at[/span] [Display value:`getCO2Level(birthYear)` format:"d" /] [span className:"graytext"]ppm.[/span][/span]
[span className:"pull-number-text"]
In [Display value:birthYear format:"d" /], carbon dioxide levels averaged [Display value:`getCO2Level(birthYear)` format:"d" /] parts per million. In [Display value:'2019' /], they averaged [Display value:'412' /] parts per million.
[/span]
[/Aside]
[var name:"pauseAnimation2" value:true /]
[p5Component
className: "center"
birthYear: birthYear
resize: partOneCompleted
pauseAnimation: pauseAnimation2
onEnterView: `pauseAnimation2 = false`
onExitViewFully: `pauseAnimation2 = true`
sketch:`(p, parent) => {
let cake;
let numerals = [];
let flame = [];
let candles;
let year = birthYear;
p.preload = function() {
cake = p.loadImage('static/assets/cake/cake.png');
for (let i=0; i<=9; i++) {
numerals.push(p.loadImage('static/assets/cake/numeral'+i+'.png'));
}
for (let i=1; i<=4; i++) {
flame.push(p.loadImage('static/assets/cake/flame'+i+'.png'));
}
};
p.setup = function() {
p.createCanvas(400, 400);
p.imageMode(p.CENTER);
p.frameRate(10);
p.noLoop();
candles = p.round(getCO2Level(year)).toString().split('').map(Number).map(n => numerals[n]);
};
p.draw = function() {
p.background(255);
p.image(cake, 200, 200);
p.image(candles[0], 135, 170);
p.image(candles[1], 200, 185);
p.image(candles[2], 265, 170);
p.image(flame[p.frameCount%4], 135, 100);
p.image(flame[(p.frameCount+1)%4], 200, 100+15);
p.image(flame[(p.frameCount+2)%4], 265, 100);
};
p.onUpdate = function(props, oldProps) {
year = props.birthYear;
candles = p.round(getCO2Level(year)).toString().split('').map(Number).map(n => numerals[n]);
if (props.pauseAnimation !== oldProps.pauseAnimation) {
if (props.pauseAnimation) {
p.noLoop();
} else {
p.loop();
}
}
};
p.windowResized = function() {
}
}
`
/]
[br/]
## Part 2: Industry
Throughout your life, carbon dioxide levels have been rapidly rising.
But you've only been around for [Display value:`currentYear - birthYear - 1` format:"d" /] or [Display value:`currentYear - birthYear` format:"d" /] years.
In comparison, humans have been burning fossil fuels for hundreds of years.
So how does the rise in CO₂ *during your life* compare to the rise in CO₂ *before you were born*?
To find out, we need to go back to the moment that human societies began consuming fossil fuels on an industrial scale.
[/TextContainer]
[PlotlyComponent
isVisible:partOneCompleted
data: graphData
layout: `(width) => ({
title: 'The Birth of Industry',
width: width,
height: Math.max(width/1.618 - 96, 300),
showlegend: false,
paper_bgcolor: '#222222',
plot_bgcolor: '#222222',
font: {
family: 'Graphik Web',
size: 16 * width/720,
color: '#ffffff',
},
xaxis: {
range: [graph2Year == birthYear ? graph2Year - stepSize : graph2Year - 50/2, 2019.5],
tickformat: 'd',
fixedrange: true,
color: '#ffffff',
titlefont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
tickfont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
showline: true,
linecolor: '#ffffff',
linewidth: 2,
},
yaxis: {
range: [
co2.filter(e => e.year >= graph2Year).map(e => e.ppm).reduce((a,b) => a < b ? a : b) / 1.25, // min of yvalues in xrange
425
],
title: {
text: 'Carbon Dioxide Level (ppm)',
},
tickformat: 'd',
fixedrange: true,
color: '#D8FFA2',
titlefont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
tickfont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
tickprefix: ' ',
ticksuffix: ' ',
showline: false,
side: 'right'
},
margin: {
l: 25 * width / 720,
r: 80 * width / 720,
b: 25 * width / 720,
t: 50 * width / 720,
pad: 2 * width / 720
},
transition: {
duration: 1000,
easing: 'cubic-in-out'
},
annotations: [
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 2019, width/720, 'up', '2019', -40 * 0.75 * width/720, 0, 'right', 'center', true),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 2017, width/720, 'up', 'US Leaves<br>Paris Agreement'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 2015, width/720, 'down', 'Paris Climate<br>Agreement Signed'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 2012, width/720, 'up', 'Curiosity Rover<br>Lands on Mars'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 2007, width/720, 'down', 'iPhone<br>Launched 📱'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 2005, width/720, 'up', 'YouTube<br>Created'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 2001, width/720, 'down', 'First Harry Potter<br>Movie Released 🧙'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1997, width/720, 'up', 'Titanic Movie<br>Released 🚢'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1991, width/720, 'down', 'Soviet Union<br>Dissolved ☭'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1989, width/720, 'up', 'Berlin Wall<br>Comes Down 🧱'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1977, width/720, 'down', 'Star Wars<br>Released'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1969, width/720, 'up', 'Humans Land<br>on Moon 🚀'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1945, width/720, 'up', 'World War II<br>Ends'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1939, width/720, 'down', 'World War II<br>Begins'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1919, width/720, 'up', 'World War I<br>Ends'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1914, width/720, 'down', 'World War I<br>Begins'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1886, width/720, 'down', 'Statue of Liberty<br>Inaugurated 🗽'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1851, width/720, 'up', 'Industrial<br>Revolution<br>Ends'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1765, width/720, 'down', 'Steam Engine<br>Invented 🚂'),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1760, width/720, 'up', 'Industrial<br>Revolution<br>Begins 🏭', -25 * 0.75 * width/720, 40 * 0.75 * width/720, 'center', 'bottom', true),
]
.concat(width >= 700 ? [makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1957, width/720, 'down', 'Sputnik<br>Launched 🛰️')] : [])
.concat(width >= 700 ? [makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1903, width/720, 'up', 'Wright<br>Brothers<br>Flight 🛩')] : [])
.concat(width >= 700 ? [makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1807, width/720, 'down', 'Steamboat<br>Invented 🚢')] : [])
.concat(width >= 700 ? [makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, 1804, width/720, 'up', 'Jacquard<br>Loom<br>Invented 🧶')] : [])
.filter(e => e.x != birthYear)
.filter(e => !(e.direction == 'up' && Math.abs(e.x - birthYear) < 5))
.filter(e => e.x >= graph2Year)
.filter(e => e.font.size >= 7 * rescaleCached(width/720))
.concat([makeAnnotation(0.5, graph2Year, birthYear, width/720, 'up', 'You Were Born!<br>🎂🎉', -25 * 0.75 * width/720, 40 * 0.75 * width/720, 'center', 'bottom', true)])
});`
/]
[caption]
**Data Source:** Annualy averaged CO₂ levels compiled from [Keeling Curve](https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb3859642r) (1959 onwards) and [Law Dome Ice Core](https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/9959) (before 1959).
[/caption]
[var name:"partTwoCompleted" value:false/]
[div className:"buttonwrapper"]
[Button onClick:`
if (buttonEnabled) {
buttonEnabled = false;
if ((graph2Year - 100) > 1750) {
graph2Year = graph2Year - 50;
} else {
graph2Year = 1750;
partTwoCompleted = true;
}
setTimeout(() => {
buttonEnabled = true;
}, 1000);
}
`
className:`graph2Year == 1750 ? 'gray' : ''`
]
Travel Back in Time
[/Button]
[Button onClick:`graph2Year = birthYear`]
Restart
[/Button]
[/div]
[Conditional if:`!partTwoCompleted`]
[Conditional if:`graph2Year == birthYear`]
[div className:"center"]
[instructions]Click the button above to travel back through the history of industry.[/instructions]
[/div]
[/Conditional]
[Conditional if:`graph2Year < birthYear`]
[div className:"center"]
[instructions]Keep going! Click the button above to travel back through the history of industry.[/instructions]
[/div]
[/Conditional]
[/Conditional]
[Conditional if:`partTwoCompleted || !readerMode`]
[TextContainer]
[br/]
This graph shows us the history of industrialization as seen through the lens of CO₂.
With every passing decade, the graph grows steeper.
[b]Our carbon dioxide output is *accelerating*.[/b]
[br/][br/]
During the Industrial Revolution, industrialized nations began burning coal at a rate never seen before.
But the steep rise in CO₂ levels during your life, [largely driven by](https://folk.universitetetioslo.no/roberan/img/GCB2019/PNG/s85_2019_Total_Emissions_by_source.png) our growing consumption of [coal, oil, and natural gas](https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuels#global-fossil-fuel-consumption), makes the rise during the Industrial Revolution look like a gentle slope.
Everyone alive today is living through a great acceleration—an unprecedented growth of carbon consumption, and consequently, of carbon emissions.
## Part 3: Civilization
When you're living through a dramatic change, it's hard to get a sense of perspective.
To truly grasp the magnitude of this acceleration, we need to zoom out even further.
Let's see what our current trajectory looks like from the perspective of *all of human civilization*.
[/TextContainer]
[var name:"graph3Year" value:1720 /]
[derived name:"graph3Data" value:`[{
x: co2.map(e => e.yearsBefore2019),
y: co2.map(e => e.ppm),
mode: 'lines',
type: 'scatter',
hovertemplate: '%{x} Years Before 2019<br>%{y:.4r} parts per million of CO₂<extra></extra>',
hoverlabel: { bgcolor: "#FFF"},
line: {
color:'#D8FFA2',
width: 4
}
}]` /]
[PlotlyComponent
isVisible:partTwoCompleted
data: graph3Data
layout: `(width) => ({
title: 'The Rise of Civilization',
width: width,
height: Math.max(width / 1.618 - 96, 300),
showlegend: false,
paper_bgcolor: '#222222',
plot_bgcolor: '#222222',
hovermode: 'closest',
font: {
family: 'Graphik Web',
size: 16 * width / 720,
color: '#ffffff',
},
xaxis: {
range: [graph3Year == 1720 ? 2019 - graph3Year + 50/2 : 2019 - graph3Year + 1000/2, -10],
title: 'Years before 2019',
tickformat: ',',
fixedrange: true,
zeroline: false,
color: '#ffffff',
titlefont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
tickfont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
showline: true,
linecolor: '#ffffff',
linewidth: 2,
},
yaxis: {
range: [
co2.filter(e => e.year >= graph3Year).map(e => e.ppm).reduce((a,b) => a < b ? a : b) / 1.15, // min of yvalues in xrange
425
],
title: {
text: 'Carbon Dioxide Level (ppm)',
},
tickformat: 'd',
fixedrange: true,
zeroline: false,
color: '#D8FFA2',
titlefont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
tickfont: {
size: 10 * width / 720
},
tickprefix: ' ',
ticksuffix: ' ',
showline: false,
side: 'right'
},
margin: {
l: 25 * width / 720,
r: 80 * width / 720,
b: 50 * width / 720,
t: 50 * width / 720,
pad: 2 * width / 720
},
transition: {
duration: 1000,
easing: 'cubic-in-out'
},
shapes: [
{
type: 'rect',
xref: 'x',
yref: 'paper',
x0: 12000,
y0: 0,
x1: 10000,
y1: 1,
fillcolor: '#7e7e7e',
opacity: 0.5,
layer: 'below',
line: {
width: 0
}
}
],
annotations: [
{
x: 2019 - 11000,
y: 375,
xref: 'x',
yref: 'y',
xanchor: 'center',
yanchor: 'center',
text: 'Transition to<br>Agriculture',
font: {
size: 10 * rescaleCached(width/720),
},
showarrow: false,
},
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph3Year, 2019, width/720, 'up', '2019', -40 * 0.75 * width/720, 0, 'right', 'center', true),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph3Year, birthYear, width/720, 'up', 'You Were Born! 🎂🎉', -40 * 0.75 * width/720, 0, 'right', 'center', true),
//makeAnnotation(0.5, graph3Year, 1830, width/720, 'up', 'Industrial<br>Revolution<br>Ends 🏭', -40 * 0.75 * width/720, 25 * 0.75 * width/720, 'right', 'center', true),
makeAnnotation(0.5, graph3Year, 1760, width/720, 'down', 'Industrial<br>Revolution<br>Begins 🏭', 40 * 0.66 * width/720, 50 * 0.66 * width/720, 'center', 'top', true),
makeAnnotation(0.9, graph3Year, 476, width/720, 'up', 'Fall of<br>Roman Empire'),
makeAnnotation(0.9, graph3Year, -508, width/720, 'down', 'Birth of<br>Democracy<br>in Athens'),
makeAnnotation(0.9, graph3Year, -653, width/720, 'up', 'Rise of<br>Persian<br>Empire'),
makeAnnotation(0.9, graph3Year, -1100, width/720, 'down', 'Use of<br>Iron<br>Spreads'),
makeAnnotation(0.9, graph3Year, -2200, width/720, 'up', 'Stonehenge<br>Completed'),
makeAnnotation(0.9, graph3Year, -2500, width/720, 'down', 'Mammoth<br>Extinct'),
makeAnnotation(0.9, graph3Year, -4000, width/720, 'up', '🌶️ Chilli<br>Peppers<br>Cultivated<br>in Mexico'),
makeAnnotation(0.9, graph3Year, -6000, width/720, 'down', '🍚 Rice<br>Cultivated<br>in China'),
makeAnnotation(0.9, graph3Year, -8500, width/720, 'up', '🐮 Cattle<br>Domesticated'),
makeAnnotation(0.9, graph3Year, -9600, width/720, 'up', '🌾 Wheat<br>Cultivated', -25 * 0.35 * width/720, 40 * 0.35 * width/720, 'center', 'bottom', true)
]
.concat( width >= 700 ? [makeAnnotation(0.9, graph3Year, -3300, width/720, 'up', '🍺 Beer brewed<br>from Barley<br>in Iran')] : [])
.concat( width >= 700 ? [makeAnnotation(0.9, graph3Year, -3200, width/720, 'down', '✍️ Invention of<br>Writing in<br>Egypt & Sumeria')] : [])
.concat( width >= 700 ? [makeAnnotation(0.9, graph3Year, -6000, width/720, 'up', 'Squash<br>Cultivated<br>in Mexico')] : [])
.concat( width >= 700 ? [makeAnnotation(0.9, graph3Year, -7000, width/720, 'up', '🌽 Corn<br>Cultivated<br>in Mexico')] : [])
.concat( width >= 700 ? [makeAnnotation(0.9, graph3Year, -8000, width/720, 'down', 'Mammoth Extinct<br>in Eurasia<br>and Americas')] : [])
.filter(e => e.x >= graph3Year)
.filter(e => e.font.size >= 5 * rescaleCached(width/720))
.map(e => (
{
x: 2019 - e.x,
y: e.y,
direction: e.direction,
xref: e.xref,
yref: e.yref,
xanchor: e.xanchor,
yanchor: e.yanchor,
text: e.text,
arrowcolor: e.arrowcolor,
font: e.font,
showarrow: e.showarrow,
arrowhead: e.arrowhead,
arrowwidth: e.arrowwidth,
ax: e.ax,
ay: e.ay,
}))
});`
/]
[caption]
**Data Source:** CO₂ levels compiled from [Keeling Curve](https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb3859642r) (1959 onwards), [Law Dome Ice Core](https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/9959) (1 CE–1959 CE), and [EPICA Dome C Ice Core](https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/6091) (12,000 BCE–1 BCE).
[/caption]
[var name:"partThreeCompleted" value:false/]
[div className:"buttonwrapper"]
[Button onClick:`
if (buttonEnabled) {
buttonEnabled = false;
if (graph3Year - 4000 > -10000) {
graph3Year = graph3Year - 2000;
} else {
graph3Year = -10000;
partThreeCompleted = true;
}
setTimeout(() => {
buttonEnabled = true;