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<!doctype html>
<html lang="eng">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<title>Introduction to Accessibility</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/blood.css">
<!-- Theme used for syntax highlighting of code -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/zenburn.css">
<!-- Printing and PDF exports -->
<script>
var link = document.createElement( 'link' );
link.rel = 'stylesheet';
link.type = 'text/css';
link.href = window.location.search.match( /print-pdf/gi ) ? 'css/print/pdf.css' : 'css/print/paper.css';
document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[0].appendChild( link );
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section>
<h1>Introduction To Accessibility</h1>
<h2>Lindsey Kopacz</h2>
<h3>Twitter: @littlekope0903</h3>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h1>What is Accessibility?</h1>
</section>
<section>
<p>TL:DR - Web Accessibility means that people of all abilities can access your website</p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Diversity of Abilities</h1>
<ul>
<li>Auditory/Hearing</li>
<li>Cognitive/Neurological</li>
<li>Physical/Motor</li>
<li>Speech</li>
<li>Blindness/Low Vision</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<img src="images/IMG_0479.jpg" alt="Middle finger on right hand with bruise as long as finger" width="400"/>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h1>The vocabulary</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Section 508 Compliance</h1>
<blockquote>In 1998, Congress amended the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 to require Federal agencies to make their electronic and information technology (EIT) accessible to people with disabilities.</blockquote>
<p><a href="https://www.section508.gov/manage/laws-and-policies">section508.gov</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>ADA - Title III</h1>
<blockquote>Although the language of the ADA does not explicitly mention the Internet, the Department
has taken the position that title III covers access to Web sites of public accommodations. The
Department has issued guidance on the ADA as applied to the Web sites of public entities,
which includes the availability of standards for Web site accessibility. </blockquote>
<p><a href="https://www.ada.gov/regs2010/titleIII_2010/titleIII_2010_regulations.htm">ADA.gov</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>WCAG</h1>
<h2><em>Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</em></h2>
<p class="big-p">3 levels:</p>
<ul>
<li>A (bare minimum)</li>
<li>AA (happy medium)</li>
<li>AAA (highest)</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>WCAG Principles</h1>
<ul>
<li>Sites should be <span class="underline">Perceivable</span> to multiple senses.</li>
<li>Sites should be <span class="underline">Operable</span> using a mouse, keyboard, or assistive device.</li>
<li>Sites should have clear content and be <span class="underline">Understandable</span>.</li>
<li>Sites should support a <span class="underline">Robust</span> variety of browsers.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/">More about Principles</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h1>Why should I care?</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Case Study</h1>
<h2>Winn Dixie</h2>
<p>On June 12, 2017, Judge Robert Scola, of the Southern District of Florida, decided that Winn-Dixie’s
website is heavily integrated with the company’s physical store locations, making it subject to the ADA.</p>
<p>“Therefore, Winn-Dixie has violated the ADA because the inaccessibility of its website has denied Gil [plaintiff]
the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages or accommodations
that Winn-Dixie offers to its sighted customers.”</p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Individual Case Study</h1>
<h2>Nordstrom</h2>
<p>Online Store</p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Why should I care?</h1>
<ul>
<li>Empathy and Inclusion</li>
<li>Good for Business</li>
<li>Always Part of Your Audience</li>
<li>Legal Repurcussions</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h1>Where do I start?</h1>
<h2>What are the basics?</h2>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h1>Alternative text</h1>
<ul>
<li>Providing a textual alternative for non-text content in web pages</li>
<li>Read by screen readers allowing the <em>content</em> and the <em>function</em> of the image to be accessible to the reader</li>
<li>Displays when a file does not load</li>
<li>Provides semantic meaning to images, which can be helpful for search engines</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Bad</h1>
<img src="images/rainbow-white-house.jpg" alt="White House with rainbow" width="500" /><br>
<code><img src="images/rainbow-white-house.jpg" alt="White House with rainbow" /></code>
<p>Credit: New York Times</p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Good</h1>
<img src="images/rainbow-white-house.jpg" alt="White House lit with rainbow lights to celebrate legal gay marriage" width="500" /><br>
<code><img src="images/rainbow-white-house.jpg" alt="White House lit with rainbow lights to celebrate legal gay marriage" /></code>
<p>Credit: New York Times</p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h1>Semantic HTML</h1>
<ul>
<li>Using headings, lists, and other structural html elements to create clear meaning</li>
<li>Using <code><header></code>, <code><nav></code>, <code><section></code>, <code><article></code>, <code><footer></code> tags</li>
<li>Using hierarchacal headers correctly</li>
<li>Using lists correctly</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Bad</h1>
<pre><code>
<h1>About Us</h1>
<p>Here is some text</p>
<h3>Our Mission</h3>
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Good</h1>
<pre><code>
<h1>About Us</h1>
<p>Here is some text</p>
<h2>Our Mission</h2>
</code></pre>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h1>Accessible Tables</h1>
<ul>
<li>Tables should have appropriate headers</li>
<li>Data cells should be associated with their appropriate tags</li>
<li>Using <code><td></code> and <code><th></code> appropriately</li>
<li>Scope attribute for table headings that allows to define column or row</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Bad</h1>
<pre><code>
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>Age</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lindsey</td>
<td>28</td>
</tr>
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Better</h1>
<pre><code>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lindsey</td>
<td>28</td>
</tr>
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Even Better</h1>
<pre><code>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Age</th>
<th scope="col">Job</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Lindsey</th>
<td>28</td>
<td>Front End Engineer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Karen</th>
<td>25</td>
<td>Systems Administrator</td>
</tr>
</code></pre>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h1>Accessible Forms</h1>
<ul>
<li>Providing users with clear instructions, IE formatting instructions, required fields</li>
<li>Ensure all Forms are keyboard accessible, including select lists</li>
<li>Make sure all fields have a <code><label></code> and associate it with the proper input, even if you hide it for visually able users</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Bad</h1>
<pre><code>
<input type="text" placeholder="Search" id="search">
<input type="submit" value="Search">
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Good</h1>
<pre><code>
<label for="search">Search: </label>
<input type="text" placeholder="Search" id="search">
<input type="submit" value="Search">
</code></pre>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h1>Accessible Links</h1>
<ul>
<li>Making sure all links are accessible via the keyboard</li>
<li>Not using empty links (Common for JavaScript hovers)</li>
<li>Providing context in all links, not "Click Here"</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Bad</h1>
<pre><code>
<p><a href="/some-link">Click here</a> to find out more
</code></pre>
<pre>
<code>
<a href="#" onmouseover="dropdownmenu()">Products</a>
</code>
</pre>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Good</h1>
<pre><code>
<p>Check out our <a href="/some-link">resources about coding</a>
to find out more.</p>
</code></pre>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h1>Skipping Repetitive Links</h1>
<ul>
<li>Particularly important with navigation</li>
<li>Making sure that the "Skip" link is the first thing</li>
<li>Can be visible, invisible, or invisible until receives keyboard focus</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Bad</h1>
<pre><code>
<!--
<body>
<a href="#maincontent">Skip to main content</a>
...
<main id="maincontent">
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the first paragraph</p>
-->
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Good</h1>
<pre><code>
<body>
<a href="#maincontent">Skip to main content</a>
...
<main id="maincontent">
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the first paragraph</p>
</code></pre>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h1>Avoiding Color for Meaning</h1>
<ul>
<li>Everyone perceives color differently</li>
<li>If color conveys meaning, there should be a non color way to show the same meaning</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Bad</h1>
<img src="images/color-fields.png" width="300" alt="image with 2 green outlined fields and a red field to indicate right and wrong"/>
<p>Image credited to <a href="http://bethsoderberg.com/">Beth Soderberg</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Better</h1>
<img src="images/color-fields-with-checks-and-x.png" width="300" alt="image with 2 green outlined fields with check marks and a red field with an x to indicate right and wrong" />
<p>Image credited to <a href="http://bethsoderberg.com/">Beth Soderberg</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Even Better</h1>
<img src="images/color-fields-with-error-message.png" width="300" alt="image with 2 green outlined fields with check marks and a red field with an x and error message to indicate right and wrong" />
<p>Image credited to <a href="http://bethsoderberg.com/">Beth Soderberg</a></p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h1>Other Items</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Visually Hidden</h1>
<ul>
<li>Do NOT use <code>display:none;</code></li>
<li>Use a Visually Hidden class instead</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>
.visually-hidden {
position:absolute;
left:-10000px;
top:auto;
width:1px;
height:1px;
overflow:hidden;
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Accessible JavaScript</h1>
<ul>
<li>Most of the time you can use it to enhance accessibility</li>
<li>Usually the trouble points are:</li>
<ul>
<li>Navigation - opening up submenu links on focus</li>
<li>Hidden Content and tabbing through content you cannot see (Modals)</li>
<li>Disorienting the user from normal functionality or triggering abnormal events. (IE empty links for functionality)</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Making use of ARIA Labels</h1>
<ul>
<li>"Accessible Rich Internet Applications"</li>
<li>Provides Missing context needed for assistive technologies</li>
<li>Using the <code>role</code> attribute</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Clear Focus States</h1>
<ul>
<li>Psuedo-Class <code>:focus</code></li>
<li>shows where you have keyboard focus</li>
<li>Important for forms and links</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Resources & Helpful Links</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://webaim.org/intro/">WebAIM Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.phase2technology.com/blog/no-more-excuses-the-definitive-guide-to-the-alt-text-field/">Phase 2: The Definitive Guide to the Alt-Text Field</a></li>
<li><a href="http://webaim.org/techniques/css/invisiblecontent/">WebAIM Guide to Invisible Content</a></li>
<li><a href="http://webaim.org/techniques/javascript/">WebAIM Accessible JavaScript</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwMu3cnxgo0&t=231s">PHP Tek 2017 - Aria Presentation</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/An_overview_of_accessible_web_applications_and_widgets">MDN Overview of ARIA</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/:focus">MDN :focus page</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Free Tools</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/nocoffee/jjeeggmbnhckmgdhmgdckeigabjfbddl">NoCoffee Vision Simulator</a></li>
<li><a href="http://wave.webaim.org/">Wave Tool</a> (I prefer the Chrome Extension)</li>
<li><a href="http://achecker.ca/checker/">AChecker</a></li>
<li>VoiceOver (if you're a Mac User (CMD + F5)</li>
<li>Your Keyboard!</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>My Newsletter</h1>
<a href="http://eepurl.com/dy1USP">http://eepurl.com/dy1USP</a>
<ul>
<li>Notifying subscribers when my site is live</li>
<li>Announcements about when I have webinars (plus discounts!)</li>
<li>Announcement and direct Access to my a11y cheatsheet when I create it!</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Questions?</h1>
</section>
</div>
</div>
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