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Setup-Kerberos-ActiveDirectory.MD

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HDP with Kerberos integration to Active Directory

Why Kerberos

By default Hadoop runs in non-secure mode in which no actual authentication is required. -- Hadoop Documentation: Hadoop in Secure Mode

TODO: Show how their is no authentication by default (e.g. HADOOP_USER_NAME). https://github.com/seanorama/masterclass/blob/master/security-authentication.md

Goal

In this guide we will:

  • Enable Keberos for Authentication, aka "Hadoop Secure Mode", with
    • Active Directory providing Kerberos & LDAP
    • Ambari's "Kerberos Wizard for Active Directory" doing most of the work, such as:
      • create Kerberos principals in Active Directory,
      • configure Kerberos on the HDP host(s) (including distribution of keytabs) and
      • configure Hadoop services for Kerberos.
    • Configure Ranger user sync to work with Active Directory
    • Configure Knox to work with Active Directory

Warning: All HDP services will be STOPPED while using the Kerberos Wizard.

More details available in official security guide

Prerequisites:

This guide uses:

  • 1 RedHat/CentOS host (testing with CentOS 6) with:
    • Ambari 2.1
    • HDP 2.3
  • 1 Windows Server 2012 host with:
    • Active Directory services, and
    • Active Directory LDAPS enabled (by adding a certificate to the Active Directory)

Ambari 2.1 & HDP 2.3 Deployed

... put links to notes for deploying these, and test with Sandbox ...

Active Directory configuration

On the Windows Host:

  1. Add Active Directory services to the Windows Server 2012 host
  • Here is a sample powershell script to automate this. Replace values for convertto-securestring (password) and -DomainName (domain) and -DomainNetbiosName based on your requirements
  1. Install Active Directory Certificate Services
  • Ensure to configure as "Enterprise CA" not "Standalone CA".
  • Note: This is only required if generating your own certificates for Active Directory
  1. Create a container, kerberos admin, and permissions for the cluster

  • Manually: Server Manager -> Active Directory Users & Computers

    • View -> Check "Advanced Features"
    • Create a container named "hdp"
      • Action -> New -> Organization Unit: "hdp"
    • Create a container named "sandbox"
      • Action -> New -> Organization Unit: "sandbox"
    • Create a user named "sandboxadmin"
      • Action -> New user -> "sandboxadmin"
    • Delegate control of the container to "sandboxadmin"
      • Chose the "lab01" container
      • Action -> Delegation Control
        • User: sandboxadmin
        • Control: "Create, delete, and manage user accounts"
    • Choose "lab01admin"; Actions -> Properties
      • Security -> Advanced -> Permissions -> Add
    • Screenshot showing the AD containers and user
      • Screenshot showing the AD containers and user

  • You can also create users via script:

    • Download and modify template csv with users
    • Download script from here. Update the location to where you downloaded the csv file
    • Run the script to create the users. Then under Server Manager -> Active Directory Users & Computers, highlight all users and right click > Properties. Open the Account tab and uncheck all the boxes and click Apply

  • For a full step by step walk through on AD install and setup check the tutorial series here (currently internal)

  1. (Not always required) Add the domain of your linux host(s) to be recognized by Active Directory
  • Note: This may not be required. It is only required if the domain of your Linux servers is different than that of the Active Directory.
    • For example: ActiveDirectory Domain is "hortonworks.com", while my Linux hosts are "lab01.hdp.internal".
  • On the Windows Host: Server Manager -> Tools -> Active Directory Domains & Trusts
  • Actions -> Properties -> UPN Suffixes
    • Add the alternative SPN. Determined by executing hostname -d on your linux server.

Trust the Active Directories certificate

Note: This is required for self-signed certificates, as in our implementation of Active Directory above. This may be skipped if a purchased SSL certificate is in use.

  • On the Windows host:

    • Server Manager -> Tools -> Certificate Authority
    • Action -> Properties
    • General Tab -> View Certificate -> Details -> Copy to File
    • Choose the format: "Base-64 encoded X.509 (.CER)"
    • Save as 'activedirectory.cer' (or whatever you like)
    • Open with Notepad -> Copy Contents

  • On Linux host:

    • Create '/etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/activedirectory.pem' and paste the certificate contents
    • Trust CA cert: sudo update-ca-trust enable; sudo update-ca-trust extract; sudo update-ca-trust check
    • Trust CA cert in Java:

mycert=/etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/activedirectory.pem sudo keytool -importcert -noprompt -storepass changeit -file ${mycert} -alias ad -keystore /etc/pki/java/cacerts ```

- (optional) Configure OpenLDAP to trust ActiveDirectory

  ```

sudo tee /etc/openldap/ldap.conf > /dev/null <<-'EOF' SASL_NOCANON on URI ldaps://activedirectory.hortonworks.com BASE dc=hortonworks,dc=com TLS_CACERTDIR /etc/pki/tls/cacerts TLS_CACERT /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt EOF ```

  - Verify LDAP: `ldapsearch -W -H ldaps://activedirectory.hortonworks.com -D sandboxadmin@hortonworks.com -b "ou=sandbox,ou=hdp,dc=hortonworks,dc=com"`

Enable Kerberos

Now to our goal for this workshop: Enabling Kerberos for HDP using Active Directory & the Ambari Kerberos Wizard

Run the Kerberos Wizard

  • Open Ambari in your browser
  • Ensure all Services are working before proceeding
  • Click: Admin -> Kerberos
  • On the "Getting Started" page, choose "Existing Active Directory" and make sure you've met all the requirements.
  • On the "Configure Kerberos" page, set:
    • KDC:
      • KDC host: activedirectory.hortonworks.com
      • Realm name: HORTONWORKS.COM
      • LDAP url: ldaps://activedirectory.hortonworks.com
      • Container DN: ou=sandbox,ou=hdp,dc=hortonworks,dc=com
    • Kadmin
      • Kadmin host: activedirectory.hortonworks.com
      • Admin principal: sandboxadmin@HORTONWORKS.COM
      • Admin password: the password you set for this user in AD
  • On the "Configure Identities" page, you should not need to change anything.
  • Click through the rest of the wizard.
  • If all was set properly you should now have a Kerberized cluster.

OS integration with AD after Ambari Kerberos of Hadoop

The user will need delegated writes to the OU, ability to create computers & service principals

Active Directory integration using SSSD

Configuration of this is identical across all nodes, with one exception in the sssd.conf:

  • Master & DataNodes only need NSS integration
    • for populating the Hadoop user-group mapping
    • for identity of users in order to create YARN containers
  • Edge nodes will need NSS, PAM, SSH in order to login

Todo: add documentation here. For now you can see this script: https://github.com/seanorama/ambari-bootstrap/blob/master/extras/sssd-kerberos-ad.sh

To run on multiple nodes, you can also setup SSSD via Ambari service:

Ranger/AD integration

  • User sync: In Ambari, set the following values for usersync with AD in “Advanced ranger-ugsync-site” accordion of Ranger configs:
Property Sample value
ranger.usersync.ldap.url ldap://ad-hdp.cloud.hortonworks.com:389
ranger.usersync.ldap.binddn CN=LDAP Access,OU=Service Accounts,DC=AD-HDP,DC=COM
ranger.usersync.ldap.ldapbindpassword
ranger.usersync.ldap.searchBase DC=AD-HDP,DC=COM
ranger.usersync.source.impl.class ldap
ranger.usersync.ldap.user.searchbase OU=MyUsers,DC=AD-HDP,DC=COM
ranger.usersync.ldap.user.searchfilter set to single empty space if no value. Do not leave it as "empty"
ranger.ldap.group.searchfilter (member=CN={0},OU=MyUsers,DC=AD-HDP,DC=COM)
ranger.usersync.ldap.groupname.caseconversion none
ranger.usersync.ldap.username.caseconversion none
ranger.usersync.ldap.user.nameattribute sAMAccountName
  • AD authentication in Ranger As a next step, add AD authentication for Ranger. Use the below as sample values in “AD Settings” accordion of Ranger configs:
Property Sample value
ranger.ldap.ad.domain AD-HDP.COM
ranger.ldap.ad.url ldap://ad-hdp.cloud.hortonworks.com:389

  • restart Ranger service

  • Now you should be able to login to Ranger as AD user and also see the users were pulled into Ranger

Use Hadoop in Secure Mode with Ranger

  • To setup the Ranger plugins and do audit exercises follow the usual guide (changing LDAP related config values to your AD)

Knox/AD integration

  • Configure Knox to allow groups to proxy. Make below changes under HDFS > Configs and restart HDFS hadoop.proxyuser.knox.groups = *

  • In Knox > Config under Advanced topology, make below changes and restart the service

        <topology>

            <gateway>

                <provider>
                    <role>authentication</role>
                    <name>ShiroProvider</name>
                    <enabled>true</enabled>
                    <param>
                        <name>sessionTimeout</name>
                        <value>30</value>
                    </param>
                    <param>
                        <name>main.ldapRealm</name>
                        <value>org.apache.hadoop.gateway.shirorealm.KnoxLdapRealm</value> 
                    </param>

<!-- changes for AD/user sync -->

<param>
    <name>main.ldapContextFactory</name>
    <value>org.apache.hadoop.gateway.shirorealm.KnoxLdapContextFactory</value>
</param>

<!-- main.ldapRealm.contextFactory needs to be placed before other main.ldapRealm.contextFactory* entries  -->
<param>
    <name>main.ldapRealm.contextFactory</name>
    <value>$ldapContextFactory</value>
</param>

                    <param>
                        <name>main.ldapRealm.contextFactory.url</name>
                        <value>ldap://ad-hdp.cloud.hortonworks.com:389</value> 

                    </param>

<param>
    <name>main.ldapRealm.contextFactory.systemUsername</name>
    <value>CN=LDAP Access,OU=Service Accounts,DC=AD-HDP,DC=COM</value>
</param>

<param>
    <name>main.ldapRealm.contextFactory.systemPassword</name>
    <value>Welcome1</value>
</param>

                    <param>
                        <name>main.ldapRealm.contextFactory.authenticationMechanism</name>
                        <value>simple</value>
                    </param>
                    <param>
                        <name>urls./**</name>
                        <value>authcBasic</value> 
                    </param>

<param>
    <name>main.ldapRealm.searchBase</name>
    <value>OU=MyUsers,DC=AD-HDP,DC=COM</value>
</param>
<param>
    <name>main.ldapRealm.userObjectClass</name>
    <value>person</value>
</param>
<param>
    <name>main.ldapRealm.userSearchAttributeName</name>
    <value>sAMAccountName</value>
</param>

<!-- changes needed for group sync-->
<param>
    <name>main.ldapRealm.authorizationEnabled</name>
    <value>true</value>
</param>
<param>
    <name>main.ldapRealm.groupSearchBase</name>
    <value>OU=MyUsers,DC=AD-HDP,DC=COM</value>
</param>
<param>
    <name>main.ldapRealm.groupObjectClass</name>
    <value>group</value>
</param>
<param>
    <name>main.ldapRealm.groupIdAttribute</name>
    <value>cn</value>
</param>


                </provider>

                <provider>
                    <role>identity-assertion</role>
                    <name>Default</name>
                    <enabled>true</enabled>
                </provider>

                <provider>
                    <role>authorization</role>
                    <name>XASecurePDPKnox</name>
                    <enabled>true</enabled>
                </provider>

            </gateway>

            <service>
                <role>NAMENODE</role>
                <url>hdfs://{{namenode_host}}:{{namenode_rpc_port}}</url>
            </service>

            <service>
                <role>JOBTRACKER</role>
                <url>rpc://{{rm_host}}:{{jt_rpc_port}}</url>
            </service>

            <service>
                <role>WEBHDFS</role>
                <url>http://{{namenode_host}}:{{namenode_http_port}}/webhdfs</url>
            </service>

            <service>
                <role>WEBHCAT</role>
                <url>http://{{webhcat_server_host}}:{{templeton_port}}/templeton</url>
            </service>

            <service>
                <role>OOZIE</role>
                <url>http://{{oozie_server_host}}:{{oozie_server_port}}/oozie</url>
            </service>

            <service>
                <role>WEBHBASE</role>
                <url>http://{{hbase_master_host}}:{{hbase_master_port}}</url>
            </service>

            <service>
                <role>HIVE</role>
                <url>http://{{hive_server_host}}:{{hive_http_port}}/{{hive_http_path}}</url>
            </service>

            <service>
                <role>RESOURCEMANAGER</role>
                <url>http://{{rm_host}}:{{rm_port}}/ws</url>
            </service>
        </topology>

Use Hadoop in Secure Mode with Knox

  • Run through the audit exercises for WebHDFS/Hive over Knox (plus Ranger plugin setup), you can follow the usual guide