Pod without command or arguments is running forever

[RamyChaabane]

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To help us understand the problem more quickly, please do the following:

1. Run the kata-collect-data.sh script, which is installed as part of Kata Containers
   or kata-containers.collect-data, which is installed as part of the Kata Containers
   snapcraft package.

see comment below ⬇️

Description of problem

I created a pod with kata-qemu runtimeclass. This pod is only running an alpine without any command/arguments

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: my-pod
  namespace: test-kata
spec:
  containers:
  - image: alpine:latest
    name: my-pod
  runtimeClassName: kata-qemu

The pod is stuck in running state forever

kubectl get pods -n test-kata
NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-pod   1/1     Running   0          5m29s

I checked the processes inside the container, but I'm not seeing anything strange

/ # ps -a
PID   USER     TIME  COMMAND
    1 root      0:00 /bin/sh
    5 root      0:00 sh
    6 root      0:00 ps -a

Expected result

I expected the pod will fail immediately

Actual result

the pod is running forever

[RamyChaabane]

Output of kata-collect-data.sh script

Show kata-collect-data.sh details

Meta details

Running kata-collect-data.sh version 3.5.0 (commit 6a4ff08156f716db53def098e0506e43be9698c9) at 2024-05-16.14:06:28.772750561+0000.

---

Runtime

Runtime is /opt/kata/bin/kata-runtime.

kata-env

/opt/kata/bin/kata-runtime kata-env

open /dev/vhost-vsock: operation not permitted

---

Runtime config files

Runtime config files

Runtime default config files

/etc/kata-containers/configuration.toml
/opt/kata/share/defaults/kata-containers/configuration.toml

Runtime config file contents

Config file /etc/kata-containers/configuration.toml not found

cat "/opt/kata/share/defaults/kata-containers/configuration.toml"

# Copyright (c) 2017-2019 Intel Corporation
# Copyright (c) 2021 Adobe Inc.
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
#

# XXX: WARNING: this file is auto-generated.
# XXX:
# XXX: Source file: "config/configuration-qemu.toml.in"
# XXX: Project:
# XXX:   Name: Kata Containers
# XXX:   Type: kata

[hypervisor.qemu]
path = "/opt/kata/bin/qemu-system-x86_64"
kernel = "/opt/kata/share/kata-containers/vmlinux.container"
image = "/opt/kata/share/kata-containers/kata-containers.img"
# initrd = "/opt/kata/share/kata-containers/kata-containers-initrd.img"
machine_type = "q35"

# rootfs filesystem type:
#   - ext4 (default)
#   - xfs
#   - erofs
rootfs_type="ext4"

# Enable confidential guest support.
# Toggling that setting may trigger different hardware features, ranging
# from memory encryption to both memory and CPU-state encryption and integrity.
# The Kata Containers runtime dynamically detects the available feature set and
# aims at enabling the largest possible one, returning an error if none is
# available, or none is supported by the hypervisor.
#
# Known limitations:
# * Does not work by design:
#   - CPU Hotplug
#   - Memory Hotplug
#   - NVDIMM devices
#
# Default false
# confidential_guest = true

# Choose AMD SEV-SNP confidential guests
# In case of using confidential guests on AMD hardware that supports both SEV
# and SEV-SNP, the following enables SEV-SNP guests. SEV guests are default.
# Default false
# sev_snp_guest = true

# Enable running QEMU VMM as a non-root user.
# By default QEMU VMM run as root. When this is set to true, QEMU VMM process runs as
# a non-root random user. See documentation for the limitations of this mode.
# rootless = true

# List of valid annotation names for the hypervisor
# Each member of the list is a regular expression, which is the base name
# of the annotation, e.g. "path" for io.katacontainers.config.hypervisor.path"
enable_annotations = ["enable_iommu", "virtio_fs_extra_args", "kernel_params"]

# List of valid annotations values for the hypervisor
# Each member of the list is a path pattern as described by glob(3).
# The default if not set is empty (all annotations rejected.)
# Your distribution recommends: ["/opt/kata/bin/qemu-system-x86_64"]
valid_hypervisor_paths = ["/opt/kata/bin/qemu-system-x86_64"]

# Optional space-separated list of options to pass to the guest kernel.
# For example, use `kernel_params = "vsyscall=emulate"` if you are having
# trouble running pre-2.15 glibc.
#
# WARNING: - any parameter specified here will take priority over the default
# parameter value of the same name used to start the virtual machine.
# Do not set values here unless you understand the impact of doing so as you
# may stop the virtual machine from booting.
# To see the list of default parameters, enable hypervisor debug, create a
# container and look for 'default-kernel-parameters' log entries.
kernel_params = " "

# Path to the firmware.
# If you want that qemu uses the default firmware leave this option empty
firmware = ""

# Path to the firmware volume.
# firmware TDVF or OVMF can be split into FIRMWARE_VARS.fd (UEFI variables
# as configuration) and FIRMWARE_CODE.fd (UEFI program image). UEFI variables
# can be customized per each user while UEFI code is kept same.
firmware_volume = ""

# Machine accelerators
# comma-separated list of machine accelerators to pass to the hypervisor.
# For example, `machine_accelerators = "nosmm,nosmbus,nosata,nopit,static-prt,nofw"`
machine_accelerators=""

# Qemu seccomp sandbox feature
# comma-separated list of seccomp sandbox features to control the syscall access.
# For example, `seccompsandbox= "on,obsolete=deny,spawn=deny,resourcecontrol=deny"`
# Note: "elevateprivileges=deny" doesn't work with daemonize option, so it's removed from the seccomp sandbox
# Another note: enabling this feature may reduce performance, you may enable
# /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_enable to reduce the impact. see https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/bpfc.8.html
#seccompsandbox="on,obsolete=deny,spawn=deny,resourcecontrol=deny"

# CPU features
# comma-separated list of cpu features to pass to the cpu
# For example, `cpu_features = "pmu=off,vmx=off"
cpu_features="pmu=off"

# Default number of vCPUs per SB/VM:
# unspecified or 0                --> will be set to 1
# < 0                             --> will be set to the actual number of physical cores
# > 0 <= number of physical cores --> will be set to the specified number
# > number of physical cores      --> will be set to the actual number of physical cores
default_vcpus = 1

# Default maximum number of vCPUs per SB/VM:
# unspecified or == 0             --> will be set to the actual number of physical cores or to the maximum number
#                                     of vCPUs supported by KVM if that number is exceeded
# > 0 <= number of physical cores --> will be set to the specified number
# > number of physical cores      --> will be set to the actual number of physical cores or to the maximum number
#                                     of vCPUs supported by KVM if that number is exceeded
# WARNING: Depending of the architecture, the maximum number of vCPUs supported by KVM is used when
# the actual number of physical cores is greater than it.
# WARNING: Be aware that this value impacts the virtual machine's memory footprint and CPU
# the hotplug functionality. For example, `default_maxvcpus = 240` specifies that until 240 vCPUs
# can be added to a SB/VM, but the memory footprint will be big. Another example, with
# `default_maxvcpus = 8` the memory footprint will be small, but 8 will be the maximum number of
# vCPUs supported by the SB/VM. In general, we recommend that you do not edit this variable,
# unless you know what are you doing.
# NOTICE: on arm platform with gicv2 interrupt controller, set it to 8.
default_maxvcpus = 0

# Bridges can be used to hot plug devices.
# Limitations:
# * Currently only pci bridges are supported
# * Until 30 devices per bridge can be hot plugged.
# * Until 5 PCI bridges can be cold plugged per VM.
#   This limitation could be a bug in qemu or in the kernel
# Default number of bridges per SB/VM:
# unspecified or 0   --> will be set to 1
# > 1 <= 5           --> will be set to the specified number
# > 5                --> will be set to 5
default_bridges = 1

# Default memory size in MiB for SB/VM.
# If unspecified then it will be set 2048 MiB.
default_memory = 2048
#
# Default memory slots per SB/VM.
# If unspecified then it will be set 10.
# This is will determine the times that memory will be hotadded to sandbox/VM.
#memory_slots = 10

# Default maximum memory in MiB per SB / VM
# unspecified or == 0           --> will be set to the actual amount of physical RAM
# > 0 <= amount of physical RAM --> will be set to the specified number
# > amount of physical RAM      --> will be set to the actual amount of physical RAM
default_maxmemory = 0

# The size in MiB will be plused to max memory of hypervisor.
# It is the memory address space for the NVDIMM devie.
# If set block storage driver (block_device_driver) to "nvdimm",
# should set memory_offset to the size of block device.
# Default 0
#memory_offset = 0

# Specifies virtio-mem will be enabled or not.
# Please note that this option should be used with the command
# "echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory".
# Default false
#enable_virtio_mem = true

# Disable block device from being used for a container's rootfs.
# In case of a storage driver like devicemapper where a container's
# root file system is backed by a block device, the block device is passed
# directly to the hypervisor for performance reasons.
# This flag prevents the block device from being passed to the hypervisor,
# virtio-fs is used instead to pass the rootfs.
disable_block_device_use = false

# Shared file system type:
#   - virtio-fs (default)
#   - virtio-9p
#   - virtio-fs-nydus
#   - none
shared_fs = "virtio-fs"

# Path to vhost-user-fs daemon.
virtio_fs_daemon = "/opt/kata/libexec/virtiofsd"

# List of valid annotations values for the virtiofs daemon
# The default if not set is empty (all annotations rejected.)
# Your distribution recommends: ["/opt/kata/libexec/virtiofsd"]
valid_virtio_fs_daemon_paths = ["/opt/kata/libexec/virtiofsd"]

# Default size of DAX cache in MiB
virtio_fs_cache_size = 0

# Default size of virtqueues
virtio_fs_queue_size = 1024

# Extra args for virtiofsd daemon
#
# Format example:
#   ["--arg1=xxx", "--arg2=yyy"]
# Examples:
#   Set virtiofsd log level to debug : ["--log-level=debug"]
#
# see `virtiofsd -h` for possible options.
virtio_fs_extra_args = ["--thread-pool-size=1", "--announce-submounts"]

# Cache mode:
#
#  - never
#    Metadata, data, and pathname lookup are not cached in guest. They are
#    always fetched from host and any changes are immediately pushed to host.
#
#  - auto
#    Metadata and pathname lookup cache expires after a configured amount of
#    time (default is 1 second). Data is cached while the file is open (close
#    to open consistency).
#
#  - always
#    Metadata, data, and pathname lookup are cached in guest and never expire.
virtio_fs_cache = "auto"

# Block storage driver to be used for the hypervisor in case the container
# rootfs is backed by a block device. This is virtio-scsi, virtio-blk
# or nvdimm.
block_device_driver = "virtio-scsi"

# aio is the I/O mechanism used by qemu
# Options:
#
#   - threads
#     Pthread based disk I/O.
#
#   - native
#     Native Linux I/O.
#
#   - io_uring
#     Linux io_uring API. This provides the fastest I/O operations on Linux, requires kernel>5.1 and
#     qemu >=5.0.
block_device_aio = "io_uring"

# Specifies cache-related options will be set to block devices or not.
# Default false
#block_device_cache_set = true

# Specifies cache-related options for block devices.
# Denotes whether use of O_DIRECT (bypass the host page cache) is enabled.
# Default false
#block_device_cache_direct = true

# Specifies cache-related options for block devices.
# Denotes whether flush requests for the device are ignored.
# Default false
#block_device_cache_noflush = true

# Enable iothreads (data-plane) to be used. This causes IO to be
# handled in a separate IO thread. This is currently only implemented
# for SCSI.
#
enable_iothreads = false

# Enable pre allocation of VM RAM, default false
# Enabling this will result in lower container density
# as all of the memory will be allocated and locked
# This is useful when you want to reserve all the memory
# upfront or in the cases where you want memory latencies
# to be very predictable
# Default false
#enable_mem_prealloc = true

# Enable huge pages for VM RAM, default false
# Enabling this will result in the VM memory
# being allocated using huge pages.
# This is useful when you want to use vhost-user network
# stacks within the container. This will automatically
# result in memory pre allocation
#enable_hugepages = true

# Enable vhost-user storage device, default false
# Enabling this will result in some Linux reserved block type
# major range 240-254 being chosen to represent vhost-user devices.
enable_vhost_user_store = false

# The base directory specifically used for vhost-user devices.
# Its sub-path "block" is used for block devices; "block/sockets" is
# where we expect vhost-user sockets to live; "block/devices" is where
# simulated block device nodes for vhost-user devices to live.
vhost_user_store_path = "/var/run/kata-containers/vhost-user"

# Enable vIOMMU, default false
# Enabling this will result in the VM having a vIOMMU device
# This will also add the following options to the kernel's
# command line: intel_iommu=on,iommu=pt
#enable_iommu = true

# Enable IOMMU_PLATFORM, default false
# Enabling this will result in the VM device having iommu_platform=on set
#enable_iommu_platform = true

# List of valid annotations values for the vhost user store path
# The default if not set is empty (all annotations rejected.)
# Your distribution recommends: ["/var/run/kata-containers/vhost-user"]
valid_vhost_user_store_paths = ["/var/run/kata-containers/vhost-user"]

# The timeout for reconnecting on non-server spdk sockets when the remote end goes away.
# qemu will delay this many seconds and then attempt to reconnect.
# Zero disables reconnecting, and the default is zero.
vhost_user_reconnect_timeout_sec = 0

# Enable file based guest memory support. The default is an empty string which
# will disable this feature. In the case of virtio-fs, this is enabled
# automatically and '/dev/shm' is used as the backing folder.
# This option will be ignored if VM templating is enabled.
#file_mem_backend = ""

# List of valid annotations values for the file_mem_backend annotation
# The default if not set is empty (all annotations rejected.)
# Your distribution recommends: [""]
valid_file_mem_backends = [""]

# -pflash can add image file to VM. The arguments of it should be in format
# of ["/path/to/flash0.img", "/path/to/flash1.img"]
pflashes = []

# This option changes the default hypervisor and kernel parameters
# to enable debug output where available.
#
# Default false
#enable_debug = true

# This option allows to add an extra HMP or QMP socket when `enable_debug = true`
#
# WARNING: Anyone with access to the extra socket can take full control of
# Qemu. This is for debugging purpose only and must *NEVER* be used in
# production.
#
# Valid values are :
# - "hmp"
# - "qmp"
# - "qmp-pretty" (same as "qmp" with pretty json formatting)
#
# If set to the empty string "", no extra monitor socket is added. This is
# the default.
#extra_monitor_socket = hmp

# Disable the customizations done in the runtime when it detects
# that it is running on top a VMM. This will result in the runtime
# behaving as it would when running on bare metal.
#
#disable_nesting_checks = true

# This is the msize used for 9p shares. It is the number of bytes
# used for 9p packet payload.
#msize_9p = 8192

# If false and nvdimm is supported, use nvdimm device to plug guest image.
# Otherwise virtio-block device is used.
#
# nvdimm is not supported when `confidential_guest = true`.
#
# Default is false
#disable_image_nvdimm = true

# VFIO devices are hotplugged on a bridge by default.
# Enable hotplugging on root bus. This may be required for devices with
# a large PCI bar, as this is a current limitation with hotplugging on
# a bridge.
# Default false
#hotplug_vfio_on_root_bus = true

# Enable hot-plugging of VFIO devices to a bridge-port,
# root-port or switch-port.
# The default setting is  "no-port"
#hot_plug_vfio = "root-port"

# In a confidential compute environment hot-plugging can compromise
# security.
# Enable cold-plugging of VFIO devices to a bridge-port,
# root-port or switch-port.
# The default setting is  "no-port", which means disabled.
#cold_plug_vfio = "root-port"

# Before hot plugging a PCIe device, you need to add a pcie_root_port device.
# Use this parameter when using some large PCI bar devices, such as Nvidia GPU
# The value means the number of pcie_root_port
# This value is valid when hotplug_vfio_on_root_bus is true and machine_type is "q35"
# Default 0
#pcie_root_port = 2

# If vhost-net backend for virtio-net is not desired, set to true. Default is false, which trades off
# security (vhost-net runs ring0) for network I/O performance.
#disable_vhost_net = true

#
# Default entropy source.
# The path to a host source of entropy (including a real hardware RNG)
# /dev/urandom and /dev/random are two main options.
# Be aware that /dev/random is a blocking source of entropy.  If the host
# runs out of entropy, the VMs boot time will increase leading to get startup
# timeouts.
# The source of entropy /dev/urandom is non-blocking and provides a
# generally acceptable source of entropy. It should work well for pretty much
# all practical purposes.
#entropy_source= "/dev/urandom"

# List of valid annotations values for entropy_source
# The default if not set is empty (all annotations rejected.)
# Your distribution recommends: ["/dev/urandom","/dev/random",""]
valid_entropy_sources = ["/dev/urandom","/dev/random",""]

# Path to OCI hook binaries in the *guest rootfs*.
# This does not affect host-side hooks which must instead be added to
# the OCI spec passed to the runtime.
#
# You can create a rootfs with hooks by customizing the osbuilder scripts:
# https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/tree/main/tools/osbuilder
#
# Hooks must be stored in a subdirectory of guest_hook_path according to their
# hook type, i.e. "guest_hook_path/{prestart,poststart,poststop}".
# The agent will scan these directories for executable files and add them, in
# lexicographical order, to the lifecycle of the guest container.
# Hooks are executed in the runtime namespace of the guest. See the official documentation:
# https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/v1.0.1/config.md#posix-platform-hooks
# Warnings will be logged if any error is encountered while scanning for hooks,
# but it will not abort container execution.
#guest_hook_path = "/usr/share/oci/hooks"
#
# Use rx Rate Limiter to control network I/O inbound bandwidth(size in bits/sec for SB/VM).
# In Qemu, we use classful qdiscs HTB(Hierarchy Token Bucket) to discipline traffic.
# Default 0-sized value means unlimited rate.
#rx_rate_limiter_max_rate = 0
# Use tx Rate Limiter to control network I/O outbound bandwidth(size in bits/sec for SB/VM).
# In Qemu, we use classful qdiscs HTB(Hierarchy Token Bucket) and ifb(Intermediate Functional Block)
# to discipline traffic.
# Default 0-sized value means unlimited rate.
#tx_rate_limiter_max_rate = 0

# Set where to save the guest memory dump file.
# If set, when GUEST_PANICKED event occurred,
# guest memeory will be dumped to host filesystem under guest_memory_dump_path,
# This directory will be created automatically if it does not exist.
#
# The dumped file(also called vmcore) can be processed with crash or gdb.
#
# WARNING:
#   Dump guest’s memory can take very long depending on the amount of guest memory
#   and use much disk space.
#guest_memory_dump_path="/var/crash/kata"

# If enable paging.
# Basically, if you want to use "gdb" rather than "crash",
# or need the guest-virtual addresses in the ELF vmcore,
# then you should enable paging.
#
# See: https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/qemu-qmp-ref.html#Dump-guest-memory for details
#guest_memory_dump_paging=false

# Enable swap in the guest. Default false.
# When enable_guest_swap is enabled, insert a raw file to the guest as the swap device
# if the swappiness of a container (set by annotation "io.katacontainers.container.resource.swappiness")
# is bigger than 0.
# The size of the swap device should be
# swap_in_bytes (set by annotation "io.katacontainers.container.resource.swap_in_bytes") - memory_limit_in_bytes.
# If swap_in_bytes is not set, the size should be memory_limit_in_bytes.
# If swap_in_bytes and memory_limit_in_bytes is not set, the size should
# be default_memory.
#enable_guest_swap = true

# use legacy serial for guest console if available and implemented for architecture. Default false
#use_legacy_serial = true

# disable applying SELinux on the VMM process (default false)
disable_selinux=false

# disable applying SELinux on the container process
# If set to false, the type `container_t` is applied to the container process by default.
# Note: To enable guest SELinux, the guest rootfs must be CentOS that is created and built
# with `SELINUX=yes`.
# (default: true)
disable_guest_selinux=true


[factory]
# VM templating support. Once enabled, new VMs are created from template
# using vm cloning. They will share the same initial kernel, initramfs and
# agent memory by mapping it readonly. It helps speeding up new container
# creation and saves a lot of memory if there are many kata containers running
# on the same host.
#
# When disabled, new VMs are created from scratch.
#
# Note: Requires "initrd=" to be set ("image=" is not supported).
#
# Default false
#enable_template = true

# Specifies the path of template.
#
# Default "/run/vc/vm/template"
#template_path = "/run/vc/vm/template"

# The number of caches of VMCache:
# unspecified or == 0   --> VMCache is disabled
# > 0                   --> will be set to the specified number
#
# VMCache is a function that creates VMs as caches before using it.
# It helps speed up new container creation.
# The function consists of a server and some clients communicating
# through Unix socket.  The protocol is gRPC in protocols/cache/cache.proto.
# The VMCache server will create some VMs and cache them by factory cache.
# It will convert the VM to gRPC format and transport it when gets
# requestion from clients.
# Factory grpccache is the VMCache client.  It will request gRPC format
# VM and convert it back to a VM.  If VMCache function is enabled,
# kata-runtime will request VM from factory grpccache when it creates
# a new sandbox.
#
# Default 0
#vm_cache_number = 0

# Specify the address of the Unix socket that is used by VMCache.
#
# Default /var/run/kata-containers/cache.sock
#vm_cache_endpoint = "/var/run/kata-containers/cache.sock"

[agent.kata]
# If enabled, make the agent display debug-level messages.
# (default: disabled)
#enable_debug = true

# Enable agent tracing.
#
# If enabled, the agent will generate OpenTelemetry trace spans.
#
# Notes:
#
# - If the runtime also has tracing enabled, the agent spans will be
#   associated with the appropriate runtime parent span.
# - If enabled, the runtime will wait for the container to shutdown,
#   increasing the container shutdown time slightly.
#
# (default: disabled)
#enable_tracing = true

# Comma separated list of kernel modules and their parameters.
# These modules will be loaded in the guest kernel using modprobe(8).
# The following example can be used to load two kernel modules with parameters
#  - kernel_modules=["e1000e InterruptThrottleRate=3000,3000,3000 EEE=1", "i915 enable_ppgtt=0"]
# The first word is considered as the module name and the rest as its parameters.
# Container will not be started when:
#  * A kernel module is specified and the modprobe command is not installed in the guest
#    or it fails loading the module.
#  * The module is not available in the guest or it doesn't met the guest kernel
#    requirements, like architecture and version.
#
kernel_modules=[]

# Enable debug console.

# If enabled, user can connect guest OS running inside hypervisor
# through "kata-runtime exec <sandbox-id>" command

#debug_console_enabled = true

# Agent connection dialing timeout value in seconds
# (default: 45)
dial_timeout = 45

[runtime]
# If enabled, the runtime will log additional debug messages to the
# system log
# (default: disabled)
#enable_debug = true
#
# Internetworking model
# Determines how the VM should be connected to the
# the container network interface
# Options:
#
#   - macvtap
#     Used when the Container network interface can be bridged using
#     macvtap.
#
#   - none
#     Used when customize network. Only creates a tap device. No veth pair.
#
#   - tcfilter
#     Uses tc filter rules to redirect traffic from the network interface
#     provided by plugin to a tap interface connected to the VM.
#
internetworking_model="tcfilter"

# disable guest seccomp
# Determines whether container seccomp profiles are passed to the virtual
# machine and applied by the kata agent. If set to true, seccomp is not applied
# within the guest
# (default: true)
disable_guest_seccomp=true

# vCPUs pinning settings
# if enabled, each vCPU thread will be scheduled to a fixed CPU
# qualified condition: num(vCPU threads) == num(CPUs in sandbox's CPUSet)
# enable_vcpus_pinning = false

# Apply a custom SELinux security policy to the container process inside the VM.
# This is used when you want to apply a type other than the default `container_t`,
# so general users should not uncomment and apply it.
# (format: "user:role:type")
# Note: You cannot specify MCS policy with the label because the sensitivity levels and
# categories are determined automatically by high-level container runtimes such as containerd.
#guest_selinux_label="system_u:system_r:container_t"

# If enabled, the runtime will create opentracing.io traces and spans.
# (See https://www.jaegertracing.io/docs/getting-started).
# (default: disabled)
#enable_tracing = true

# Set the full url to the Jaeger HTTP Thrift collector.
# The default if not set will be "http://localhost:14268/api/traces"
#jaeger_endpoint = ""

# Sets the username to be used if basic auth is required for Jaeger.
#jaeger_user = ""

# Sets the password to be used if basic auth is required for Jaeger.
#jaeger_password = ""

# If enabled, the runtime will not create a network namespace for shim and hypervisor processes.
# This option may have some potential impacts to your host. It should only be used when you know what you're doing.
# `disable_new_netns` conflicts with `internetworking_model=tcfilter` and `internetworking_model=macvtap`. It works only
# with `internetworking_model=none`. The tap device will be in the host network namespace and can connect to a bridge
# (like OVS) directly.
# (default: false)
#disable_new_netns = true

# if enabled, the runtime will add all the kata processes inside one dedicated cgroup.
# The container cgroups in the host are not created, just one single cgroup per sandbox.
# The runtime caller is free to restrict or collect cgroup stats of the overall Kata sandbox.
# The sandbox cgroup path is the parent cgroup of a container with the PodSandbox annotation.
# The sandbox cgroup is constrained if there is no container type annotation.
# See: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/src/runtime/virtcontainers#ContainerType
sandbox_cgroup_only=false

# If enabled, the runtime will attempt to determine appropriate sandbox size (memory, CPU) before booting the virtual machine. In
# this case, the runtime will not dynamically update the amount of memory and CPU in the virtual machine. This is generally helpful
# when a hardware architecture or hypervisor solutions is utilized which does not support CPU and/or memory hotplug.
# Compatibility for determining appropriate sandbox (VM) size:
# - When running with pods, sandbox sizing information will only be available if using Kubernetes >= 1.23 and containerd >= 1.6. CRI-O
#   does not yet support sandbox sizing annotations.
# - When running single containers using a tool like ctr, container sizing information will be available.
static_sandbox_resource_mgmt=false

# If specified, sandbox_bind_mounts identifieds host paths to be mounted (ro) into the sandboxes shared path.
# This is only valid if filesystem sharing is utilized. The provided path(s) will be bindmounted into the shared fs directory.
# If defaults are utilized, these mounts should be available in the guest at `/run/kata-containers/shared/containers/sandbox-mounts`
# These will not be exposed to the container workloads, and are only provided for potential guest services.
sandbox_bind_mounts=[]

# VFIO Mode
# Determines how VFIO devices should be be presented to the container.
# Options:
#
#  - vfio
#    Matches behaviour of OCI runtimes (e.g. runc) as much as
#    possible.  VFIO devices will appear in the container as VFIO
#    character devices under /dev/vfio.  The exact names may differ
#    from the host (they need to match the VM's IOMMU group numbers
#    rather than the host's)
#
#  - guest-kernel
#    This is a Kata-specific behaviour that's useful in certain cases.
#    The VFIO device is managed by whatever driver in the VM kernel
#    claims it.  This means it will appear as one or more device nodes
#    or network interfaces depending on the nature of the device.
#    Using this mode requires specially built workloads that know how
#    to locate the relevant device interfaces within the VM.
#
vfio_mode="guest-kernel"

# If enabled, the runtime will not create Kubernetes emptyDir mounts on the guest filesystem. Instead, emptyDir mounts will
# be created on the host and shared via virtio-fs. This is potentially slower, but allows sharing of files from host to guest.
disable_guest_empty_dir=false

# Enabled experimental feature list, format: ["a", "b"].
# Experimental features are features not stable enough for production,
# they may break compatibility, and are prepared for a big version bump.
# Supported experimental features:
# (default: [])
experimental=[]

# If enabled, user can run pprof tools with shim v2 process through kata-monitor.
# (default: false)
# enable_pprof = true

# Indicates the CreateContainer request timeout needed for the workload(s)
# It using guest_pull this includes the time to pull the image inside the guest
# Defaults to 60 second(s)
# Note: The effective timeout is determined by the lesser of two values: runtime-request-timeout from kubelet config
# (https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet/#:~:text=runtime%2Drequest%2Dtimeout) and create_container_timeout.
# In essence, the timeout used for guest pull=runtime-request-timeout<create_container_timeout?runtime-request-timeout:create_container_timeout.
create_container_timeout = 60

Config file `/usr/share/defaults/kata-containers/configuration.toml` not found

---

Containerd shim v2

Containerd shim v2 is /usr/local/bin/containerd-shim-kata-v2.

containerd-shim-kata-v2 --version

Kata Containers containerd shim (Golang): id: "io.containerd.kata.v2", version: 3.5.0, commit: 6a4ff08156f716db53def098e0506e43be9698c9

---

KSM throttler

KSM throttler

version

systemd service

Image details

Image details

No image

---

Initrd details

Initrd details

No initrd

---

Logfiles

Logfiles

Runtime logs

Runtime logs

No recent runtime problems found in system journal.

Throttler logs

Throttler logs

No recent throttler problems found in system journal.

Kata Containerd Shim v2 logs

Kata Containerd Shim v2

Recent problems found in system journal:

time="2024-05-16T13:50:16.426216362Z" level=warning msg="Could not add /dev/mshv to the devices cgroup" name=containerd-shim-v2 pid=4570 sandbox=d988033af2b703cc35a77b983993e3ab8d0110b420905109c25a06cfcdcebf38 source=cgroups
time="2024-05-16T13:52:53.692173342Z" level=error msg="failed to cleanup the &{%!s(*v2.Manager=&{/sys/fs/cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/kubepods-besteffort-podb1aa23ca_385f_48c1_a167_770b33a90a54.slice:cri-containerd:d988033af2b703cc35a77b983993e3ab8d0110b420905109c25a06cfcdcebf38}) /kubepods-besteffort-podb1aa23ca_385f_48c1_a167_770b33a90a54.slice:cri-containerd:d988033af2b703cc35a77b983993e3ab8d0110b420905109c25a06cfcdcebf38 %!s(*specs.LinuxCPU=&{<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>   <nil>}) [{%!s(bool=false)  %!s(*int64=<nil>) %!s(*int64=<nil>) rwm} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0002eadf8) %!s(*int64=0xc0002eae20) rwm} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0002eae28) %!s(*int64=0xc0002eae30) rwm} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb4a8) %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb4b0) rwm} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb4d8) %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb4e0) rwm} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb508) %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb510) rwm} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb538) %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb540) rwm} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb568) %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb570) rwm} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb598) %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb5a0) rwm} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb808) %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb810) rwm} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb838) %!s(*int64=0xc0003fb840) rwm} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0003fbc58) %!s(*int64=0xc0003fbc60) rwm} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0003fbc88) %!s(*int64=0xc0003fbc90) rwm} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0003fbcb8) %!s(*int64=0xc0003fbcc0) rwm} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0002eafb0) %!s(*int64=0xc0002eafb8) m} {%!s(bool=true) b %!s(*int64=0xc0002eafb0) %!s(*int64=0xc0002eafb8) m} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0002eafc0) %!s(*int64=0xc0002eafb8) rwm} {%!s(bool=true) c %!s(*int64=0xc0002eafc8) %!s(*int64=0xc0002eafd0) rwm}] {%!s(int32=0) %!s(uint32=0)}} resource controllers" error="lstat /sys/fs/cgroup/kubepods.slice/kubepods-besteffort.slice/kubepods-besteffort-podb1aa23ca_385f_48c1_a167_770b33a90a54.slice/cri-containerd-d988033af2b703cc35a77b983993e3ab8d0110b420905109c25a06cfcdcebf38.scope: no such file or directory" name=containerd-shim-v2 pid=4570 sandbox=d988033af2b703cc35a77b983993e3ab8d0110b420905109c25a06cfcdcebf38 source=virtcontainers subsystem=sandbox

---

Container manager details

Container manager details

Kubernetes

Kubernetes

kubectl version

Client Version: v1.29.1
Kustomize Version: v5.0.4-0.20230601165947-6ce0bf390ce3
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?

kubectl config view

apiVersion: v1
clusters: null
contexts: null
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users: null

systemctl show kubelet

Type=simple
Restart=on-failure
NotifyAccess=none
RestartUSec=5s
TimeoutStartUSec=1min 30s
TimeoutStopUSec=1min 30s
TimeoutAbortUSec=1min 30s
TimeoutStartFailureMode=terminate
TimeoutStopFailureMode=terminate
RuntimeMaxUSec=infinity
WatchdogUSec=0
WatchdogTimestamp=n/a
WatchdogTimestampMonotonic=0
RootDirectoryStartOnly=no
RemainAfterExit=no
GuessMainPID=yes
MainPID=4005
ControlPID=0
FileDescriptorStoreMax=0
NFileDescriptorStore=0
StatusErrno=0
Result=success
ReloadResult=success
CleanResult=success
UID=[not set]
GID=[not set]
NRestarts=0
OOMPolicy=stop
ExecMainStartTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
ExecMainStartTimestampMonotonic=211462091
ExecMainExitTimestamp=n/a
ExecMainExitTimestampMonotonic=0
ExecMainPID=4005
ExecMainCode=0
ExecMainStatus=0
ExecStart={ path=/usr/local/bin/kubelet ; argv[]=/usr/local/bin/kubelet --kubeconfig=/var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig --cert-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/pki --node-labels=${NODELABELS} --hostname-override=${NODE_NAME} --config=/var/lib/kubelet/kubelet.conf --cloud-provider=external --v=2 ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=4005 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }
ExecStartEx={ path=/usr/local/bin/kubelet ; argv[]=/usr/local/bin/kubelet --kubeconfig=/var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig --cert-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/pki --node-labels=${NODELABELS} --hostname-override=${NODE_NAME} --config=/var/lib/kubelet/kubelet.conf --cloud-provider=external --v=2 ; flags= ; start_time=[Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=4005 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }
Slice=system.slice
ControlGroup=/system.slice/kubelet.service
MemoryCurrent=46862336
MemoryAvailable=infinity
CPUUsageNSec=60203001000
EffectiveCPUs=0-15
EffectiveMemoryNodes=0
TasksCurrent=24
IPIngressBytes=[no data]
IPIngressPackets=[no data]
IPEgressBytes=[no data]
IPEgressPackets=[no data]
IOReadBytes=18446744073709551615
IOReadOperations=18446744073709551615
IOWriteBytes=18446744073709551615
IOWriteOperations=18446744073709551615
Delegate=no
CPUAccounting=yes
CPUWeight=[not set]
StartupCPUWeight=[not set]
CPUShares=[not set]
StartupCPUShares=[not set]
CPUQuotaPerSecUSec=infinity
CPUQuotaPeriodUSec=infinity
IOAccounting=no
IOWeight=[not set]
StartupIOWeight=[not set]
BlockIOAccounting=no
BlockIOWeight=[not set]
StartupBlockIOWeight=[not set]
MemoryAccounting=yes
DefaultMemoryLow=0
DefaultMemoryMin=0
MemoryMin=0
MemoryLow=0
MemoryHigh=infinity
MemoryMax=infinity
MemorySwapMax=infinity
MemoryLimit=infinity
DevicePolicy=auto
TasksAccounting=yes
TasksMax=77104
IPAccounting=no
ManagedOOMSwap=auto
ManagedOOMMemoryPressure=auto
ManagedOOMMemoryPressureLimit=0
ManagedOOMPreference=none
EnvironmentFiles=/var/lib/kubelet/kubelet.env (ignore_errors=no)
UMask=0022
LimitCPU=infinity
LimitCPUSoft=infinity
LimitFSIZE=infinity
LimitFSIZESoft=infinity
LimitDATA=infinity
LimitDATASoft=infinity
LimitSTACK=infinity
LimitSTACKSoft=8388608
LimitCORE=infinity
LimitCORESoft=0
LimitRSS=infinity
LimitRSSSoft=infinity
LimitNOFILE=524288
LimitNOFILESoft=1024
LimitAS=infinity
LimitASSoft=infinity
LimitNPROC=257014
LimitNPROCSoft=257014
LimitMEMLOCK=65536
LimitMEMLOCKSoft=65536
LimitLOCKS=infinity
LimitLOCKSSoft=infinity
LimitSIGPENDING=257014
LimitSIGPENDINGSoft=257014
LimitMSGQUEUE=819200
LimitMSGQUEUESoft=819200
LimitNICE=0
LimitNICESoft=0
LimitRTPRIO=0
LimitRTPRIOSoft=0
LimitRTTIME=infinity
LimitRTTIMESoft=infinity
OOMScoreAdjust=0
CoredumpFilter=0x33
Nice=0
IOSchedulingClass=2
IOSchedulingPriority=4
CPUSchedulingPolicy=0
CPUSchedulingPriority=0
CPUAffinityFromNUMA=no
NUMAPolicy=n/a
TimerSlackNSec=50000
CPUSchedulingResetOnFork=no
NonBlocking=no
StandardInput=null
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=inherit
TTYReset=no
TTYVHangup=no
TTYVTDisallocate=no
SyslogPriority=30
SyslogLevelPrefix=yes
SyslogLevel=6
SyslogFacility=3
LogLevelMax=-1
LogRateLimitIntervalUSec=0
LogRateLimitBurst=0
SecureBits=0
CapabilityBoundingSet=cap_chown cap_dac_override cap_dac_read_search cap_fowner cap_fsetid cap_kill cap_setgid cap_setuid cap_setpcap cap_linux_immutable cap_net_bind_service cap_net_broadcast cap_net_admin cap_net_raw cap_ipc_lock cap_ipc_owner cap_sys_module cap_sys_rawio cap_sys_chroot cap_sys_ptrace cap_sys_pacct cap_sys_admin cap_sys_boot cap_sys_nice cap_sys_resource cap_sys_time cap_sys_tty_config cap_mknod cap_lease cap_audit_write cap_audit_control cap_setfcap cap_mac_override cap_mac_admin cap_syslog cap_wake_alarm cap_block_suspend cap_audit_read cap_perfmon cap_bpf cap_checkpoint_restore
DynamicUser=no
RemoveIPC=no
PrivateTmp=no
PrivateDevices=no
ProtectClock=no
ProtectKernelTunables=no
ProtectKernelModules=no
ProtectKernelLogs=no
ProtectControlGroups=no
PrivateNetwork=no
PrivateUsers=no
PrivateMounts=no
PrivateIPC=no
ProtectHome=no
ProtectSystem=no
SameProcessGroup=no
UtmpMode=init
IgnoreSIGPIPE=yes
NoNewPrivileges=no
SystemCallErrorNumber=2147483646
LockPersonality=no
RuntimeDirectoryPreserve=no
RuntimeDirectoryMode=0755
StateDirectoryMode=0755
CacheDirectoryMode=0755
LogsDirectoryMode=0755
ConfigurationDirectoryMode=0755
TimeoutCleanUSec=infinity
MemoryDenyWriteExecute=no
RestrictRealtime=no
RestrictSUIDSGID=no
RestrictNamespaces=no
MountAPIVFS=no
KeyringMode=private
ProtectProc=default
ProcSubset=all
ProtectHostname=no
KillMode=control-group
KillSignal=15
RestartKillSignal=15
FinalKillSignal=9
SendSIGKILL=yes
SendSIGHUP=no
WatchdogSignal=6
Id=kubelet.service
Names=kubelet.service
Requires=system.slice sysinit.target containerd.service
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Conflicts=shutdown.target
Before=multi-user.target shutdown.target
After=basic.target system.slice containerd.service sysinit.target systemd-journald.socket
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
LoadState=loaded
ActiveState=active
FreezerState=running
SubState=running
FragmentPath=/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
UnitFileState=enabled
UnitFilePreset=enabled
StateChangeTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
StateChangeTimestampMonotonic=211462894
InactiveExitTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
InactiveExitTimestampMonotonic=211462894
ActiveEnterTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic=211462894
ActiveExitTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic=210841984
InactiveEnterTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
InactiveEnterTimestampMonotonic=210909231
CanStart=yes
CanStop=yes
CanReload=no
CanIsolate=no
CanFreeze=yes
StopWhenUnneeded=no
RefuseManualStart=no
RefuseManualStop=no
AllowIsolate=no
DefaultDependencies=yes
OnSuccessJobMode=fail
OnFailureJobMode=replace
IgnoreOnIsolate=no
NeedDaemonReload=no
JobTimeoutUSec=infinity
JobRunningTimeoutUSec=infinity
JobTimeoutAction=none
ConditionResult=yes
AssertResult=yes
ConditionTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
ConditionTimestampMonotonic=211458149
AssertTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
AssertTimestampMonotonic=211458156
Transient=no
Perpetual=no
StartLimitIntervalUSec=10s
StartLimitBurst=5
StartLimitAction=none
FailureAction=none
SuccessAction=none
InvocationID=2a7aa4e6f8594e85bd31d7a8865543b4
CollectMode=inactive

containerd

containerd

containerd --version

containerd github.com/containerd/containerd v1.7.16 83031836b2cf55637d7abf847b17134c51b38e53

systemctl show containerd

Type=notify
Restart=always
NotifyAccess=main
RestartUSec=5s
TimeoutStartUSec=1min 30s
TimeoutStopUSec=1min 30s
TimeoutAbortUSec=1min 30s
TimeoutStartFailureMode=terminate
TimeoutStopFailureMode=terminate
RuntimeMaxUSec=infinity
WatchdogUSec=0
WatchdogTimestamp=n/a
WatchdogTimestampMonotonic=0
RootDirectoryStartOnly=no
RemainAfterExit=no
GuessMainPID=yes
MainPID=3862
ControlPID=0
FileDescriptorStoreMax=0
NFileDescriptorStore=0
StatusErrno=0
Result=success
ReloadResult=success
CleanResult=success
UID=[not set]
GID=[not set]
NRestarts=0
OOMPolicy=continue
ExecMainStartTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
ExecMainStartTimestampMonotonic=210936103
ExecMainExitTimestamp=n/a
ExecMainExitTimestampMonotonic=0
ExecMainPID=3862
ExecMainCode=0
ExecMainStatus=0
ExecStartPre={ path=/sbin/modprobe ; argv[]=/sbin/modprobe overlay ; ignore_errors=yes ; start_time=[Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC] ; stop_time=[Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC] ; pid=3861 ; code=exited ; status=0 }
ExecStartPreEx={ path=/sbin/modprobe ; argv[]=/sbin/modprobe overlay ; flags=ignore-failure ; start_time=[Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC] ; stop_time=[Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC] ; pid=3861 ; code=exited ; status=0 }
ExecStart={ path=/usr/local/bin/containerd ; argv[]=/usr/local/bin/containerd ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=3862 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }
ExecStartEx={ path=/usr/local/bin/containerd ; argv[]=/usr/local/bin/containerd ; flags= ; start_time=[Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=3862 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }
Slice=system.slice
ControlGroup=/system.slice/containerd.service
MemoryCurrent=5267922944
MemoryAvailable=infinity
CPUUsageNSec=32370064000
EffectiveCPUs=0-15
EffectiveMemoryNodes=0
TasksCurrent=125
IPIngressBytes=[no data]
IPIngressPackets=[no data]
IPEgressBytes=[no data]
IPEgressPackets=[no data]
IOReadBytes=18446744073709551615
IOReadOperations=18446744073709551615
IOWriteBytes=18446744073709551615
IOWriteOperations=18446744073709551615
Delegate=yes
DelegateControllers=cpu cpuacct cpuset io blkio memory devices pids bpf-firewall bpf-devices bpf-foreign bpf-socket-bind
CPUAccounting=yes
CPUWeight=[not set]
StartupCPUWeight=[not set]
CPUShares=[not set]
StartupCPUShares=[not set]
CPUQuotaPerSecUSec=infinity
CPUQuotaPeriodUSec=infinity
IOAccounting=no
IOWeight=[not set]
StartupIOWeight=[not set]
BlockIOAccounting=no
BlockIOWeight=[not set]
StartupBlockIOWeight=[not set]
MemoryAccounting=yes
DefaultMemoryLow=0
DefaultMemoryMin=0
MemoryMin=0
MemoryLow=0
MemoryHigh=infinity
MemoryMax=infinity
MemorySwapMax=infinity
MemoryLimit=infinity
DevicePolicy=auto
TasksAccounting=yes
TasksMax=infinity
IPAccounting=no
ManagedOOMSwap=auto
ManagedOOMMemoryPressure=auto
ManagedOOMMemoryPressureLimit=0
ManagedOOMPreference=none
UMask=0022
LimitCPU=infinity
LimitCPUSoft=infinity
LimitFSIZE=infinity
LimitFSIZESoft=infinity
LimitDATA=infinity
LimitDATASoft=infinity
LimitSTACK=infinity
LimitSTACKSoft=8388608
LimitCORE=infinity
LimitCORESoft=infinity
LimitRSS=infinity
LimitRSSSoft=infinity
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNOFILESoft=infinity
LimitAS=infinity
LimitASSoft=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitNPROCSoft=infinity
LimitMEMLOCK=65536
LimitMEMLOCKSoft=65536
LimitLOCKS=infinity
LimitLOCKSSoft=infinity
LimitSIGPENDING=257014
LimitSIGPENDINGSoft=257014
LimitMSGQUEUE=819200
LimitMSGQUEUESoft=819200
LimitNICE=0
LimitNICESoft=0
LimitRTPRIO=0
LimitRTPRIOSoft=0
LimitRTTIME=infinity
LimitRTTIMESoft=infinity
OOMScoreAdjust=-999
CoredumpFilter=0x33
Nice=0
IOSchedulingClass=2
IOSchedulingPriority=4
CPUSchedulingPolicy=0
CPUSchedulingPriority=0
CPUAffinityFromNUMA=no
NUMAPolicy=n/a
TimerSlackNSec=50000
CPUSchedulingResetOnFork=no
NonBlocking=no
StandardInput=null
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=inherit
TTYReset=no
TTYVHangup=no
TTYVTDisallocate=no
SyslogPriority=30
SyslogLevelPrefix=yes
SyslogLevel=6
SyslogFacility=3
LogLevelMax=-1
LogRateLimitIntervalUSec=0
LogRateLimitBurst=0
SecureBits=0
CapabilityBoundingSet=cap_chown cap_dac_override cap_dac_read_search cap_fowner cap_fsetid cap_kill cap_setgid cap_setuid cap_setpcap cap_linux_immutable cap_net_bind_service cap_net_broadcast cap_net_admin cap_net_raw cap_ipc_lock cap_ipc_owner cap_sys_module cap_sys_rawio cap_sys_chroot cap_sys_ptrace cap_sys_pacct cap_sys_admin cap_sys_boot cap_sys_nice cap_sys_resource cap_sys_time cap_sys_tty_config cap_mknod cap_lease cap_audit_write cap_audit_control cap_setfcap cap_mac_override cap_mac_admin cap_syslog cap_wake_alarm cap_block_suspend cap_audit_read cap_perfmon cap_bpf cap_checkpoint_restore
DynamicUser=no
RemoveIPC=no
PrivateTmp=no
PrivateDevices=no
ProtectClock=no
ProtectKernelTunables=no
ProtectKernelModules=no
ProtectKernelLogs=no
ProtectControlGroups=no
PrivateNetwork=no
PrivateUsers=no
PrivateMounts=no
PrivateIPC=no
ProtectHome=no
ProtectSystem=no
SameProcessGroup=no
UtmpMode=init
IgnoreSIGPIPE=yes
NoNewPrivileges=no
SystemCallErrorNumber=2147483646
LockPersonality=no
RuntimeDirectoryPreserve=no
RuntimeDirectoryMode=0755
StateDirectoryMode=0755
CacheDirectoryMode=0755
LogsDirectoryMode=0755
ConfigurationDirectoryMode=0755
TimeoutCleanUSec=infinity
MemoryDenyWriteExecute=no
RestrictRealtime=no
RestrictSUIDSGID=no
RestrictNamespaces=no
MountAPIVFS=no
KeyringMode=private
ProtectProc=default
ProcSubset=all
ProtectHostname=no
KillMode=process
KillSignal=15
RestartKillSignal=15
FinalKillSignal=9
SendSIGKILL=yes
SendSIGHUP=no
WatchdogSignal=6
Id=containerd.service
Names=containerd.service
Requires=sysinit.target system.slice
RequiredBy=kubelet.service
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Conflicts=shutdown.target
Before=shutdown.target kubelet.service multi-user.target
After=sysinit.target network.target local-fs.target system.slice basic.target systemd-journald.socket
Documentation=https://containerd.io
Description=containerd container runtime
LoadState=loaded
ActiveState=active
FreezerState=running
SubState=running
FragmentPath=/usr/local/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service
UnitFileState=enabled
UnitFilePreset=enabled
StateChangeTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
StateChangeTimestampMonotonic=211453952
InactiveExitTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
InactiveExitTimestampMonotonic=210928337
ActiveEnterTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic=211453952
ActiveExitTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic=210910703
InactiveEnterTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
InactiveEnterTimestampMonotonic=210923718
CanStart=yes
CanStop=yes
CanReload=no
CanIsolate=no
CanFreeze=yes
StopWhenUnneeded=no
RefuseManualStart=no
RefuseManualStop=no
AllowIsolate=no
DefaultDependencies=yes
OnSuccessJobMode=fail
OnFailureJobMode=replace
IgnoreOnIsolate=no
NeedDaemonReload=no
JobTimeoutUSec=infinity
JobRunningTimeoutUSec=infinity
JobTimeoutAction=none
ConditionResult=yes
AssertResult=yes
ConditionTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
ConditionTimestampMonotonic=210925124
AssertTimestamp=Thu 2024-05-16 13:44:13 UTC
AssertTimestampMonotonic=210925128
Transient=no
Perpetual=no
StartLimitIntervalUSec=10s
StartLimitBurst=5
StartLimitAction=none
FailureAction=none
SuccessAction=none
InvocationID=d8cee01ed5a24b379ed904bb986b73f3
CollectMode=inactive

cat /etc/containerd/config.toml

version = 2

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
SystemdCgroup = true

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.kata-qemu]
runtime_type = "io.containerd.kata-qemu.v2"
privileged_without_host_devices = true
pod_annotations = ["io.katacontainers.*"]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.kata-qemu.options]
ConfigPath = "/opt/kata/share/defaults/kata-containers//configuration-qemu.toml"

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.kata-qemu-coco-dev]
runtime_type = "io.containerd.kata-qemu-coco-dev.v2"
privileged_without_host_devices = true
pod_annotations = ["io.katacontainers.*"]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.kata-qemu-coco-dev.options]
ConfigPath = "/opt/kata/share/defaults/kata-containers//configuration-qemu-coco-dev.toml"

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.kata-qemu-sev]
runtime_type = "io.containerd.kata-qemu-sev.v2"
privileged_without_host_devices = true
pod_annotations = ["io.katacontainers.*"]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.kata-qemu-sev.options]
ConfigPath = "/opt/kata/share/defaults/kata-containers//configuration-qemu-sev.toml"

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.kata-qemu-snp]
runtime_type = "io.containerd.kata-qemu-snp.v2"
privileged_without_host_devices = true
pod_annotations = ["io.katacontainers.*"]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.kata-qemu-snp.options]
ConfigPath = "/opt/kata/share/defaults/kata-containers//configuration-qemu-snp.toml"

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.kata-qemu-tdx]
runtime_type = "io.containerd.kata-qemu-tdx.v2"
privileged_without_host_devices = true
pod_annotations = ["io.katacontainers.*"]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.kata-qemu-tdx.options]
ConfigPath = "/opt/kata/share/defaults/kata-containers//configuration-qemu-tdx.toml"

---

Packages

Packages

Have dpkg

dpkg -l|egrep "(cc-oci-runtime|cc-runtime|runv|kata-runtime|kata-ksm-throttler|kata-containers-image|linux-container|qemu-)"

ii  qemu-guest-agent                 1:6.2+dfsg-2ubuntu6.19                  amd64        Guest-side qemu-system agent

No `rpm`

---

Kata Monitor

Kata Monitor kata-monitor.

kata-monitor --version

kata-monitor
 Version:	0.3.0
 Go version:	go1.22.2
 Git commit:	6a4ff08156f716db53def098e0506e43be9698c9
 OS/Arch:	linux/amd64

---

[lifupan]

Hi @RamyChaabane

Although you do not specify a command, the container image may have a default command or entrypoint. All different images may behave differently. How does this test perform on the runC runtime?

[RamyChaabane]

Hi @lifupan

I'm using the default alpine image without any customisation. The default command/entrypoint should be sh. So the actual behaviour is a little weird.

On the runC runtime, the pod finishes than fails immediately

kubectl get pods -w 
NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-pod   0/1     Pending   0          1s
my-pod   0/1     Pending   0          1s
my-pod   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          1s
my-pod   0/1     Completed           0          3s
my-pod   0/1     Completed           1 (2s ago)   5s
my-pod   0/1     CrashLoopBackOff    1 (2s ago)   6s

[lifupan]

Hi @RamyChaabane

I researched this problem and found that for images like alpine, the stdin passed by containerd is empty when the terminal is not explicitly used. For runC, when it creates the container process, it changes the stdin of the container process. It is set to /dev/null, and the init process of the container is sh. Because stdin is /dev/null, the process will automatically exit after starting, so the runC container will also automatically exit. But for kata, when kata creates the container process, it does not consider whether the stdin passed by containerd is empty. If the terminal is not enabled, kata-agent will set the stdin of the container process to a fifo file, so The container process sh started by kata will not exit automatically.