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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not
provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public
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Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions
that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of
authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights
specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for
informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our
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Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those
authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise
restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable.
Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license
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Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor
grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms
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Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons,
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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be
bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License
("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a
contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your
acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such
rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the
Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

    Section 1 – Definitions.
        a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar
        Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in
        which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged,
        transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission
        under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For
        purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a
        musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is
        always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation
        with a moving image.
        b. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights
        closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance,
        broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without
        regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of
        this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not
        Copyright and Similar Rights.
        c. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the
        absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws
        fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty
        adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.
        d. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any
        other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that
        applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.
        e. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or
        other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.
        f. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms
        and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all
        Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed
        Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.
        g. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under
        this Public License.
        h. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards
        commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this
        Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material
        subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or
        similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary
        compensation in connection with the exchange.
        i. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process
        that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as
        reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution,
        dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material
        available to the public including in ways that members of the public may
        access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by
        them.
        j. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright
        resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the
        Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as
        amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent
        rights anywhere in the world.
        k. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights
        under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

    Section 2 – Scope.
        a. License grant.
            1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License,
            the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free,
            non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise
            the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:
                A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in
                part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and
                B. produce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for
                NonCommercial purposes only.
            2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where
            Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License
            does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and
            conditions.
            3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section
            6(a).
            4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor
            authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and
            formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make
            technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives
            and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You
            from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the
            Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to
            circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this
            Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this
            Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.
            5. Downstream recipients.
                A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient
                of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from
                the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and
                conditions of this Public License.
                B. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any
                additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any
                Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if
                doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any
                recipient of the Licensed Material.
            6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may
            be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that
            Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored,
            endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others
            designated to receive attribution as provided in Section
            3(a)(1)(A)(i).
        b. Other rights.
            1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed
            under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other
            similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the
            Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by
            the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to
            exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.
            2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public
            License.
            3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect
            royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether
            directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or
            waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other
            cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such
            royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than
            for NonCommercial purposes.

    Section 3 – License Conditions.

    Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the
    following conditions.
        a. Attribution.
            1. If You Share the Licensed Material, You must:
                A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with
                the Licensed Material:
                    i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material
                    and any others designated to receive attribution, in any
                    reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by
                    pseudonym if designated);
                    ii. a copyright notice;
                    iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
                    iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;
                    v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent
                    reasonably practicable;
                B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an
                indication of any previous modifications; and
                C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public
                License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to,
                this Public License.

            For the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this
            Public License to Share Adapted Material.
            2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any
            reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which
            You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable
            to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a
            resource that includes the required information.
            3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the
            information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably
            practicable.

    Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.

    Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to
    Your use of the Licensed Material:
        a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to
        extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the
        contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided
        You do not Share Adapted Material;
        b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents
        in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the
        database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its
        individual contents) is Adapted Material; and
        c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all
        or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

    For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace
    Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include
    other Copyright and Similar Rights.

    Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.
        a. Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent
        possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and
        as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind
        concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory,
        or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title,
        merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement,
        absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence
        of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of
        warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not
        apply to You.
        b. To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to
        You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or
        otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential,
        punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages
        arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even
        if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses,
        costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not
        allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.
        c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided
        above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible,
        most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all
        liability.

    Section 6 – Term and Termination.
        a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar
        Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public
        License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate
        automatically.
        b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under
        Section 6(a), it reinstates:
            1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it
            is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or
            2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

        For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right
        the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this
        Public License.
        c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed
        Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the
        Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this
        Public License.
        d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public
        License.

    Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.
        a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms
        or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.
        b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the
        Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of
        the terms and conditions of this Public License.

    Section 8 – Interpretation.
        a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall
        not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on
        any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without
        permission under this Public License.
        b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is
        deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum
        extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be
        reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting
        the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.
        c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no
        failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.
        d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a
        limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply
        to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any
        jurisdiction or authority.

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Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it
publishes and in those instances will be considered the "Licensor." The text of
the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the
CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that
material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise
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creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the
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without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection
with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other
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For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public
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