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Introduction

The Document Service Ontology (DSO) is a micro-ontology that defines a set of typical document-related services such as provided by libraries, museums and archives.

Status of this document

This HTML document and RDF serializations of the Document Service Ontology (dso.ttl in RDF/Turtle and ssss.owl in RDF/XML) are generated automatically from a source file written in Pandoc Markdown syntax.^[Documents are generated using makespec.] Sources and updates are available at http://github.com/gbv/dso.

This is version {VERSION}, last modified at {GIT_REVISION_DATE} with revision {GIT_REVISION_HASH}.

The current version of this ontology is a preliminary draft for open discussion. Feedback is welcome!

Revision history

{GIT_CHANGES}

Namespaces and ontology

The URI namespace of this ontology is http://purl.org/ontology/dso#. The namespace prefix dso is recommended. The URI of this ontology as a whole is http://purl.org/ontology/dso.

@prefix dso: <http://purl.org/ontology/dso#> .
@base        <http://purl.org/ontology/dso> .

The following namespace prefixes are used to refer to related ontologies:

@prefix bibo:  <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .
@prefix foaf:  <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix owl:   <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs:  <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix ssso:  <http://purl.org/ontology/ssso#> .
@prefix vann:  <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/> .

The Document Service Ontology (DSO) is defined in RDF/Turtle as following:

<> a owl:Ontology ;
    rdfs:label "Document Service Ontology" ;
    rdfs:label "DSO" ;
    vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "dso" .

Overview

The following diagram illustrates the classes and properties defined in this ontology.

    +---------------------+
    |  dso:ServiceEvent   |
    | +-----------------+ |  hasDocument    +-----------------------+
    | | DocumentService |------------------>| ...any document class |
    | |                 |<------------------|                       |
    | |  Loan           | |  hasService     +-----------------------+
    | |  Presentation   | |
    | |  Interloan      | |
    | |  OpenAccess     | |
    | |  Digitization   | |
    | |  Identification | |
    | |  ...            | |
    | +-----------------+ |
    +---------------------+

This ontology does not make any assumptions about types of documents. A document may be an abstract entity (e.g. a work or an edition of a book), a physical or digital copy, or a unique object (e.g. a statue in a museum). Some service types, however do only make sense with specific types of documents.

Classes

DocumentService

A document service is a kind of service event (ssso:ServiceEvent) that is somehow related to one or more documents.

dso:DocumentService a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "DocumentService" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf ssso:ServiceEvent ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

Loan

A loan is a DocumentService event that involves the temporary transfer of usage rights of a document from a service provider (e.g. a library) to a service consumer (e.g. a library patron).

dso:Loan a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Loan" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf dso:DocumentService ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

Presentation

A presentation involves the display or similar usage of a document in a restricted environment, e.g. within the rooms or in the intranet of a library or museum.

dso:Presentation a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Presentation" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf dso:DocumentService ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

Interloan

For interloan a document is made accessible mediated by another institution.

dso:Interloan a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Interloan" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf dso:DocumentService ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

OpenAccess

An Open Access service implies to free accessibility of a document without any restrictions by the service provider (Open Access or free copies).

dso:OpenAccess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "OpenAccess" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf dso:DocumentService ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

Digitization

A digitization DocumentService creates a digital document from a physical document, for instance a digital photograph or a 3D-scan of a physical object.

This class is just a suggestion!

Identification

A service to identify a document that is only known with limited properties (e.g. only parts of the title). In RDF such document is typically expressed by a blank node.

This class is experimental!

Properties

hasDocument

Relates a DocumentService to a document. The relation is rather lax as it only tells that a specific document is somehow involved in a specific document service event. To express more reliable relations, one should define and use more specific sub-properties, such as daia:availableFor and daia:unavailableFor.

dso:hasDocument a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "hasDocument" ;
    rdfs:domain dso:DocumentService ;
    owl:inverseOf dso:hasService ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

hasService

Relates a document to a DocumentService.

dso:hasService a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "hasService" ;
    rdfs:range dso:DocumentService ;
    owl:inverseOf dso:hasDocument ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

Related ontologies

The Document Service Ontology is part of a set of micro-ontologies originally created to describe several aspects of libraries and similar institutions. Some services defined in DSO have earlier been defined as part of the DAIA ontology, which now makes use of DSO. The core concept of a service is based on the definition of a service event in the Simple Service Status Ontology (SSSO).

References

Normative References

Informative References